苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏储层体积改造关键问题及展望
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摘要
2012年,中国石油天然气股份有限公司提出了"体积改造"的技术理念,促使压裂理论从经典走向现代。随着鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏勘探开发工作的持续推进,储层条件更加复杂,压裂改造技术在理念、材料和工艺等多方面都面临着新的难题和挑战。为了将体积改造技术原理的普遍性和苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏储层的特殊性相结合,建立有效的体积改造技术模式,借鉴近年来美国非常规天然气成功开发的经验,从地质特征入手,探讨了苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏储层体积改造面临的关键问题,并提出了技术发展的方向。研究结果表明:(1)控制裂缝纵向延伸,适度提高排量、大幅增加液量的滑溜水压裂设计是提高单层产量的关键;(2)通过直井多层、水平井多段压裂,实现致密砂岩气多层系立体式开发,是提高单井产量和采收率的基础;(3)小井眼、小油管完井实现高排量压裂设计、长期生产,是实现提产降本的前提。
In 2012, the concept of Volumetric Stimulation was presented by Petro China to promote the fracturing theory from classic to modern. Along with the sustainable exploration and development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, the reservoir conditions are getting more and more complicated, new difficulties and challenges have been encountered in fracturing stimulation technologies from the aspects of ideas, materials, technical processes, and so on. The following conclusions were obtained. First, to control fractures extension vertically, enhance the discharge volume, and make a slickwater fracturing design with a significant increase of liquid quantity will be the key to the improvement of single layer gas production rate. Then, to achieve a stereometric development mode for multi-layer tight gas reservoirs fractured by vertical wells with multiple layers, horizontal wells with multiple sections is a robust foundation for improving single-well production and gas recovery rates. Finally, it is the prerequisite to lowering costs and increasing production rates to achieve a favorable fracturing design with high discharge volumes and long-term stable production rates by well completion with small holes and small-size oil tubings.
In 2012, the concept of Volumetric Stimulation was presented by Petro China to promote the fracturing theory from classic to modern. Along with the sustainable exploration and development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, the reservoir conditions are getting more and more complicated, new difficulties and challenges have been encountered in fracturing stimulation technologies from the aspects of ideas, materials, technical processes, and so on. The following conclusions were obtained. First, to control fractures extension vertically, enhance the discharge volume, and make a slickwater fracturing design with a significant increase of liquid quantity will be the key to the improvement of single layer gas production rate. Then, to achieve a stereometric development mode for multi-layer tight gas reservoirs fractured by vertical wells with multiple layers, horizontal wells with multiple sections is a robust foundation for improving single-well production and gas recovery rates. Finally, it is the prerequisite to lowering costs and increasing production rates to achieve a favorable fracturing design with high discharge volumes and long-term stable production rates by well completion with small holes and small-size oil tubings.
引文
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[11]肖元相,来轩昂,周长静,叶凤婷,胡阳明,王亚娟,等.长庆气田套管滑套压裂技术的研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(4):61-64.Xiao Yuanxiang,Lai Xuan'ang,Zhou Changjing,Ye Fengting,Hu Yangming,Wang Yajuan,et al.Casing sleeve fracturing technology research and application in Changqing Gas Field[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2015,38(4):61-64.
[12]李国华,王素荣,古永红,胡喜峰,周焕顺.直井连续分层压裂工艺在长庆油田上古低渗砂岩气藏的应用[J].油气井测试,2013,22(2):59-61.Li Guohua,Wang Surong,Gu Yonghong,Hu Xifeng&Zhou Huanshun.Application of continuously layered fracturing technology in vertical well to low-permeability sandstone gas reservoir of Upper Palaeozoic erathem in Changqing Oilfield[J].Well Testing,2013,22(2):59-61.
[13]何明舫,马旭,张燕明,来轩昂,肖元相,郝瑞芬.苏里格气田“工厂化”压裂作业方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):349-353.He Mingfang,Ma Xu,Zhang Yanming,Lai Xuan'ang,Xiao Yuanxiang&Hao Ruifen.A factory fracturing model of multi-well cluster in Sulige gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):349-353.
[14]刘社明,张明禄,陈志勇,梁常宝,范文敏.苏里格南合作区工厂化钻完井作业实践[J].天然气工业2013,33(8):64-69.Liu Sheming,Zhang Minglu,Chen Zhiyong,Liang Changbao&Fan Wenmin.Factory-like drilling and completion practices in the joint gas development zone of the South Sulige Project[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):64-69.
[15]何明舫,来轩昂,李宁军,肖元相,沈磊,刘晓瑞,等.苏里格气田压裂返排液回收处理方法[J].天然气工业,2015,35(8):114-119.He Mingfang,Lai Xuan'ang,Li Ningjun,Xiao Yuanxiang,Shen Lei,Liu Xiaorui,et al.Recovery and treatment of fracturing flowback fluids in the Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(8):114-119.
[2]吴奇,胥云,王腾飞,王晓泉.增产改造理念的重大变革:体积改造技术概论[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):7-12.Wu Qi,Xu Yun,Wang Tengfei&Wang Xiaoquan.The revolution of reservoir stimulation:An introduction of volume fracturing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(4):7-12.
[3]吴奇,胥云,刘玉章,丁云宏,王晓泉,王腾飞.美国页岩气体积改造技术现状及对我国的启示[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(2):1-7.Wu Qi,Xu Yun,Liu Yuzhang,Ding Yunhong,Wang Xiaoquan&Wang Tengfei.The current situation of stimulated reservoir volume for shale in U.S.and its inspiration to China[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(2):1-7,
[4]位云生,贾爱林,何东博,王军磊,韩品龙,金亦秋.中国页岩气与致密气开发特征与开发技术异同[J].天然气工业,2017,37(11):43-52.Wei Yunsheng,Jia Ailin,He Dongbo,Wang Junlei,Han Pinlong&Jin Yiqiu.Comparative analysis of development characteristics and technologies between shale gas and tight gas in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(11):43-52.
[5]童晓光,郭彬程,李建忠,黄福喜.中美致密砂岩气成藏分布异同点比较研究与意义[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):9-15.Tong Xiaoguang,Guo Bincheng,Li Jianzhong&Huang Fuxi.Comparison study on accumulation&distribution of tight sandstone gas between China and the United States and its significance[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):9-15.
[6]马旭,郝瑞芬,来轩昂,张燕明,马占国,何明舫,等.苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏水平井体积压裂矿场试验[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):742-747.Ma Xu,Hao Ruifen,Lai Xuan'ang,Zhang Yanming,Ma Zhanguo,He Mingfang,et al.Field test of volume fracturing for horizontal wells in Sulige tight sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):742-747.
[7]凌云,李宪文,慕立俊,马旭.苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏压裂技术新进展[J].天然气工业,2014,34(11):66-72.Ling Yun,Li Xianwen,Mu Lijun&Ma Xu.New progress in fracturing technologies for tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(11):66-72.
[8]Xu Yonggao,Zhao Zhenfeng,Wang Yajuan,Zhang Yanming,Ma Xu,Zhang Kuangsheng,et al.Hydra-jetting staged horizontal completion via multiple sliding sleeve in Changqing sandstone tight gas reservoir[C]//paper 156181 presented at the IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition,9-11July 2012,Tianjin,China.
[9]毕曼,杨映洲,马占国,肖元相,李小玲,赵倩云,等.混合压裂在苏里格致密气藏水平井的应用[J].断块油气田,2014,21(5):644-647.Bi Man,Yang Yingzhou,Ma Zhanguo,Xiao Yuanxiang,Li Xiaoling,Zhao Qianyun,et al.Application of hybrid fracturing in horizontal well of tight gas reservoir in Sulige Gas Field[J].Fault-block Oil&Gas Field,2014,21(5):644-647.
[10]雷群,万玉金,李熙喆,胡勇.美国致密砂岩气藏开发与启示[J].天然气工业,2010,30(1):45-48.Lei Qun,Wan Yujin,Li Xizhe&Hu Yong.A study on the development of tight gas reservoirs in the USA[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(1):45-48.
[11]肖元相,来轩昂,周长静,叶凤婷,胡阳明,王亚娟,等.长庆气田套管滑套压裂技术的研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(4):61-64.Xiao Yuanxiang,Lai Xuan'ang,Zhou Changjing,Ye Fengting,Hu Yangming,Wang Yajuan,et al.Casing sleeve fracturing technology research and application in Changqing Gas Field[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2015,38(4):61-64.
[12]李国华,王素荣,古永红,胡喜峰,周焕顺.直井连续分层压裂工艺在长庆油田上古低渗砂岩气藏的应用[J].油气井测试,2013,22(2):59-61.Li Guohua,Wang Surong,Gu Yonghong,Hu Xifeng&Zhou Huanshun.Application of continuously layered fracturing technology in vertical well to low-permeability sandstone gas reservoir of Upper Palaeozoic erathem in Changqing Oilfield[J].Well Testing,2013,22(2):59-61.
[13]何明舫,马旭,张燕明,来轩昂,肖元相,郝瑞芬.苏里格气田“工厂化”压裂作业方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):349-353.He Mingfang,Ma Xu,Zhang Yanming,Lai Xuan'ang,Xiao Yuanxiang&Hao Ruifen.A factory fracturing model of multi-well cluster in Sulige gas field,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):349-353.
[14]刘社明,张明禄,陈志勇,梁常宝,范文敏.苏里格南合作区工厂化钻完井作业实践[J].天然气工业2013,33(8):64-69.Liu Sheming,Zhang Minglu,Chen Zhiyong,Liang Changbao&Fan Wenmin.Factory-like drilling and completion practices in the joint gas development zone of the South Sulige Project[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):64-69.
[15]何明舫,来轩昂,李宁军,肖元相,沈磊,刘晓瑞,等.苏里格气田压裂返排液回收处理方法[J].天然气工业,2015,35(8):114-119.He Mingfang,Lai Xuan'ang,Li Ningjun,Xiao Yuanxiang,Shen Lei,Liu Xiaorui,et al.Recovery and treatment of fracturing flowback fluids in the Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(8):114-119.