利用热声发射技术测量岩石最高古温度的探索
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摘要
根据岩石的热Kaiser效应,岩石能够记忆地质历史中经历过的最高温度.本次实验使用自行研制的岩石热声发射仪,利用人工加热的砂岩和灰岩样品证实了沉积岩存在热Kaiser效应,并探讨了根据热Kaiser效应测量沉积岩经历的最高温度的准确性.通过对塔里术盆地的系列埋深(2800～5300 m)的砂岩和泥岩样品及川西地区灰岩样品的研究,结果显示样品的声发射信号随温度升高变化显著,热Kaiser效应明显;利用热声发射技术测得的温度与岩石经历的最高温度基本一致,表明该方法可用于岩石经历的最高温度测定.因此,热声发射技术可以为沉积盆地热史恢复提供一种新的途径.
The thermal Kaiser effect suggests that rock can record the information of the highest temperature that it has experienced in the geologic history.Using self-developed thermo-acoustic emission instruments,the highest rock paleotemperature was measured in this study.Tests on artificial heated sandstone and limestone samples verify the existence of thermal Kaiser effect for sedimentary rocks and the accuracy of the experiment results.And the highest temperatures of sandstone and mudstone samples with different buried depths in the Tarim basin and a sample in Western Sichuan were carefully measured.The results illustrate good thermal Kaiser effect and the rock thermo-acoustic emission signals vary with temperature.Temperatures measured by thermo-acoustic emission are largely consistent with the highest temperatures samples experienced,suggesting the thermo-acoustic emission can be applied to paleogeotemperature measurement.Therefore,thermo-acoustic emission technique can be considered as a new method in thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins.
The thermal Kaiser effect suggests that rock can record the information of the highest temperature that it has experienced in the geologic history.Using self-developed thermo-acoustic emission instruments,the highest rock paleotemperature was measured in this study.Tests on artificial heated sandstone and limestone samples verify the existence of thermal Kaiser effect for sedimentary rocks and the accuracy of the experiment results.And the highest temperatures of sandstone and mudstone samples with different buried depths in the Tarim basin and a sample in Western Sichuan were carefully measured.The results illustrate good thermal Kaiser effect and the rock thermo-acoustic emission signals vary with temperature.Temperatures measured by thermo-acoustic emission are largely consistent with the highest temperatures samples experienced,suggesting the thermo-acoustic emission can be applied to paleogeotemperature measurement.Therefore,thermo-acoustic emission technique can be considered as a new method in thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins.
引文
[1]袁振明,马羽宽,何泽云.声发射技术及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1985 Yuan Z M,Ma Y K,He Z Y.Acoustic Emission Technique and Application(in Chinese).Beijing:Mechanic Industry Press,1985
[2]赵阳升,万志军,康建荣.高温岩体地热开发导论.北京:科学出版社,2004 Zhao Y S,Wan Z J,Kang J R.HDR Geothermal Exploration Introduction(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2004
[3]Kaiser E J.A Study of Acoustic Phenomena in Tensile Test [Ph.D.thesis].Technisehe:Technische Hochschule Munchen, 1950
[4]Goodman R E.Subaudible noise during compression of rocks.Geo.Soc.Am.Bull.,1963,74(4):387-490
[5]Onoe M,Yamaguchi K,Nakasa H,et al.Acoustic Emission-bases and Applications.Tokyo:Corona Publishing Co,1976
[6]Choi N S,Kim T W,Rhee K Y.Kaiser effects in acoustic emission from composites during thermal cyclic-loading. NDT & E International,2005,38(4):268-274
[7]席道瑛,程经毅,黄建华.声发射在研究岩石古温度中的应用.中国科学技术大学学报,1996,26(1):97-101 Xi D Y,Cheng J Y.Huang J H.The application of acoustic emission in the study of ancient temperature of rock.Journal of China University of Science and Technology(in Chinese),1996,26(1):97-101
[8]Kurita K,Fujii N.Stress memory of crystalline rocks in acoustic emission.Geophysical Research Letters,1979,6 (1):9-12
[9]Wang H T,Xian X F,Yin G Z,et al.A new method of determining geostresses by the acoustic emission Kaiser ??effect.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(3):543-547
[10]陈颙.声发射技术在岩石力学研究中的应用.地球物理学报,1977,20(4):312-321 Chen Y.Application of acoustic emission techniques to rock mechanics research.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1977,20(4):312-321
[11]赖德伦,于小红,陈颙等.应力历史与岩石声发射关系的实验研究.东北地震研究,1988,4(2):11-18 Lai D L,Yu X H.Chen Y,et al.Experimental study of relation between stress history and rock acoustic emission. Seismological Research of Northeast China(in Chinese), 1988,4(2):11-18
[12]孙宝珊,丁原辰,邵兆刚等.声发射法测量古今应力在油田的应用.地质力学学报,1996,2(2):11-17 Sun B S.Ding Y C,Shao Z G,et al.Application of acoustic emission technique in determination of fossil and present-day stresses in oil fields.Journal of Geotnechanics(in Chinese), 1996.2(2):11-17
[13]丁原辰,邵兆刚.测定岩石经历的最高古应力状态实验研究.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2001,26(1):99-104 Ding Y C,Shao Z G.An experimental research into determination of highest paleotectonic stress state experienced by rock through geological ages.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2001,26(1): 99-104
[14]姜永东,鲜学福,许江.岩石声发射Kaiser效应应用于地应力测试的研究.岩土力学,2005,26(6):946-950 Jiang Y D,Xian X F,Xu J.Research on application of Kaiser effect of acoustic emission to measuring initial stress in rock mass.Rock and Soil Mechanics(in Chinese),2005,26(6): 946-950
[15]Widhalm C,Tschegg E,Eppensteiner W.Acoustic emission and anisotropic expansion when heating marble.Journal of Performance of Constructed FacilitiesASCE,1997,11(1): 35-40
[16]Chen Y,Wang C Y.Thermally induced acoustic emission in Westerly granite.Geophysical Research Letters,1980,7 (12):1089-1092
[17]席道瑛,谢端.破碎大理岩热开裂引起的声发射.地球物理学报,1989,32(专辑Ⅰ):527-531 Xi D Y,Xie D.Acoustic emission of fractured marble due to thermal cracking.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1989,32(SuppⅠ),527-531
[18]席道瑛,陈普刚.应力或热疲劳对花岗岩凯塞效应的影响.地震地质,1995,17(2):162-166 Xi D Y,Chen P G.On influence of stress and thermal latigue on Kaiser effects of granite.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1995,17(2):162-166
[19]陈颙,吴晓东,张福勤.岩石热开裂的实验研究.科学通报,1999,44(8):880-883 Chen Y,Wu X D,Zhang F Q.Experimental research on thermal cracking of rocks.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),1999,44(8):880-883
[20]Zuberek W M,Zogala B,Dubiel R,et al.Maximum temperature memory in sandstone and mudstone observed with acoustic emission and ultrasonic measurements.International. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35 (4-5):416-417
[21]张渊,曲方,赵阳升.岩石热破裂的声发射现象.岩土工程学报,2006,28(1):73-75 Zhang Y,Qu F,Zhao Y S.Acoustic emission phenomena of thermal cracking of sandstone.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering(in Chinese),2006,28(1):73-75
[22]刘绍文,王良书,李成等.塔里木盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构和新生代热体制.地质学报,2006,80(3):344-350 Liu S W,Wang L S,Li C,et al.Lithospheric thermorheological structure and Cenozoic thermal regime in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,80(3):344-350
[23]卢庆志,胡圣标,郭彤楼等.川东北地区异常高压形成的地温场背景.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1110-1116 Lu Q Z,Hu S B,Guo T L,et al.The background of the geothermal field for formation of abnormal high pressure in the northeastern Schuan basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2005,48(5):1110-1116
[24]樊运晓.损伤:Kaiser效应记忆机理的探讨.岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):254-258 Fan Y X.Damage,the mechanism of Kaiser effect.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese), 2000,19(2):254-258
[25]樊运晓.时间对大理岩凯塞效应的影响.地质力学学报, ??2001,7(1):92-96 Fan Y X.Research on marble Kaiser effect affected by time factor.Journal of Geomechanics(in Chinese),2001,7(1): 92-96
[26]伍大茂,吴乃苓,郜建军.四川盆地古地温研究及其地质意义.石油学报,1998,19(1):18-23 Wu D M,Wu N L,Gao J J.Paleogeotemperature in Sichuan Basin and its geological significance.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),1998,19(1):18-23
[27]吴晓东,刘均荣.岩石热开裂影响因素分析.石油钻探技术, 2003,31(5):24-27 Wu X D.Liu J R.Factors on the thermal cracking of rocks. Petroleum Drilling Techniques(in Chinese),2003,31(5): 24-27
[28]Wong T F,Brace W F.Thermal expansion of rocks:some measurements at high pressure.Tectonophysics,1979,57(2- 4):95-117
[29]张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656-659 Zhang Y,Zhang X,Zhao Y S.Process of sandstone thermal cracking.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3): 656-659
[30]武晋文,赵阳升,万志军等.中高温三轴应力下鲁灰花岗岩热破裂声发射特征的试验研究.岩土力学,2009,30(11): 3331-3336 Wu J W,Zhao Y S,Wan Z J,et al.Experimental study of acoustic emission characteristics of granite thermal cracking under middle-high temperature and triaxial stress.Rock and Soil Mechanics(in Chinese),2009,30(11):3331-3336
[2]赵阳升,万志军,康建荣.高温岩体地热开发导论.北京:科学出版社,2004 Zhao Y S,Wan Z J,Kang J R.HDR Geothermal Exploration Introduction(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2004
[3]Kaiser E J.A Study of Acoustic Phenomena in Tensile Test [Ph.D.thesis].Technisehe:Technische Hochschule Munchen, 1950
[4]Goodman R E.Subaudible noise during compression of rocks.Geo.Soc.Am.Bull.,1963,74(4):387-490
[5]Onoe M,Yamaguchi K,Nakasa H,et al.Acoustic Emission-bases and Applications.Tokyo:Corona Publishing Co,1976
[6]Choi N S,Kim T W,Rhee K Y.Kaiser effects in acoustic emission from composites during thermal cyclic-loading. NDT & E International,2005,38(4):268-274
[7]席道瑛,程经毅,黄建华.声发射在研究岩石古温度中的应用.中国科学技术大学学报,1996,26(1):97-101 Xi D Y,Cheng J Y.Huang J H.The application of acoustic emission in the study of ancient temperature of rock.Journal of China University of Science and Technology(in Chinese),1996,26(1):97-101
[8]Kurita K,Fujii N.Stress memory of crystalline rocks in acoustic emission.Geophysical Research Letters,1979,6 (1):9-12
[9]Wang H T,Xian X F,Yin G Z,et al.A new method of determining geostresses by the acoustic emission Kaiser ??effect.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(3):543-547
[10]陈颙.声发射技术在岩石力学研究中的应用.地球物理学报,1977,20(4):312-321 Chen Y.Application of acoustic emission techniques to rock mechanics research.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1977,20(4):312-321
[11]赖德伦,于小红,陈颙等.应力历史与岩石声发射关系的实验研究.东北地震研究,1988,4(2):11-18 Lai D L,Yu X H.Chen Y,et al.Experimental study of relation between stress history and rock acoustic emission. Seismological Research of Northeast China(in Chinese), 1988,4(2):11-18
[12]孙宝珊,丁原辰,邵兆刚等.声发射法测量古今应力在油田的应用.地质力学学报,1996,2(2):11-17 Sun B S.Ding Y C,Shao Z G,et al.Application of acoustic emission technique in determination of fossil and present-day stresses in oil fields.Journal of Geotnechanics(in Chinese), 1996.2(2):11-17
[13]丁原辰,邵兆刚.测定岩石经历的最高古应力状态实验研究.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2001,26(1):99-104 Ding Y C,Shao Z G.An experimental research into determination of highest paleotectonic stress state experienced by rock through geological ages.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2001,26(1): 99-104
[14]姜永东,鲜学福,许江.岩石声发射Kaiser效应应用于地应力测试的研究.岩土力学,2005,26(6):946-950 Jiang Y D,Xian X F,Xu J.Research on application of Kaiser effect of acoustic emission to measuring initial stress in rock mass.Rock and Soil Mechanics(in Chinese),2005,26(6): 946-950
[15]Widhalm C,Tschegg E,Eppensteiner W.Acoustic emission and anisotropic expansion when heating marble.Journal of Performance of Constructed FacilitiesASCE,1997,11(1): 35-40
[16]Chen Y,Wang C Y.Thermally induced acoustic emission in Westerly granite.Geophysical Research Letters,1980,7 (12):1089-1092
[17]席道瑛,谢端.破碎大理岩热开裂引起的声发射.地球物理学报,1989,32(专辑Ⅰ):527-531 Xi D Y,Xie D.Acoustic emission of fractured marble due to thermal cracking.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1989,32(SuppⅠ),527-531
[18]席道瑛,陈普刚.应力或热疲劳对花岗岩凯塞效应的影响.地震地质,1995,17(2):162-166 Xi D Y,Chen P G.On influence of stress and thermal latigue on Kaiser effects of granite.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1995,17(2):162-166
[19]陈颙,吴晓东,张福勤.岩石热开裂的实验研究.科学通报,1999,44(8):880-883 Chen Y,Wu X D,Zhang F Q.Experimental research on thermal cracking of rocks.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),1999,44(8):880-883
[20]Zuberek W M,Zogala B,Dubiel R,et al.Maximum temperature memory in sandstone and mudstone observed with acoustic emission and ultrasonic measurements.International. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35 (4-5):416-417
[21]张渊,曲方,赵阳升.岩石热破裂的声发射现象.岩土工程学报,2006,28(1):73-75 Zhang Y,Qu F,Zhao Y S.Acoustic emission phenomena of thermal cracking of sandstone.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering(in Chinese),2006,28(1):73-75
[22]刘绍文,王良书,李成等.塔里木盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构和新生代热体制.地质学报,2006,80(3):344-350 Liu S W,Wang L S,Li C,et al.Lithospheric thermorheological structure and Cenozoic thermal regime in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,80(3):344-350
[23]卢庆志,胡圣标,郭彤楼等.川东北地区异常高压形成的地温场背景.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1110-1116 Lu Q Z,Hu S B,Guo T L,et al.The background of the geothermal field for formation of abnormal high pressure in the northeastern Schuan basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2005,48(5):1110-1116
[24]樊运晓.损伤:Kaiser效应记忆机理的探讨.岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):254-258 Fan Y X.Damage,the mechanism of Kaiser effect.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese), 2000,19(2):254-258
[25]樊运晓.时间对大理岩凯塞效应的影响.地质力学学报, ??2001,7(1):92-96 Fan Y X.Research on marble Kaiser effect affected by time factor.Journal of Geomechanics(in Chinese),2001,7(1): 92-96
[26]伍大茂,吴乃苓,郜建军.四川盆地古地温研究及其地质意义.石油学报,1998,19(1):18-23 Wu D M,Wu N L,Gao J J.Paleogeotemperature in Sichuan Basin and its geological significance.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),1998,19(1):18-23
[27]吴晓东,刘均荣.岩石热开裂影响因素分析.石油钻探技术, 2003,31(5):24-27 Wu X D.Liu J R.Factors on the thermal cracking of rocks. Petroleum Drilling Techniques(in Chinese),2003,31(5): 24-27
[28]Wong T F,Brace W F.Thermal expansion of rocks:some measurements at high pressure.Tectonophysics,1979,57(2- 4):95-117
[29]张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656-659 Zhang Y,Zhang X,Zhao Y S.Process of sandstone thermal cracking.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3): 656-659
[30]武晋文,赵阳升,万志军等.中高温三轴应力下鲁灰花岗岩热破裂声发射特征的试验研究.岩土力学,2009,30(11): 3331-3336 Wu J W,Zhao Y S,Wan Z J,et al.Experimental study of acoustic emission characteristics of granite thermal cracking under middle-high temperature and triaxial stress.Rock and Soil Mechanics(in Chinese),2009,30(11):3331-3336