大学生依恋特质基本维度的构建与培养策略
|
摘要
文章根据成人依恋特质的内涵提炼出依恋特质测评的两个方面,即情感温暖和情感独立。为建立标准化成人依恋特质形容词词库,以60名大学生为对象参与词语评定工作,对300个备选词语在熟悉度、褒贬度、依恋度和唤醒度上进行评定,温暖词和独立词在依恋度和褒贬度上差异具有显著统计学意义,两类词汇在笔画、频级、熟悉度和唤醒度上匹配较好。两类词在依恋度、熟悉度和唤醒度等三者之间呈现线性正相关关系,表明两类维度词依恋度得分越高,其熟悉度和唤醒度就越高,进一步证明了大学生依恋基本维度的特质评定呈现线性关系。采用情感形容词评定的研究方法,确定了大学生依恋特质的两个维度,即温暖性和独立性,对于大学生树立积极健康的情感价值观具有一定的实际意义,并根据依恋双维结构提出培养建议。
Based on the connotation of adult attachment trait, this study extracts two aspects of attachment trait for measurement, namely emotional warmth and emotional independence.This study aims to build a standardized adjective word system, which can be applied to measure the fundamental dimension of adult attachment. 60 undergraduates and masters were asked to rate 300 words on familiarity, valence, attachment and arousal. There are significant differences in the degree of attachment and valence for warmth and independence words, and there are good match in their strokes, frequency rank, familiarity and arousal. There are a positive correlation for two types of words between the degree of attachment, familiarity and arousal dimensions, which demonstrates the higher rating on the degree of attachment, the higher scores on familiarity and valence, with a testimony on linear relationship featuring the fundamental dimensions of adult attachment. This study applies affective adjective assessment method to find the two dimensions of attachment traits for college students, warmth and independence, which shows a certain practical significance for college students to form a positive and healthy affective values, and we puts forward cultivation suggestions according to the structure of two-dimension attachment.
Based on the connotation of adult attachment trait, this study extracts two aspects of attachment trait for measurement, namely emotional warmth and emotional independence.This study aims to build a standardized adjective word system, which can be applied to measure the fundamental dimension of adult attachment. 60 undergraduates and masters were asked to rate 300 words on familiarity, valence, attachment and arousal. There are significant differences in the degree of attachment and valence for warmth and independence words, and there are good match in their strokes, frequency rank, familiarity and arousal. There are a positive correlation for two types of words between the degree of attachment, familiarity and arousal dimensions, which demonstrates the higher rating on the degree of attachment, the higher scores on familiarity and valence, with a testimony on linear relationship featuring the fundamental dimensions of adult attachment. This study applies affective adjective assessment method to find the two dimensions of attachment traits for college students, warmth and independence, which shows a certain practical significance for college students to form a positive and healthy affective values, and we puts forward cultivation suggestions according to the structure of two-dimension attachment.
引文
[1]李旭,等.留守儿童的心理弹性与父母情感温暖的关系——基于潜在剖面分析的研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2016(5):375-377.
[2]徐晓军,张楠楠,师璐瑶.提升安全感:失独父母依恋关系的重建[J].山东社会科学,2017(6):94-101.
[3]李彩娜,班兰美,李红梅.大学生孤独感及其与依恋、自尊的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2010(4):514-516.
[4]Zhang X, Chen X, Ran G, et al. Adult children’s support and self-esteem as mediators in the relationship between attachment and subjective well-being in older adults[J].Personality & Individual Differences, 2016(97):229-233.
[5]杜江红,李永鑫.成人依恋风格的结构探索[J].心理学探新,2017(6):52-57.
[6]Wampler R S , Downs A B. Parent and Peer Attachment in Minority Males at High Risk for Delinquency[J].Clinical Social Work Journal, 2010(1):107-119.
[7]刘聚红,等.爱情关系:基于成人依恋风格的视角[J].心理科学,2015(5):1213-1217.
[8]钟歆,等.青少年同伴依恋:基于发展的视角[J].心理科学进展,2014(7):1149-1158.
[9]Molero F , Shaver P R , FERNáNDEZ, ITZIAR, et al. Long-term partners’ relationship satisfaction and their perceptions of each other’s attachment insecurities[J].Personal Relationships, 2016(1):159-171.
[10]Florian V , Mikulincer M . Symbolic immortality and the management of the terror of death: The moderating role of attachment style[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998(3):725-734.
[11]Milulincer.M,PR Shaver,Attachment-related mental representations of self and others.Attachment in Adulthood:Structure,dynamics,and change[M].New York:Guilford Press,2007:520-526.
[12]Davis D , Shaver P R , Vernon M L . Attachment Style and Subjective Motivations for Sex[J].Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004(8):1076-1090.
[13]Schachner D A , Shaver P R . Attachment dimensions and sexual motives[J].Personal Relationships,2004(2):17-28.
[14]张文娟,等.依恋与人格障碍的关系:维度诊断的新视角[J].北京师范大学学报:社会科学版,2018(5):73-83.
[15][19]雷鸣,张庆林.大学生情绪形容词词库的初步建立[J].四川理工学院学报:社会科学版, 2013(3):87-91.
[16][22]Ybarra O , Chan E , Park H , et al. Life’s recurring challenges and the fundamental dimensions: An integration and its implications for cultural differences and similarities[J].European Journal of Social Psychology, 2010(7):1083-1092.
[17]王一牛,等.汉语情感词系统的初步编制及评定[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2008(8):608-612.
[18]赵英,等.成语情感词分类系统的初步建立[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011(4).
[20]黄希庭,张蜀林.562个人格特质形容词的好恶度、意义度和熟悉度的测定[J].心理科学,1992(5):17-22.
[21]《现代汉语常用词表》课题组.现代汉语常用词表[M].北京:商务印书馆,2008:35-500.
[23]Fraley R C , Hudson N W , Heffernan M E , et al. Are adult attachment styles categorical or dimensional? A taxometric analysis of general and relationship-specific attachment orientations[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2015(2):354-368.
[24]Bartz J A , Lydon J E . Close Relationships and the Working Self-Concept: Implicit and Explicit Effects of Priming Attachment on Agency and Communion[J].Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004(11):1389-1401.
[2]徐晓军,张楠楠,师璐瑶.提升安全感:失独父母依恋关系的重建[J].山东社会科学,2017(6):94-101.
[3]李彩娜,班兰美,李红梅.大学生孤独感及其与依恋、自尊的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2010(4):514-516.
[4]Zhang X, Chen X, Ran G, et al. Adult children’s support and self-esteem as mediators in the relationship between attachment and subjective well-being in older adults[J].Personality & Individual Differences, 2016(97):229-233.
[5]杜江红,李永鑫.成人依恋风格的结构探索[J].心理学探新,2017(6):52-57.
[6]Wampler R S , Downs A B. Parent and Peer Attachment in Minority Males at High Risk for Delinquency[J].Clinical Social Work Journal, 2010(1):107-119.
[7]刘聚红,等.爱情关系:基于成人依恋风格的视角[J].心理科学,2015(5):1213-1217.
[8]钟歆,等.青少年同伴依恋:基于发展的视角[J].心理科学进展,2014(7):1149-1158.
[9]Molero F , Shaver P R , FERNáNDEZ, ITZIAR, et al. Long-term partners’ relationship satisfaction and their perceptions of each other’s attachment insecurities[J].Personal Relationships, 2016(1):159-171.
[10]Florian V , Mikulincer M . Symbolic immortality and the management of the terror of death: The moderating role of attachment style[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998(3):725-734.
[11]Milulincer.M,PR Shaver,Attachment-related mental representations of self and others.Attachment in Adulthood:Structure,dynamics,and change[M].New York:Guilford Press,2007:520-526.
[12]Davis D , Shaver P R , Vernon M L . Attachment Style and Subjective Motivations for Sex[J].Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004(8):1076-1090.
[13]Schachner D A , Shaver P R . Attachment dimensions and sexual motives[J].Personal Relationships,2004(2):17-28.
[14]张文娟,等.依恋与人格障碍的关系:维度诊断的新视角[J].北京师范大学学报:社会科学版,2018(5):73-83.
[15][19]雷鸣,张庆林.大学生情绪形容词词库的初步建立[J].四川理工学院学报:社会科学版, 2013(3):87-91.
[16][22]Ybarra O , Chan E , Park H , et al. Life’s recurring challenges and the fundamental dimensions: An integration and its implications for cultural differences and similarities[J].European Journal of Social Psychology, 2010(7):1083-1092.
[17]王一牛,等.汉语情感词系统的初步编制及评定[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2008(8):608-612.
[18]赵英,等.成语情感词分类系统的初步建立[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011(4).
[20]黄希庭,张蜀林.562个人格特质形容词的好恶度、意义度和熟悉度的测定[J].心理科学,1992(5):17-22.
[21]《现代汉语常用词表》课题组.现代汉语常用词表[M].北京:商务印书馆,2008:35-500.
[23]Fraley R C , Hudson N W , Heffernan M E , et al. Are adult attachment styles categorical or dimensional? A taxometric analysis of general and relationship-specific attachment orientations[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2015(2):354-368.
[24]Bartz J A , Lydon J E . Close Relationships and the Working Self-Concept: Implicit and Explicit Effects of Priming Attachment on Agency and Communion[J].Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004(11):1389-1401.