基于储层构型理论的致密砂岩成藏过程分析——以松辽盆地古龙向斜葡萄花油层为例
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摘要
针对致密砂岩储层非均质性强和成藏过程复杂,利用岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜和实验分析测试等资料,基于储层构型理论的等级体系划分和成因单元识别,综合研究松辽盆地古龙向斜葡萄花油层的岩石学特征、物性特征、孔喉结构特征和成岩特征,进而对致密砂岩储层的致密史与成藏史时空耦合关系进行分析。结果表明:葡萄花油层由8种岩相成因单元、4种微相成因单元和1种亚相成因单元的3个等级体系级次组成;葡萄花油层砂岩类型主要为长石岩屑砂岩,粒度细,分选-磨圆中等,方解石充填为主,孔隙度平均值为7.63%,渗透率平均值为0.42×10~(-3)μm~2,孔隙类型以粒间溶蚀扩大孔为主,喉道类型主要发育收缩状、断面状和弯片状;葡萄花油层经历了两期胶结和一期溶蚀的成岩演化序列,目前处于中成岩阶段A期;葡萄花油层具有多期成藏和选择性充注的动态演化过程,得出向斜区油气富集的优质储层为水下河道微相、厚层席状砂微相及二者附近连通的薄层席状砂微相。
Tight sandstone reservoir is highly heterogeneous and its hydrocarbon accumulation process is complicated. The petrologic features,physical properties,pore throat structures and diagenesis of the Putaohua oil reservoir in Gulong syncline,Songliao Basin,were studied via a combination of core,thin section,SEM and experimental data. Then the spatio-temporal coupling relationship between the tightening history and hydrocarbon accumulation history of tight sandstone reservoir was analyzed based on the hierarchical system of architecture theory and the identification of genetic units. Results indicate that(1) hierarchically the Putaohua oil reservoir is composed of 8 lithofacies units,1 subfacies unit,and 4 microfacies units in terms of genesis;(2) the reservoir sandstone is mainly feldspar lithic sandstone with finegrain size,medium sorting and rounding,mostly calcite cement filling,an average porosity of 7. 63% and an average permeability 0. 42 × 10~(-3)μm~2. The majority of the pores are intergranular dissolution pores,developing shrinkage,fracture,and curved-plate throats;(3) the Putaohua oil reservoir is currently in Period A of the anadiagenetic stage after two periods of cementation and one period of dissolution during the diagenetic evolutionary history;( 4) the oil enrichment of the Putaohua reservoir is attributed to the dynamic evolutionary process of multiphase accumulation andselective charging. And we come to the conclusion that microfacies of the underwater channel,thick sheet sandstone,and the interconnected thin sheet sandstone close to the above two areas are high-quality hydrocarbon-enriched reservoirs in the syncline.
Tight sandstone reservoir is highly heterogeneous and its hydrocarbon accumulation process is complicated. The petrologic features,physical properties,pore throat structures and diagenesis of the Putaohua oil reservoir in Gulong syncline,Songliao Basin,were studied via a combination of core,thin section,SEM and experimental data. Then the spatio-temporal coupling relationship between the tightening history and hydrocarbon accumulation history of tight sandstone reservoir was analyzed based on the hierarchical system of architecture theory and the identification of genetic units. Results indicate that(1) hierarchically the Putaohua oil reservoir is composed of 8 lithofacies units,1 subfacies unit,and 4 microfacies units in terms of genesis;(2) the reservoir sandstone is mainly feldspar lithic sandstone with finegrain size,medium sorting and rounding,mostly calcite cement filling,an average porosity of 7. 63% and an average permeability 0. 42 × 10~(-3)μm~2. The majority of the pores are intergranular dissolution pores,developing shrinkage,fracture,and curved-plate throats;(3) the Putaohua oil reservoir is currently in Period A of the anadiagenetic stage after two periods of cementation and one period of dissolution during the diagenetic evolutionary history;( 4) the oil enrichment of the Putaohua reservoir is attributed to the dynamic evolutionary process of multiphase accumulation andselective charging. And we come to the conclusion that microfacies of the underwater channel,thick sheet sandstone,and the interconnected thin sheet sandstone close to the above two areas are high-quality hydrocarbon-enriched reservoirs in the syncline.
引文
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[10]佟斯琴,李斌,罗群,等.松辽盆地古龙南凹陷葡萄花油层储层单砂层沉积微相研究及有利砂体预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(4):517-525.Tong Siqin,Li Bin,Luo Qun,et al.Single-sandstone-layer sedimentary microfacies and favorable sandbody prediction of Putaohua reservoir in south Gulong sag,Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(4):517-525.
[11]雷裕红,罗晓容,潘坚,等.大庆油田西部地区姚一段油气成藏动力学过程模拟[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):204-210.Lei Yuhong,Luo Xiaorong,Pan Jian,et al.Simulation on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation dynamics of the first member of Yaojia Formation in the west of Daqing Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):204-210.
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[14]李剑,姜晓华,王秀芹,等.裂谷盆地致密砂岩气成藏机制与富集规律——以松辽盆地与渤海湾盆地为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(6):1005-1018.Li Jian,Jiang Xiaohua,Wang Xiuqin,et al.Mechanisms for gas accumulation and enrichment in tight sandstone reservoir in rift basins:Cases from the Songliao Basin and the Bohai Bay[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(6):1005-1018.
[15]罗静兰,刘新社,付晓燕,等.岩石学组成及其成岩演化过程对致密砂岩储集质量与产能的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界盒8天然气储层为例[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2014,39(5):537-545.Luo Jinglan,Liu Xinshe,Fu Xiaoyan,et al.Impact of petrologic components and their diagenetic evolution on tight sandstone reservoir quality and gas yield:A case study from He 8 gas-bearing reservoir of upper paleozoic in northern Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(5):537-545.
[16]刘宗堡,宗寿魁,姜崇,等.凹陷向斜区油气滞留成因机制及成藏模式——以松辽盆地古龙向斜葡萄花油层为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(1):128-138.Liu Zongbao,Zong Shoukui,Jiang Chong,et al.Hydrocarbon retention mechanism and accumulation model of syncline area in depression:as Putaohua reservoir in Gulong syncline,Songliao Basin[J].Journal of China University Mining&Technology,2015,44(1):128-138.
[17]马中振,戴国威,盛晓峰,等.松辽盆地北部连续型致密砂岩油藏的认识及其地质意义[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):221-229.Ma Zhongzhen,Dai Guowei,Sheng Xiaofeng,et al.Tight sand oil reservoir of continuous type in northern Songliao Basin and its geological significance[J].Journal of China University Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):221-229.
[18]应凤祥,何东博,龙玉梅,等.碎屑岩成岩阶段划分(SY/T5477-2003)[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Ying Fengxiang,He Dongbo,Long Yumei,et al.Division of clastic diagenetic Stage(SY/T5477-2003)[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[19]孟元林,胡安文,乔德武,等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层区域成岩规律和成岩作用对致密储层含气性的控制[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):325-334.Meng Yuanlin,Hu Anwen,Qiao Dewu,et al.Regional diagenetic law and control of diagenesis over gas-bearing capacity of tight reservoirs in deep Xujiaweizi fault depression,Songliao Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):325-334.
[20]操应长,葸克来,王艳忠,等.冀中坳陷廊固凹陷河西务构造带古近系沙河街组四段储集层孔隙度演化定量研究[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):593-604.Cao Yingchang,Xi Kelai,Wang Yanzhong,et al.Quantitative research on porosity evolution of reservoirs in the member 4 of paleogene Shahejie Formation in Hexiwu structural zone of Langgu sag,Jizhong depression[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):593-604.
[21]Beard D C,Weyl P K.Influence of texture on porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57(2):349-369.
[22]Scherer M.Parameters influencing porosity in sandstones:A model for sandstone porosity prediction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(5):485-491.
[23]王瑞飞,陈明强.储层沉积-成岩过程中孔隙度参数演化的定量分析:以鄂尔多斯盆地沿25区块、庄40区块为例[J].地质学报,2007,81(10):1432-1440.Wang Ruifei,Chen Mingqiang.Quantitative analysis of porosity evolution during the reservoir sedimentation diagenesis:Taking the Yan 25and Zhuang 40 areas in the Ordos Basin as examples[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2007,81(10):1432-1440.
[24]李易霖,张云峰,尹淑丽,等.致密砂岩储集空间多尺度表征——以松辽盆地齐家地区高台子油层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):915-922.Li Yilin,Zhang Yunfeng,Yin Shuli,et al.Characterization of the pore space in tight sandstone reservoirs from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives:A case study of Gaotaizi reservoir in Qijia area,the Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):915-922.
[25]侯启军,冯子辉,邹玉良.松辽盆地齐家-古龙凹陷油气成藏期次研究[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(4):390-394.Hou Qian,Feng Zhihui,Zou Yuliang.Study on the pool forming periods of oil and gas in Qijia-Gulong sag in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2005,27(4):390-394.
[2]邹才能,张光亚,陶士振,等.全球油气勘探领域地质特征、重大发现及非常规石油地质[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(2):129-145.Zou Caineng,Zhang Guangya,Tao Shizhen,et al.Geological features,major discoveries and unconventional petroleum geology in the global petroleum exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(2):129-145.
[3]Holditch S A.Tight gas sands[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2006,58(6):86-93.
[4]赵靖舟,付金华,姚泾利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地准连续型致密砂岩大气田成藏模式[J].石油学报,2012,33(增1):37-52.Zhao Jingzhou,Fu Jinhua,Yao Jingli,et al.Quasi-continuous accumulation model of large tight sandstone gas field in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(Supple1):37-52.
[5]庞雄奇,周新源,董月霞,等.含油气盆地致密砂岩类油气藏成因机制与资源潜力[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(5):28-37.Pang Xiongqi,Zhou Xinyuan,Dong Yuexia,et al.Formation mechanism classification of tight sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs in petroliferous basin and resources appraisal[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2013,37(5):28-37.
[6]Nelson P H.Pore-throat sizes in sandstones,tight sandstones,and shales[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(3):329-340.
[7]戴金星,倪云燕,吴小奇.中国致密砂岩气及在勘探开发上的重要意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):257-264.Dai Jinxing,Ni Yunyan,Wu Xiaoqi.Tight gas in China and its significance in exploration and exploitation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):257-264.
[8]高瑞祺,蔡希源.松辽盆地油气田形成条件与分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:104-180.Gao Ruiqi,Cai Xiyuan.Petroleum formation and occurrence in the Songliao Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:104-180.
[9]黄文彪,邓守伟,卢双舫,等.松辽盆地南部扶余油层致密储层成岩序列及成藏期次[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(3):508-516.Huang Wenbiao,Deng Shouwei,Lu Shuangfang,et al.Diagenetic sequence and hydrocarbon accumulation phases of the Fuyu layer tight reservoir in the southern Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(3):508-516.
[10]佟斯琴,李斌,罗群,等.松辽盆地古龙南凹陷葡萄花油层储层单砂层沉积微相研究及有利砂体预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(4):517-525.Tong Siqin,Li Bin,Luo Qun,et al.Single-sandstone-layer sedimentary microfacies and favorable sandbody prediction of Putaohua reservoir in south Gulong sag,Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(4):517-525.
[11]雷裕红,罗晓容,潘坚,等.大庆油田西部地区姚一段油气成藏动力学过程模拟[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):204-210.Lei Yuhong,Luo Xiaorong,Pan Jian,et al.Simulation on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation dynamics of the first member of Yaojia Formation in the west of Daqing Oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):204-210.
[12]Fic J,Pedersen P K.Reservoir characterization of a“tight”oil reservoir,the middle jurassic upper Shaunavon member in the Whitemud and Eastbrook pools,SW Saskatchewan[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,44:41-59.
[13]Storker T M,Harris N B,Elliott W C,et al.Diagenesis of a tight gas sand reservoir:Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group,Piceance Basin,Colorado[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,40:48-68.
[14]李剑,姜晓华,王秀芹,等.裂谷盆地致密砂岩气成藏机制与富集规律——以松辽盆地与渤海湾盆地为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(6):1005-1018.Li Jian,Jiang Xiaohua,Wang Xiuqin,et al.Mechanisms for gas accumulation and enrichment in tight sandstone reservoir in rift basins:Cases from the Songliao Basin and the Bohai Bay[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(6):1005-1018.
[15]罗静兰,刘新社,付晓燕,等.岩石学组成及其成岩演化过程对致密砂岩储集质量与产能的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界盒8天然气储层为例[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2014,39(5):537-545.Luo Jinglan,Liu Xinshe,Fu Xiaoyan,et al.Impact of petrologic components and their diagenetic evolution on tight sandstone reservoir quality and gas yield:A case study from He 8 gas-bearing reservoir of upper paleozoic in northern Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(5):537-545.
[16]刘宗堡,宗寿魁,姜崇,等.凹陷向斜区油气滞留成因机制及成藏模式——以松辽盆地古龙向斜葡萄花油层为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(1):128-138.Liu Zongbao,Zong Shoukui,Jiang Chong,et al.Hydrocarbon retention mechanism and accumulation model of syncline area in depression:as Putaohua reservoir in Gulong syncline,Songliao Basin[J].Journal of China University Mining&Technology,2015,44(1):128-138.
[17]马中振,戴国威,盛晓峰,等.松辽盆地北部连续型致密砂岩油藏的认识及其地质意义[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):221-229.Ma Zhongzhen,Dai Guowei,Sheng Xiaofeng,et al.Tight sand oil reservoir of continuous type in northern Songliao Basin and its geological significance[J].Journal of China University Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):221-229.
[18]应凤祥,何东博,龙玉梅,等.碎屑岩成岩阶段划分(SY/T5477-2003)[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Ying Fengxiang,He Dongbo,Long Yumei,et al.Division of clastic diagenetic Stage(SY/T5477-2003)[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[19]孟元林,胡安文,乔德武,等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层区域成岩规律和成岩作用对致密储层含气性的控制[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):325-334.Meng Yuanlin,Hu Anwen,Qiao Dewu,et al.Regional diagenetic law and control of diagenesis over gas-bearing capacity of tight reservoirs in deep Xujiaweizi fault depression,Songliao Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):325-334.
[20]操应长,葸克来,王艳忠,等.冀中坳陷廊固凹陷河西务构造带古近系沙河街组四段储集层孔隙度演化定量研究[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):593-604.Cao Yingchang,Xi Kelai,Wang Yanzhong,et al.Quantitative research on porosity evolution of reservoirs in the member 4 of paleogene Shahejie Formation in Hexiwu structural zone of Langgu sag,Jizhong depression[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):593-604.
[21]Beard D C,Weyl P K.Influence of texture on porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57(2):349-369.
[22]Scherer M.Parameters influencing porosity in sandstones:A model for sandstone porosity prediction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(5):485-491.
[23]王瑞飞,陈明强.储层沉积-成岩过程中孔隙度参数演化的定量分析:以鄂尔多斯盆地沿25区块、庄40区块为例[J].地质学报,2007,81(10):1432-1440.Wang Ruifei,Chen Mingqiang.Quantitative analysis of porosity evolution during the reservoir sedimentation diagenesis:Taking the Yan 25and Zhuang 40 areas in the Ordos Basin as examples[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2007,81(10):1432-1440.
[24]李易霖,张云峰,尹淑丽,等.致密砂岩储集空间多尺度表征——以松辽盆地齐家地区高台子油层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):915-922.Li Yilin,Zhang Yunfeng,Yin Shuli,et al.Characterization of the pore space in tight sandstone reservoirs from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives:A case study of Gaotaizi reservoir in Qijia area,the Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):915-922.
[25]侯启军,冯子辉,邹玉良.松辽盆地齐家-古龙凹陷油气成藏期次研究[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(4):390-394.Hou Qian,Feng Zhihui,Zou Yuliang.Study on the pool forming periods of oil and gas in Qijia-Gulong sag in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2005,27(4):390-394.