陆相泥页岩层系岩相特征与页岩油富集条件——以松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组一段富有机质泥页岩为例
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摘要
以松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组一段富有机质页岩为例,对细粒碎屑湖盆页岩的岩石学特征、岩相类型、孔径分布及其与页岩油富集的关系进行研究。结果表明,岩相的空间变化受米兰科维奇旋回控制和沉积物源影响,具有明显的序列性;按照"有机质丰度-岩石沉积构造-矿物组成"分类标准,将青一段划出7类岩相。其中,中等有机质含量纹层状长英质泥岩相具有较好的生烃潜力,储集空间发育,为原地滞留基质型页岩油的优势岩相。在异常高压的背景下,发育于SSC2旋回顶面—SSC3旋回底面的中等有机质含量纹层状长英质泥岩相在三角洲—湖相沉积区横向分布稳定,连续厚度大于30 m,并具有这2期旋回中部发育的高有机质含量块状长英质泥岩相和中等有机质含量块状长英质泥岩相作为顶、底板封盖,具备形成基质型页岩油的有利条件。
Taking organic-rich shale in the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag, northern Songliao Basin as an example, this study examined the lithofacies classification, petrological characteristics, pore size distribution and their implications on the enrichment of shale oil of lacustrine detrital fine-grained shale. The spatial variation of lithofacies, controlled by Milankovitch cycle and influenced by sediment provenance, has an obvious sequence. The fine-grained sedimentary rocks of studied section could be classified into seven lithofacies according to a three-step classification criterion that consists of total organic carbon(TOC), sedimentary structure and mineral composition. Among them, the laminated siliceous mudstone lithofacies with moderate TOChas high hydrocarbon generation potential and abundant reservoir space, making it the most favorable lithofacies for the enrichment of matrix shale oil. Under the background of abnormally high pressure, the laminated siliceous mudstone lithofacies with moderate TOC deposited between the top of SSC2 and the bottom of SSC3 is stable in lateral distribution in the delta-lacustrine transition zone, with continuous thickness greater than 30 m. The massive siliceous mudstone lithofacies with high and moderate TOC developed in the middle of the these two cycles can act as the roof and floor seal for shale oil, therefore, the study area has good conditions for forming matrix type shale oil reservoirs.
Taking organic-rich shale in the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag, northern Songliao Basin as an example, this study examined the lithofacies classification, petrological characteristics, pore size distribution and their implications on the enrichment of shale oil of lacustrine detrital fine-grained shale. The spatial variation of lithofacies, controlled by Milankovitch cycle and influenced by sediment provenance, has an obvious sequence. The fine-grained sedimentary rocks of studied section could be classified into seven lithofacies according to a three-step classification criterion that consists of total organic carbon(TOC), sedimentary structure and mineral composition. Among them, the laminated siliceous mudstone lithofacies with moderate TOChas high hydrocarbon generation potential and abundant reservoir space, making it the most favorable lithofacies for the enrichment of matrix shale oil. Under the background of abnormally high pressure, the laminated siliceous mudstone lithofacies with moderate TOC deposited between the top of SSC2 and the bottom of SSC3 is stable in lateral distribution in the delta-lacustrine transition zone, with continuous thickness greater than 30 m. The massive siliceous mudstone lithofacies with high and moderate TOC developed in the middle of the these two cycles can act as the roof and floor seal for shale oil, therefore, the study area has good conditions for forming matrix type shale oil reservoirs.
引文
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[2]张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩油分类与评价[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):322-331.ZHANG Jinchuan,LIN Lamei,LI Yuxi,et al.Classification and evaluation of shale oil[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):322-331.
[3]柳波,吕延防,冉清昌,等.松辽盆地北部青山口组页岩油形成地质条件及勘探潜力[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):280-285.LIU Bo,LYU Yanfang,RAN Qingchang,et al.Geological conditions and exploration potential of shale oil in Qingshankou Formation,Northern Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):280-285.
[4]高瑞祺.泥岩异常高压带油气的生成排出特征与泥岩裂缝油气藏的形成[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1984,3(1):160-167.GAO Ruiqi.Characteristics of petroleum generation and expulsion in abnormal pressure shale zones and the formation of fractured shale reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,1984,3(1):160-167.
[5]王飞宇,冯伟平,关晶,等.湖相致密油资源地球化学评价技术和应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(2):388-397.WANG Feiyu,FENG Weiping,GUAN Jing,et al.Geochemical assessment of lacustrine tight oil and application[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(2):388-397.
[6]ALLIX P,BURNHAM A,FOWLER T,et al.Coaxing oil from shale[J].Oilfield Review,2010,22(4):4-15.
[7]LAZAR O R,BOHACS K M,MACQUAKER J H,et al.Capturing key attributes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in outcrops,cores,and thin sections:Nomenclature and description guidelines[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2015,85(3):230-246.
[8]王贵文,徐敬领,杨宁,等.小波分频分析法在沉积层序划分及等时对比中的应用[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(1):70-77.WANG Guiwen,XU Jingling,YANG Ning,et al.Using wavelet frequency analysis to divide sedimentary sequence cycles and isochronous correlation[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2013,19(1):70-77.
[9]李霞,范宜仁,杨立伟,等.测井曲线小波变换特性在层序地层划分中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(4):112-115.LI Xia,FAN Yiren,YANG Liwei,et al.Application of wavelet inversion characteristics of logging curve in the classification of sequence stratigraphy[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2006,25(4):112-115.
[10]BERGER A L,LOUTRE M F,DEHANT V.Pre-quaternary milankovitch frequencies[J].Nature,1989,342(6246):133.
[11]柳波,吕延防,孟元林,等.湖相纹层状细粒岩特征、成因模式及其页岩油意义:以三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):598-607.LIU Bo,LYU Yanfang,MENG Yuanlin,et al.Petrologic characteristics and genetic model of lacustrine lamellar fine-grained rock and its significance for shale oil exploration:A case study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Malang sag,Santanghu Basin,NWChina[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):598-607.
[12]ZHU X M,ZENG H L,LI S L,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and seismic geomorphologic responses of a shallow-water delta in the Qingshankou Formation from the Songliao Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,79:131-148.
[13]ROUQUEROL J,AVNIR D,FAIRBRIDGE C W,et al.Recommendations for the characterization of porous solids[J].Pure and Applied Chemistry,1994,66(8):1739-1758.
[14]谢晓永,唐洪明,王春华,等.氮气吸附法和压汞法在测试泥页岩孔径分布中的对比[J].天然气工业,2006,26(12):100-102.XIE Xiaoyong,TANG Hongming,WANG Chunhua,et al.Contrast of nitrogen adsorption method and mercury porosimetry method in analysis of shales pore size distribution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(12):100-102.
[15]阎东启,柳波,贾梦成,等.高有机质丰度泥岩压实的计算误区及定量校正方法[J].断块油气田,2018,25(1):29-33.YAN Dongqi,LIU Bo,JIA Mengcheng,et al.Misunderstandings of high organic matter abundance mudstone compaction and quantitative correction methods[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2018,25(1):29-33.
[16]赵靖舟,李军,徐泽阳.沉积盆地超压成因研究进展[J].石油学报,2017,38(9):973-998.ZHAO Jingzhou,LI Jun,XU Zeyang.Advances in the origin of overpressures in sedimentary basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(9):973-998.
[17]邹才能,丁云宏,卢拥军,等.“人工油气藏”理论、技术及实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):144-154.ZOU Caineng,DING Yunhong,LU Yongjun,et al.Concept,technology and practice of“man-made reservoirs”development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):144-154.
[18]赵贤正,周立宏,蒲秀刚,等.陆相湖盆页岩层系基本地质特征与页岩油勘探突破:以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组二段一亚段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(3):361-372.ZHAO Xianzheng,ZHOU Lihong,PU Xiugang,et al.Geological characteristics of shale rock system and shale oil exploration in a lacustrine basin:A case study from the Paleogene 1st sub-member of Kong 2 Member in Cangdong sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(3):361-372.
[19]郭彤楼.中国式页岩气关键地质问题与成藏富集主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):317-326.GUO Tonglou.Key geological issues and main controls on accumulation and enrichment of Chinese shale gas[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):317-326.
[20]柳波,何佳,吕延防,等.页岩油资源评价指标与方法:以松辽盆地北部青山口组页岩油为例[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(11):3846-3852.LIU Bo,HE Jia,LYU Yanfang,et al.Parameters and method for shale oil assessment:Taking Qingshankou Formation shale oil of Northern Songliao Basin[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(11):3846-3852.