航天器非火工连接分离技术研究综述
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摘要
针对工程上对低冲击非火工连接分离技术的需求,以载人航天及未来深空探测任务需求为牵引,梳理了国内外航天器非火工连接分离技术的研究进展,从电磁作动、形状记忆合金、热致动等分类角度,分别对其技术实现途径、作动机理、性能指标、参数情况等进行了评述。对国内外研究差距进行了对比分析,总结了我国航天器非火工连接分离技术领域亟需攻关的关键技术,包括航天器大承载连接分离的系统方案设计、分离解锁冲击载荷的减缓与防护技术、连接与分离过程动力学建模与仿真技术和非火工连接分离装置地面试验验证技术等。
With the development of space technology,the complexity of spacecraft is increasing and more connection and separation devices are employed. There exists a great demand for non-pyrotechnic and low impact connection and separation technology. In this paper,considering the requirements of the current human space program and the future human deep space exploration mission,the research progresses of non-pyrotechnic connection and separation technologies in spacecraft at home and abroad were systematically reviewed and summarized. In addition,the technical implementation approach,the working mechanism,the performance index and parameters were introduced and analyzed for the electromagnetic driven,shape memory alloy and thermal actuated devices. In the end,the research gap in the non-pyrotechnic and low impact connection and separation technology between China and abroad was analyzed and the key technologies need to be researched in China were summarized including the design of system scheme for separation of large load connections,the mitigation and protection technology of impact load,the dynamics model and simulation of the separation processing,and the ground validation test etc.
With the development of space technology,the complexity of spacecraft is increasing and more connection and separation devices are employed. There exists a great demand for non-pyrotechnic and low impact connection and separation technology. In this paper,considering the requirements of the current human space program and the future human deep space exploration mission,the research progresses of non-pyrotechnic connection and separation technologies in spacecraft at home and abroad were systematically reviewed and summarized. In addition,the technical implementation approach,the working mechanism,the performance index and parameters were introduced and analyzed for the electromagnetic driven,shape memory alloy and thermal actuated devices. In the end,the research gap in the non-pyrotechnic and low impact connection and separation technology between China and abroad was analyzed and the key technologies need to be researched in China were summarized including the design of system scheme for separation of large load connections,the mitigation and protection technology of impact load,the dynamics model and simulation of the separation processing,and the ground validation test etc.
引文
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[18]Mckinnis D N.Fastening apparatus having shape memory alloy actuator:US 5160233A[P].1992.
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[20]Busch J D,Bokaie M D.Implementation of heaters on thermally actuated spacecraft mechanisms[C]//28thAerospace Mechanisms Symposium,1994.
[21]Dowen D,Christiansen S,Peffer A.Development of a reusable,low shock clamp band separation system for small spacecraft release applications[C]//15thAnnual Conference on Small Satellites,2001:259-264.
[22]Luciano G,Galet G.Space mechanism actuated by a shape memory alloy component[C]//6thEuropean Space Mechanisms and Tribology Symposium,1995:221-225.
[23]Christiansen S,Tibbitts S,Dowen D.Fast acting non-pyrotechnic 10kN separation nut[C]//8thEuropean Space Mechanisms and Tribology Symposium,1999:323-327.
[24]Vázquez J,Bueno J I.Non explosive low shock reusable 20kNhold-down release actuator[C]//the 9th European Space Mechanisms and Tribology Symposium,2001:480-485.
[25]Tuszynski A.Alternatives to pyrotechnics-nitinol release mechanisms[C]//the 36thAerospace Mechanisms Symposium,2002:137-139.
[26]Lee M S,Jo J U,Tak W J,et al.Shape memory alloy(SMA)based non-explosive separation actuator(NEA)with a redundant function[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2011,12(3):569-572.
[27]Tak W,Lee M,Kim B.Ultimate load and release time controllable non-explosive separation device using a shape memory alloy actuator[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2011,25(5):1141-1147.
[28]Gummin M A,Donakowski W,Gaines G A.Shape memory alloy actuator:US7021055[P].2006.
[29]Yoo Y I,Jeong J W,Lim J H,et al.Development of a nonexplosive release actuator using shape memory alloy wire[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2013,84(1):015005.
[30]Webster R G.No-shock Separation Mechanism:US5248233[P].1993.
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[33]姜水清.热刀式压紧释放装置研究[D].北京:中国空间技术研究院,2006.Jiang S Q.Research on Thermal Knife Type Pressing and Releasing Device[D].Beijing:China Institute of Space Technology,2006.(in Chinese)
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[35]Dowen D E.Design and implementation of a paraffin based micropositioning actuator[C]//SPIE.1997,3132:127-134.
[36]Lees J,Schaefer E D.Design and testing of the crisp tracking mirror cover and release mechanism[C]//the 36thAerospace Mechanisms Symposium,2002:63-76.
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