煤炭资源型城市大气环境污染损失核算研究
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摘要
针对阜新市煤炭开采和环境污染现状,在借鉴环境经济学中环境价值核算方法的基础上,提出用实物量和价值量分别计算的大气污染核算方法。结合人力资本法和市场价值法等环境价值评价方法,对阜新市2010年煤炭开采造成的大气环境污染损失进行货币核算。结果表明,2010年阜新煤炭开采造成大气环境污染损失约12.660亿元,折合吨煤损失约80.09元。其中,人体健康损失最多,约占总损失的65.63%。由于所采用的某些计算方法本身具有不确定性,该计算结果只作为损失上限的参考值,未来的研究可以尝试建立配套的评估体系。
The present article is inclined to introduce an improved method for calculating the atmospheric environmental damage due to the pollution in the coal-mining resource cities by taking Fuxin city as our case study.As to the methods for calculating environmental values in the environmental economics,it is of great necessity to mention the functional relationship among the physical quantity of loss,the value quantity of loss due to the pollution the coal production brings about to the environment.In order to calculate the economic loss caused by the atmospheric environmental pollution,we have prepared an equation and calculation method by joining the environmental value evaluation methods,such as human capital approach and the market value law,the economic loss caused by the atmospheric environmental pollution derived from the coal exploitation of the city in terms of currency.In order to analyze and evaluate the actualities of the atmospheric environmental quality loss and existing problems generated from coal mining quantitatively and qualitatively,this article put forward the calculation method by accounting the physical quantity and value quantity respectively.Such calculation can provide reference to the construction of ecological compensation and ecological regionalization.The calculation result of ours shows:the atmospheric environmental pollution loss caused by coal exploitation in the city in 2010 was about 1.266 billion Yuan,amounting to 80.09 Yuan loss for per metric ton coal,in which the cost of human health is thought of 65.63% of the total loss,which is regarded as the biggest loss.Since the regions involved and evaluated are difficult to conform with the natural ecological environment remands,the population scale and socioeconomic development situation when they are evaluated with the end-results checking method,the accounting results of this article can only be treated as a reference to the upper limit.The uncertainty of the accounting per se shall demand future research work to try to build up a coordinative assessment system and probe into the problem on how to deal with the value compensation for the atmospheric environment pollution.
The present article is inclined to introduce an improved method for calculating the atmospheric environmental damage due to the pollution in the coal-mining resource cities by taking Fuxin city as our case study.As to the methods for calculating environmental values in the environmental economics,it is of great necessity to mention the functional relationship among the physical quantity of loss,the value quantity of loss due to the pollution the coal production brings about to the environment.In order to calculate the economic loss caused by the atmospheric environmental pollution,we have prepared an equation and calculation method by joining the environmental value evaluation methods,such as human capital approach and the market value law,the economic loss caused by the atmospheric environmental pollution derived from the coal exploitation of the city in terms of currency.In order to analyze and evaluate the actualities of the atmospheric environmental quality loss and existing problems generated from coal mining quantitatively and qualitatively,this article put forward the calculation method by accounting the physical quantity and value quantity respectively.Such calculation can provide reference to the construction of ecological compensation and ecological regionalization.The calculation result of ours shows:the atmospheric environmental pollution loss caused by coal exploitation in the city in 2010 was about 1.266 billion Yuan,amounting to 80.09 Yuan loss for per metric ton coal,in which the cost of human health is thought of 65.63% of the total loss,which is regarded as the biggest loss.Since the regions involved and evaluated are difficult to conform with the natural ecological environment remands,the population scale and socioeconomic development situation when they are evaluated with the end-results checking method,the accounting results of this article can only be treated as a reference to the upper limit.The uncertainty of the accounting per se shall demand future research work to try to build up a coordinative assessment system and probe into the problem on how to deal with the value compensation for the atmospheric environment pollution.
引文
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[19]ZHU Lei(朱蕾),WENGManrong(翁曼容),ZHANG Zhifeng(张志凤),et al.The retrospective analysis of death causes of asthma pa-tients[J].Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine(中国呼吸与危重监护杂志),2004,3(1):34-36.
[20]LIU Hhui(刘辉),ZHAO Lijun(赵立军),MA Yuxia(马玉霞).Analysis oflung cancer death ofFuxin residents from 1991 to 2005[J].ChineseJournal of Public Health(中国公共卫生),2007,23(5):522-523.
[21]YANGLing(杨玲),LI Liandi(李连弟),CHEN Yude(陈育德),Donald maxwell parkin.mortality time trends and the incidence andmortality estimation and projection for lung cancer in China[J].Chi-nese Journal ofLung Cancer(中国肺癌杂志),2005,8(4):274-277.
[22]LIU Hui(刘辉),ZHAO Lijun(赵丽军).Analysis of death reason ofurban residents in Fuxin in 2010[J].China Health Care&Nutrition(中国保健营养.临床医学学刊),2011,11.
[23]GUO Xiaomin(过孝民),WANG Jinnan(王金南),YU Fang(於方).Problems and perspectives of ecological environment loss accounts[J].Environmental Economy(环境经济杂志),2004,8(8):34-40.
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[25]ZHANGLinbo(张林波),CAO Hongfa(曹洪法),SHEN Yingwa(沈英娃).Effect of acidic deposition on agriculture of Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Fujian,Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi provinces—assessment ofagricultural loss[J].China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),1997,17(6):489-491.
[26]CAO Hongfa(曹洪法),SHU Jianmin(舒俭民),LIU Yanyun(刘燕云).Study on economic loss of crops by acid precipitation in Guang-dong province and Guangxi autinomous region,China[J].Research ofEnvironmental Sciences(环境科学研究),1991,4(1):1-6.
[27]Local Chronicles Office of Fuxin Government(阜新市人民政府地方志办公室).Fuxin almanac(阜新年鉴)[M].Beijing:China Lit-erature and History Press,2011.
[28]MA Lianxiang(马连祥),ZHOU Dingguo(周定国),XU Kuiwu(徐魁梧).The influence of acidic precipitation on tree growth and woodproperties[J].World Forestry Research(世界林业研究),2000,13(1):27-31.
[29]WANG Yitian(王义田).Initial analysis on the status of forest re-sources and transformation ways of inferiority forest in fuxin[J].Jour-nal of Liaoning Forestry Science&Technology(辽宁林业科技),1993,1(2):23-33.
[30]TANGHongshou(唐鸿寿),AOKIM,TOTSUKAT.Relationship be-tween S02 exposure mode and Chinese pine growth[J].EnvironmentalScience(环境科学),2005,26(1):38-41.
[2]ZHAO Xuli(赵旭丽).Research progress of environment value accounts[J].Group Economy(集团经济研究),2006,12(124):253.
[3]WANG Wei(王炜),BU Weina(步伟娜),JI Jianghai(纪江海).Study on ecological function division of resourceful city:a case inJiaozuo[J].Journal ofNatural Resources(自然资源学报),2005,20(1):78-84.
[4]Resrarch Group of Sustainable Development Strategies of ManagementCenterwhich is subordinate to“The21st AgendaofChina”(中国21世纪议程管理中心可持续发展战略研究组).Development base:foundation evaluation of resources and ecology of sustainable developmentin China(中国可持续发展的资源、生态基础评价)[M].Beijng:Chinese Social Sciences Press,2004:132-135.
[5]LIU Nianfeng(刘年丰).Evaluation of ecological capacity and eEnvi-ronment value loss(生态容量及环境价值损失评价)[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[6]FREEMAN IIIM,HERRIGES J A,KLING C L.The measurement ofenvironmental and resources values:theory and methods[M].Washing-ton D C:Resources for the Future Press,1993.
[7]WANG Zhihong(王志宏).Environmental economics(环境经济学)[M].Shenyang:Northeastern University Press,2005.
[8]LI Keguo(李克国),WEI Guoyin(魏国印),ZHANG Baoan(张宝安).Environmental economics(环境经济学)[M].Beijing:ChinaEnvironmental Science Press,2008.
[9]SCOOT J,CALLAN J M T.Environmental economics and management(环境经济学与环境管理)[M].LI Jianmin(李建民),YAO Con-grong(姚从容),tran.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2006.
[10]CHEN Gang(陈刚).Air quality assessment in Energy cities[J].En-vironmentalScience and Technology(环境科学与技术),2005,28(B12):89-90.
[11]DANG Jinhua(党晋华),JIA Caixia(贾彩霞),XU Tao(徐涛).Study of environmental damage accounting by coal mining activities inShanxi province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences(环境科学研究),2007,20(4):155-160.
[12]China Meteorological Administration(中国气象局).Service standardof acid rain observation(酸雨观测业务规范)[M].Beijing:ChinaMeteorological Press,2005.
[13]Fuxin Environmental Monitoring Center(阜新市环境监测中心).Fuxin environmental quality reportfrom2006to2010(阜新市环境质量报告书2006—2010)[M].Fuxin:Xinhua Press,2011.
[14]ZHENGLixin(郑礼新),ZHANG Shaoli(张少丽),CHEN Lingling(陈玲玲).Analysis of acid rain conditions in Xiamen during recent15years[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences(安徽农业科学),2008,36(31):13764-13765.
[15]Local Chronicles Office of Fuxin Government(阜新市人民政府地方志办公室).Fuxin almanac(阜新年鉴)[M].Beijing:China Lit-erature and History Press,2011.
[16]SHEN Guoan(沈国安).Pathological quantitative diagnosis of coalworkers with emphysema,pneumoconiosis and chronic bronchitis[J].Journal ofPreventiveMedicine Information(预防医学情报),1985,1(1):66-67.
[17]HUO Jianwei(霍健伟),LI Baoping(李宝平),ZENG Qingyu(曾庆玉).Analysis ofdeath causes of853 cases of coalworkers’pneumoco-niosis[J].Occup andHealth(职业与健康),2009,25(1):24-26.
[18]XIE Feng(谢峰),LU Shiyong(卢世勇),YANGFengzhu(杨凤珠).Analysis of invasion causes of coal workers’pneumoconiosis ofNingxiain1996-2007[J].Journal ofNingxiaMedical University(宁夏医科大学学报),2009,31(4):401-493.
[19]ZHU Lei(朱蕾),WENGManrong(翁曼容),ZHANG Zhifeng(张志凤),et al.The retrospective analysis of death causes of asthma pa-tients[J].Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine(中国呼吸与危重监护杂志),2004,3(1):34-36.
[20]LIU Hhui(刘辉),ZHAO Lijun(赵立军),MA Yuxia(马玉霞).Analysis oflung cancer death ofFuxin residents from 1991 to 2005[J].ChineseJournal of Public Health(中国公共卫生),2007,23(5):522-523.
[21]YANGLing(杨玲),LI Liandi(李连弟),CHEN Yude(陈育德),Donald maxwell parkin.mortality time trends and the incidence andmortality estimation and projection for lung cancer in China[J].Chi-nese Journal ofLung Cancer(中国肺癌杂志),2005,8(4):274-277.
[22]LIU Hui(刘辉),ZHAO Lijun(赵丽军).Analysis of death reason ofurban residents in Fuxin in 2010[J].China Health Care&Nutrition(中国保健营养.临床医学学刊),2011,11.
[23]GUO Xiaomin(过孝民),WANG Jinnan(王金南),YU Fang(於方).Problems and perspectives of ecological environment loss accounts[J].Environmental Economy(环境经济杂志),2004,8(8):34-40.
[24]Asian Development Bank(亚洲开发银行).Economic assessment ofenvironmental impact(环境影响的经济评价)[M].Beijing:ChinaRenmin University Press,1996.
[25]ZHANGLinbo(张林波),CAO Hongfa(曹洪法),SHEN Yingwa(沈英娃).Effect of acidic deposition on agriculture of Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Fujian,Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi provinces—assessment ofagricultural loss[J].China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),1997,17(6):489-491.
[26]CAO Hongfa(曹洪法),SHU Jianmin(舒俭民),LIU Yanyun(刘燕云).Study on economic loss of crops by acid precipitation in Guang-dong province and Guangxi autinomous region,China[J].Research ofEnvironmental Sciences(环境科学研究),1991,4(1):1-6.
[27]Local Chronicles Office of Fuxin Government(阜新市人民政府地方志办公室).Fuxin almanac(阜新年鉴)[M].Beijing:China Lit-erature and History Press,2011.
[28]MA Lianxiang(马连祥),ZHOU Dingguo(周定国),XU Kuiwu(徐魁梧).The influence of acidic precipitation on tree growth and woodproperties[J].World Forestry Research(世界林业研究),2000,13(1):27-31.
[29]WANG Yitian(王义田).Initial analysis on the status of forest re-sources and transformation ways of inferiority forest in fuxin[J].Jour-nal of Liaoning Forestry Science&Technology(辽宁林业科技),1993,1(2):23-33.
[30]TANGHongshou(唐鸿寿),AOKIM,TOTSUKAT.Relationship be-tween S02 exposure mode and Chinese pine growth[J].EnvironmentalScience(环境科学),2005,26(1):38-41.