基于“完整街区”理念的历史街区生态更新研究——以美国四个历史街区为例
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摘要
美国完整街区政策作为生态城市在街区尺度上的理论指导及空间实践,与衰落的城市中心的历史街区完美耦合,从而成为推动历史街区生态更新的重要手段。选取美国波特兰珍珠区、西雅图先锋广场、匹兹堡奥克兰区和波士顿本肯山区4处历史街区,通过实地调研、对比分析、数据处理等手段,探讨生态更新政策从城市尺度向街区尺度演进的方法,以及从理论框架向空间实践迈进的策略。在空间实践策略中,探究完整街区理念与历史街区在结构、网络、生态、活力方面整合与发展的方法,以达到"生态历史街区"的目标。
The concept of "complete streets" as a block-scale notion and spatial practice of ecological city perfectly triggers the ecological re-creation of obsolete historic districts in city center in USA. By field researching, data analyzing, comparing and combining the cases study of the Pearl District in Portland, OR, the Pioneer Square Historic District in Seattle, WA, Oakland District in Pittsburgh, PA and Beacon Hill Historic District in Boston, MA, the authors explore the promotion from city-scale ecological policy to block scale, from the theoretical framework to the spatial practice, so that the complete streets concept and the structure, network, ecology and vitality of historic district can integrate, in order to achieve the goal of ecological historic district, i.e., eco-historic district.
The concept of "complete streets" as a block-scale notion and spatial practice of ecological city perfectly triggers the ecological re-creation of obsolete historic districts in city center in USA. By field researching, data analyzing, comparing and combining the cases study of the Pearl District in Portland, OR, the Pioneer Square Historic District in Seattle, WA, Oakland District in Pittsburgh, PA and Beacon Hill Historic District in Boston, MA, the authors explore the promotion from city-scale ecological policy to block scale, from the theoretical framework to the spatial practice, so that the complete streets concept and the structure, network, ecology and vitality of historic district can integrate, in order to achieve the goal of ecological historic district, i.e., eco-historic district.
引文
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[2]UNESCO,Sustainable Development Goals.Culture Urban Future:Global Report on Culture for Sustainable Urban Development[R].Paris:UNESCO,2016.
[3]McCann B,Rynne S.Complete the streets[J].Planning,2005,71(5):18-23.
[4]National Complete Streets Association.The Best Complete Streets Policies of 2016[R].Smart Growth America,2017.
[5]Rob P,Christine B.The Oakland 2025 Master Plan:A vision for sustainable living and mobility[R].City of Pittsburgh Advisory Commission on Community Based Organizations,2012.
[6]Beacon Hill Civic Association.Working together for the Future:A plan for the neighborhood[R].Beacon Hill Civic Association,2013.
[7]Douglas F.可持续城市化:城市设计结合自然[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[8](日)芦原义信,尹培桐.街道的美学[M].天津:百花文艺出版社,2006.
[9]National Association of City Transportation Officials.Urban Street Design Guide[M].Washington,D.C.:Island Press/Center for Resource Economics,2013.
[10]The Seattle Department of Transportation.Seattle bicycle master plan(2015-2019)[R].The Seattle Department of Transportation,2015.
[11]Matin W.Go Boston 2030:Vision and action plan[R].Boston Transportation Department,2017.
[12]Greg N.The Blue Ring connecting places:100-year vision[R].Seattle City Design,2002.
[13]宫聪,吴祥艳,胡长涓.城市空地转变为绿色基础设施的系统性规划方法研究:以美国里士满为例[J].中国园林,2017,33(5):74-79.
[14]王如松.生态整合与文明发展[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):1-11.