复杂山前带地震勘探采集技术的实践与认识
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摘要
复杂山前带具有复杂近地表和复杂构造的"双复杂"特征,地震资料品质普遍较差,单炮记录信噪比低,剖面成像效果不理想。针对南方和西部复杂山前带的地震地质条件、勘探难点和资料特点,经过十多年系统的地震采集技术攻关研究和资料采集实践,逐渐形成了一套适合复杂山前带地震资料采集的技术方法系列,即基于"双复杂"模型和"遥感技术、地理信息系统、全球定位系统"(即"3S")的观测系统设计论证、炮检点优化与变观施工,精细的近地表结构调查与建模技术,井炮与可控震源联合激发技术,特殊地表检波器耦合技术和基于干扰波特点的检波器组合压噪技术。在中国西部和南方复杂山前带地区采用以上技术方法使地震资料品质得到明显改善,证明这套方法是切实可行和有效的。
Complicated foothill area is characterized by complex near surface conditions and complex subsurface structures(so-called "dual-complex"),which leads to poor seismic data and low S/N as well as non-ideal seismic imaging.According to the seismic & geological conditions,seismic exploration difficulties and seismic data characteristics in the Southern and Western complicated foothill area,a series of techniques and methods for the seismic acquisition in the area was formed in last ten years.The technology series includes the evaluation of geometry design and optimization of shot and geophone locations and variable-geometry operation based on the "dual-complex" model and "3S"(Remote Sensing,Geographic Information System,Global Positioning System) technique,detailed near surface structure investigation and modeling technique,shot and vibroseis joint shooting method,geophone coupling technology for special surface conditions,and noise suppression technique by using geophone array according to the characteristics of interference wave.The technology series was applied in foothill areas at Southern and Western china,and the seismic data quality was obviously improved,which showed its feasibility and effectiveness.
Complicated foothill area is characterized by complex near surface conditions and complex subsurface structures(so-called "dual-complex"),which leads to poor seismic data and low S/N as well as non-ideal seismic imaging.According to the seismic & geological conditions,seismic exploration difficulties and seismic data characteristics in the Southern and Western complicated foothill area,a series of techniques and methods for the seismic acquisition in the area was formed in last ten years.The technology series includes the evaluation of geometry design and optimization of shot and geophone locations and variable-geometry operation based on the "dual-complex" model and "3S"(Remote Sensing,Geographic Information System,Global Positioning System) technique,detailed near surface structure investigation and modeling technique,shot and vibroseis joint shooting method,geophone coupling technology for special surface conditions,and noise suppression technique by using geophone array according to the characteristics of interference wave.The technology series was applied in foothill areas at Southern and Western china,and the seismic data quality was obviously improved,which showed its feasibility and effectiveness.
引文
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[9]张付生,贾烈明,王莉.陆上地震激发因素的选择方法探讨[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):149-152Zhang F S,Jia L M,Wang L.Study on selection ofshooting parameters for land seismic data acquisition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(2):149-152
[10]曹务祥.可控震源非线性扫描参数的定量选取[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):242-244Cao W X.Quantitative selection of nonlinear sweepparameters of vibroseis[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2004,43(3):242-244
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[12]吕公河.地震勘探检波器原理和特性及有关问题分析[J].石油物探,2009,48(6):531-543Lv G H.Analysis on principles and performance ofseismic geophone and relevant issues[J].Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(6):531-543
[13]董世学,张春雨.地震检波器的性能与精确地震勘探[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):124-130Dong S X,Zhang C Y.Seismic geophone propertyand precise seismic exploration[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2000,39(2):124-130
[14]魏继东,丁伟.检波器野外组合因素对地震资料品质的影响分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(3):312-318Wei J D,Ding W.Impact analysis of geophone arrayfactors on seismic data quality[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2010,49(3):312-318
[15]赵军国,宋玉龙,魏福吉,等.山前带地震采集技术研究——新疆和田桑株地区采集实例[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):224-228Zhao J G,Song Y L,Wei F J,et al.A case study inSangzhu of Hetian,Xinjiang Autonomous region[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(2):224-228
[16]董云鹏,查显峰,付明庆,等.秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱—冲断推覆构造的特征[J].地质通报,2008,27(9):1493-1508Dong Y P,Zha X F,Fu M Q,et al.Characteristics ofthe Dabashan fold-thrust nappe structure at thesouthern margin of the Qinling[J].Geological Bulle-tin of China,2008,27(9):1493-1508
[17]黄兆辉,张在武,贾正元,等.川东镇巴山地碳酸盐岩地区地震采集方法探讨[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2008,10(2):1-5Huang Z H,Zhang Z W,Jia Z Y,et al.The discus-sion on seismic acquisition methods in the mountaincarbonate rock area of Zhenba area in Eastern Si-chuan[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Sci-ence and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2008,10(2):1-5
[18]敬朋贵,齐中山,肖兰雄,等.米仓-大巴山复杂山前带油气勘探进展与面临的问题研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):107-114Jing P G,Qi Z S,Xiao L X.Exploration progressand confronted problems of complex mountain frontin Micang-Dabashan area[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2011,50(2):107-114
[2]赵殿栋.复杂山前带地震勘探技术研讨会论文集[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:10-66Zhao D D.Seismic exploration technology symposi-um for complex piedmont zone[M].Beijing:GeologyPress,2010:10-66
[3]胡中平,朱成宏,杨贵祥,等.各向异性及复杂构造条件下三维地震采集设计[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(6):397-400Hu Z P,Zhu C H,Yang G X,et al.3-D seismic ac-quisition design in areas of anisotropy and complexstructure[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,28(6):397-400
[4]王进海,唐怡,朱敏,等.复杂近地表结构的再认识[J].天然气工业,2009,29(11):30-33Wang J H,Tang Y,Zhu M,et al.A restudy of com-plex near-sueface structure[J].Natural Gas Indus-try,2009,29(11):30-33
[5]李家康,余钦范.近地表速度的约束层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):135-140Li J K,Yu Q F.Constrained tomographic inversionfor near-surface velocity[J].Oil Geophysical Pros-pecting,2001,36(2):135-140
[6]王咸彬.准噶尔盆地南缘山前带激发因素分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):59-64Wang X B.Discussion on shooting factors in thefoothill in Southern Jungar Busin[J].Progress inExploration Geophysics,2008,31(1):59-64
[7]李林新.南方海相碳酸盐岩油气区地震采集面临的问题和对策[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):529-537Li L X.The problem and countermeasure in seiamicsurvey in southern marine carbonate area of China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):529-537
[8]纪友亮,周勇,王改为,等.下扬子地区古生界海相碳酸盐岩层序地层发育模式及储层预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(5):724-732Ji Y L,Zhou Y,Wang G W,et al.Sequence strati-graphic models and reservoir prediction of the Paleo-zoic marine carbonates in the Lower Yangtze area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(5):724-732
[9]张付生,贾烈明,王莉.陆上地震激发因素的选择方法探讨[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):149-152Zhang F S,Jia L M,Wang L.Study on selection ofshooting parameters for land seismic data acquisition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(2):149-152
[10]曹务祥.可控震源非线性扫描参数的定量选取[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):242-244Cao W X.Quantitative selection of nonlinear sweepparameters of vibroseis[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2004,43(3):242-244
[11]梁运基,李桂林.陆上高分辨率地震勘探检波器性能及参数选择分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(6):640-644Liang Y J,Li G L.The geophone property and pref-erences in land high-resolution seismic survey[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(6):640-644
[12]吕公河.地震勘探检波器原理和特性及有关问题分析[J].石油物探,2009,48(6):531-543Lv G H.Analysis on principles and performance ofseismic geophone and relevant issues[J].Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(6):531-543
[13]董世学,张春雨.地震检波器的性能与精确地震勘探[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):124-130Dong S X,Zhang C Y.Seismic geophone propertyand precise seismic exploration[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2000,39(2):124-130
[14]魏继东,丁伟.检波器野外组合因素对地震资料品质的影响分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(3):312-318Wei J D,Ding W.Impact analysis of geophone arrayfactors on seismic data quality[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2010,49(3):312-318
[15]赵军国,宋玉龙,魏福吉,等.山前带地震采集技术研究——新疆和田桑株地区采集实例[J].石油物探,2003,42(2):224-228Zhao J G,Song Y L,Wei F J,et al.A case study inSangzhu of Hetian,Xinjiang Autonomous region[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(2):224-228
[16]董云鹏,查显峰,付明庆,等.秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱—冲断推覆构造的特征[J].地质通报,2008,27(9):1493-1508Dong Y P,Zha X F,Fu M Q,et al.Characteristics ofthe Dabashan fold-thrust nappe structure at thesouthern margin of the Qinling[J].Geological Bulle-tin of China,2008,27(9):1493-1508
[17]黄兆辉,张在武,贾正元,等.川东镇巴山地碳酸盐岩地区地震采集方法探讨[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2008,10(2):1-5Huang Z H,Zhang Z W,Jia Z Y,et al.The discus-sion on seismic acquisition methods in the mountaincarbonate rock area of Zhenba area in Eastern Si-chuan[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Sci-ence and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2008,10(2):1-5
[18]敬朋贵,齐中山,肖兰雄,等.米仓-大巴山复杂山前带油气勘探进展与面临的问题研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):107-114Jing P G,Qi Z S,Xiao L X.Exploration progressand confronted problems of complex mountain frontin Micang-Dabashan area[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2011,50(2):107-114