6种肉牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率
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摘要
本试验旨在研究黑麦草、牛鞭草、甘薯蔓、玉米秸青贮、玉米秸秆和稻草共6种肉牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质(RUP)的小肠消化率。选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的宣汉阉公牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋技术评定6种粗饲料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)瘤胃降解率,并用改进三步法评价RUP的小肠消化率。结果表明:1)黑麦草和甘薯蔓DM有效降解率较高,并与依次降低的牛鞭草、玉米秸青贮、玉米秸秆和稻草差异显著(P<0.05)。CP有效降解率和ADF有效降解率以黑麦草最高,且与依次降低的甘薯蔓、牛鞭草、玉米秸青贮、玉米秸秆和稻草差异显著(P<0.05)。NDF有效降解率为黑麦草>甘薯蔓>玉米秸青贮>牛鞭草>稻草>玉米秸秆,各粗饲料间差异显著(P<0.05)。2)牛鞭草、玉米秸秆和稻草RUP的小肠消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),并显著高于依次降低的玉米秸青贮、黑麦草和甘薯蔓(P<0.05)。小肠可消化粗蛋白质含量为黑麦草>甘薯蔓>牛鞭草>玉米秸青贮>玉米秸秆>稻草,各粗饲料间差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,不同粗饲料瘤胃降解特性不同,为小肠提供可消化粗蛋白质的潜力也不同。黑麦草的DM、CP、NDF和ADF在瘤胃的有效降解率最高,牛鞭草、玉米秸秆和稻草RUP的小肠消化率较高,黑麦草和甘薯蔓小肠可消化粗蛋白质含量较高。
This experiment was conducted to determine the ruminal degradation characteristics and small intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein( RUP) of 6 kinds of commonly used roughages: ryegrass,hemarthria compressa,sweet potato stem,corn stover silage,corn stover and rice straw. Three Xuanhan steers fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were used. Nylon-bag technique was used to evaluate the ruminal degradability and effective digestibility of dry matter( DM),crude protein( CP),neutral detergent fiber( NDF) and acid detergent fibre( ADF). Modified three-step in vitro method was used to evaluate small intestinal digestibility of RUP of the roughages. The results showed as follows: 1) the DM effective degradability of ryegrass and sweet potato stem was significantly higher than that of hemarthria compressa,corn stover silage,corn stover and rice straw( P<0.05),which were decreased in the above order. CP effective degradability and ADF effective degradability of ryegrass were significantly higher than those of sweet potato stem,hemarthria compressa,corn stover silage,corn stover and rice straw( P<0.05),which were decreased in the above order. NDF effective degradability showed ryegrass > sweet potato stem > corn strawsilage > hemarthria compressa > corn stover > rice straw,and the differences among roughages were significant( P<0.05). 2) The small intestinal digestibility of RUP of hemarthria compressa,corn stover and rice strawwas not significantly different( P >0.05),and was significantly higher than that of corn stover silage,ryegrass and sweet potato stem( P<0.05),which was decreased in the above order. Intestinal digestible CP content of showed ryegrass > sweet potato stem > hemarthria compressa > corn stover silage > corn stover > rice straw,and the differences among roughages were significant( P<0.05). In conclusion,ruminal degradation characteristics of roughages are dissimilar,and the potential that can provide digestible crude protein for small intestine is different. The effective degradability of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of ryegrass is the highest,small intestinal digestibility of RUP of hemarthria compressa,corn stover and rice strawis higher,and ryegrass and sweet potato stem have higher intestinal digestible crude protein content.
This experiment was conducted to determine the ruminal degradation characteristics and small intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein( RUP) of 6 kinds of commonly used roughages: ryegrass,hemarthria compressa,sweet potato stem,corn stover silage,corn stover and rice straw. Three Xuanhan steers fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were used. Nylon-bag technique was used to evaluate the ruminal degradability and effective digestibility of dry matter( DM),crude protein( CP),neutral detergent fiber( NDF) and acid detergent fibre( ADF). Modified three-step in vitro method was used to evaluate small intestinal digestibility of RUP of the roughages. The results showed as follows: 1) the DM effective degradability of ryegrass and sweet potato stem was significantly higher than that of hemarthria compressa,corn stover silage,corn stover and rice straw( P<0.05),which were decreased in the above order. CP effective degradability and ADF effective degradability of ryegrass were significantly higher than those of sweet potato stem,hemarthria compressa,corn stover silage,corn stover and rice straw( P<0.05),which were decreased in the above order. NDF effective degradability showed ryegrass > sweet potato stem > corn strawsilage > hemarthria compressa > corn stover > rice straw,and the differences among roughages were significant( P<0.05). 2) The small intestinal digestibility of RUP of hemarthria compressa,corn stover and rice strawwas not significantly different( P >0.05),and was significantly higher than that of corn stover silage,ryegrass and sweet potato stem( P<0.05),which was decreased in the above order. Intestinal digestible CP content of showed ryegrass > sweet potato stem > hemarthria compressa > corn stover silage > corn stover > rice straw,and the differences among roughages were significant( P<0.05). In conclusion,ruminal degradation characteristics of roughages are dissimilar,and the potential that can provide digestible crude protein for small intestine is different. The effective degradability of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of ryegrass is the highest,small intestinal digestibility of RUP of hemarthria compressa,corn stover and rice strawis higher,and ryegrass and sweet potato stem have higher intestinal digestible crude protein content.
引文
[1]李袁飞,郝建祥,马艳艳,等.体外瘤胃发酵法评定不同类型饲料的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2403-2413.
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[9]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:1212-1235.
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[11]宫福臣,韩梅琳,杨琼,等.菌糠与奶牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性的对比研究[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(6):1366-1374.
[12]RSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[13]颜品勋,冯仰廉,王燕兵,等.青粗饲料通过牛瘤胃外流速度的研究[J].动物营养学报,1994,6(2):20-22.
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[19]夏科,姚庆,李富国,等.奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):769-777.
[20]萨其仍贵.奶牛主要饲料原料纤维物质和蛋白质瘤胃降解特性的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[21]FIGROID W,HALE W H,THEURER B.An evaluation of the nylon bag technique for estimating rumen utilization of grains[J].Journal of Animal Science,1972,35(1):113-120.
[22]CHEMEY D J R,PATTERSON J A,LEMENAGER R P.Influence of in situ bag rinsing technique on determination of dry matter disappearance[J].Journal of Dairy Science 1990,73(2):391-397.
[23]张力莉,徐晓锋,金曙光.豆粕蛋白质和玉米蛋白粉蛋白质在绵羊瘤胃内降解规律的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010(7):97-98.
[24]冷静,张颖,朱仁俊,等.6种牧草在云南黄牛瘤胃中的降解特性[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(1):53-60.
[25]LARRY D S.Protein supply from undegraded dietary protein[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1986,69(10):2734-2749.
[26]ACBAGLA-DOHNANI A,NOZIERE P,CLEMENT G,et al.In sacco degradability,chemical and morphological composition of 15 varieties of European rice straw[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2001,94(1/2):15-27.
[27]王立明.奶牛常用饲料瘤胃降解规律和小肠消化率的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.
[28]ERASMUS L J,BOTHA P M,CRUYWAGEN C W,et al.Amino acid profile and intestinal digestibility of dairy cows of rumen undegradable protein from various feedstuffs[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1994,77(2):541-551.
[29]岳群,杨红建,谢春元,等.应用移动尼龙袋法和三步法评定反刍家畜常用饲料的蛋白质小肠消化率[J].中国农业大学学报,2007,12(6):62-66.
[30]NEGI S S,SINGH B,MAKKAR H P S.An approach to the determination of rumen degradability of nitrogen in low-grade roughages and partition of nitrogen therein[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1988,111(3):487-494.
[31]CHALPUA W,SNIFFEN C J.Protein and amino acid nutrition of lactating dairy cattle-today and tomorrow[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1996,58(1/2):65-75.
[2]KAUR R,GARCIA S C,FULKERSON W J,et al.Degradation kinetics of leaves,petioles and stems of forage rape(Brassica napus)as affected by maturity[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,168(3):165-178.
[3]么学博,杨红建,谢春元,等.反刍家畜常用饲料蛋白质和氨基酸瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率评定研究[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(3):225-231.
[4]TAGHIZADEH A,MESGARAN M,VALIZADEH R,et al.Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and intestinal of steers measured using a mobile nylon bag technique[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(5):1807-1814.
[5]CALSAMIGLIA S,STERN M D.A three-step in vitro proceduer for estimating intestinal digestion of protein in ruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(5):1459-1465.
[6]HARSTAD O M,PRESTLKKEN E.Effective rumen degradability and intestinal indigestibility of individual amino acids in solvent extracted soybean meal(SBM)and xylose treated SBM(SoyPsaa)determined in situ[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000,83(1):31-47.
[7]HVELPLUND T.Digestibility of rumen microbial protein and undegraded dietary protein estimated in the small intestine of sheep and by in sacco procedure[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Supplementum,1985,25:132-144.
[8]GARGALLO S,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A.Technical note:a modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of proteins[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(8):2163-2167.
[9]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:1212-1235.
[10]VAN SOEST P V,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[11]宫福臣,韩梅琳,杨琼,等.菌糠与奶牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性的对比研究[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(6):1366-1374.
[12]RSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[13]颜品勋,冯仰廉,王燕兵,等.青粗饲料通过牛瘤胃外流速度的研究[J].动物营养学报,1994,6(2):20-22.
[14]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[15]SAS Institute Inc.SAS online doc 9.1.3[CP].Cary,N.C:SAS Institute Inc.,2004.
[16]张磊,刘东燕,邵涛.黑麦草的饲用价值及其应用前景[J].草业科学,2008,25(4):64-69.6
[17]张子仪.中国饲料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[18]刁其玉.饲料营养成分在瘤胃和小肠降解规律的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2000.
[19]夏科,姚庆,李富国,等.奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):769-777.
[20]萨其仍贵.奶牛主要饲料原料纤维物质和蛋白质瘤胃降解特性的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[21]FIGROID W,HALE W H,THEURER B.An evaluation of the nylon bag technique for estimating rumen utilization of grains[J].Journal of Animal Science,1972,35(1):113-120.
[22]CHEMEY D J R,PATTERSON J A,LEMENAGER R P.Influence of in situ bag rinsing technique on determination of dry matter disappearance[J].Journal of Dairy Science 1990,73(2):391-397.
[23]张力莉,徐晓锋,金曙光.豆粕蛋白质和玉米蛋白粉蛋白质在绵羊瘤胃内降解规律的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010(7):97-98.
[24]冷静,张颖,朱仁俊,等.6种牧草在云南黄牛瘤胃中的降解特性[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(1):53-60.
[25]LARRY D S.Protein supply from undegraded dietary protein[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1986,69(10):2734-2749.
[26]ACBAGLA-DOHNANI A,NOZIERE P,CLEMENT G,et al.In sacco degradability,chemical and morphological composition of 15 varieties of European rice straw[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2001,94(1/2):15-27.
[27]王立明.奶牛常用饲料瘤胃降解规律和小肠消化率的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.
[28]ERASMUS L J,BOTHA P M,CRUYWAGEN C W,et al.Amino acid profile and intestinal digestibility of dairy cows of rumen undegradable protein from various feedstuffs[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1994,77(2):541-551.
[29]岳群,杨红建,谢春元,等.应用移动尼龙袋法和三步法评定反刍家畜常用饲料的蛋白质小肠消化率[J].中国农业大学学报,2007,12(6):62-66.
[30]NEGI S S,SINGH B,MAKKAR H P S.An approach to the determination of rumen degradability of nitrogen in low-grade roughages and partition of nitrogen therein[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1988,111(3):487-494.
[31]CHALPUA W,SNIFFEN C J.Protein and amino acid nutrition of lactating dairy cattle-today and tomorrow[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1996,58(1/2):65-75.