不同代谢蛋白质水平饲粮对8~10月龄后备奶牛生长发育、血液生化指标和体况评分的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究不同代谢蛋白质(MP)水平饲粮对8~10月龄后备奶牛生长发育、血液生化指标以及体况评分的影响。选取健康的8月龄中国荷斯坦后备奶牛24头,随机分为4组,每组6头,饲喂MP水平分别为9.03%、9.55%、10.09%和10.57%的4种饲粮[对应的小肠可消化粗蛋白质(IDCP)水平分别为6.87%、8.13%、9.40%和10.65%]。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)MP和IDCP满足线性回归方程MP=6.234+0.408×IDCP(R2=0.999,P<0.01,n=4)。2)MP水平为9.03%、9.55%、10.09%和10.57%的4组平均日增重(ADG)分别为0.93、1.04、1.09和1.00 kg/d,10.09%组显著高于9.03%组(P<0.05);9.55%组和10.09%组腹围显著或极显著高于9.03%组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)随着MP水平的提高,血清尿素氮(UN)含量逐渐提高,8和9周龄9.55%、10.09%和10.57%组极显著高于9.03%组(P<0.01),至10周龄9.55%、10.09%组与9.03%组差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)各组试验牛体况评分在3.57~3.90之间,各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),体况发育良好。综合生长发育、血液生化指标和体况评分等各方面的因素,在本试验条件下,饲粮MP水平为10.09%时,可满足8~10月龄中国荷斯坦后备奶牛ADG为1.09 kg/d的生长需要。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary metabolizable protein( MP)levels on growth and development,blood biochemical indices and body condition score( BCS) of 8 to 10-month-old heifers. Twenty four Chinese Holstein heifers were randomly divided into four groups with six heads per group,and were fed four different diets in which MP level was 9.03%,9.55%,10.09% and 10.57%,respectively,accordingly,IDCP level was 6.87%,8.13%,9.40% and 10.65%,respectively. The pre-experimental period was 15 days,and the experimental period was 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) MP and IDCP satisfied the equation of MP = 6.234+0.408×IDCP( R2 = 0.999,P<0.01,n = 4). 2) The ADG in groups with MP levels of 9.03%,9.55%,10.09% and 10.57% was 0.93,1.04,1.09 and 1.00 kg /d,respectively,and 10. 09% group was significantly higher than 9. 03% group( P < 0. 05); the abdominal girth in9.55% and 10.09% groups was significantly higher than that in 9.03% group( P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3) With the improvement of MP level,serum urinary nitrogen( UN) content was increased accordingly,and 9.55%,10.09% and 10.57% groups was significantly higher than 9.03% group at 8 to 9 months of age( P<0.01),while there was no significant difference among 9.03%,9.55% and 10.09% groups at 10 months of age( P>0.05). 4) The BCS of all heifers in different groups was between 3.57 and 3.90 without significant difference( P>0.05),and the body was well developed. As growth and development,blood biochemical indices and BCS are considered,it is concluded that 10.09% MP level in diet can meet the needs of 8 to 10-month-old Chinese Holstein heifers gaining 1.09 kg /d in the present experimental condition.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary metabolizable protein( MP)levels on growth and development,blood biochemical indices and body condition score( BCS) of 8 to 10-month-old heifers. Twenty four Chinese Holstein heifers were randomly divided into four groups with six heads per group,and were fed four different diets in which MP level was 9.03%,9.55%,10.09% and 10.57%,respectively,accordingly,IDCP level was 6.87%,8.13%,9.40% and 10.65%,respectively. The pre-experimental period was 15 days,and the experimental period was 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) MP and IDCP satisfied the equation of MP = 6.234+0.408×IDCP( R2 = 0.999,P<0.01,n = 4). 2) The ADG in groups with MP levels of 9.03%,9.55%,10.09% and 10.57% was 0.93,1.04,1.09 and 1.00 kg /d,respectively,and 10. 09% group was significantly higher than 9. 03% group( P < 0. 05); the abdominal girth in9.55% and 10.09% groups was significantly higher than that in 9.03% group( P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3) With the improvement of MP level,serum urinary nitrogen( UN) content was increased accordingly,and 9.55%,10.09% and 10.57% groups was significantly higher than 9.03% group at 8 to 9 months of age( P<0.01),while there was no significant difference among 9.03%,9.55% and 10.09% groups at 10 months of age( P>0.05). 4) The BCS of all heifers in different groups was between 3.57 and 3.90 without significant difference( P>0.05),and the body was well developed. As growth and development,blood biochemical indices and BCS are considered,it is concluded that 10.09% MP level in diet can meet the needs of 8 to 10-month-old Chinese Holstein heifers gaining 1.09 kg /d in the present experimental condition.
引文
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[2]刁其玉.优质后备奶牛的营养与培育[J].乳业科学与技术,2009,5(3):101-105.
[3]KERTZ A F,PREWITT L R,BALLAM J M.Increased weight gain and effects on growth parameters of Holstein heifer calves from 3 to 12 months of age[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70(8):1612-1622.
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[6]TAGHIZADEH A,DANESH MESGARAN M,VALIZADEH R.Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and intestine of steers measured using a mobile nylon bag technique[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(5):1807-1814.
[7]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:575-576.
[8]NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2001.
[9]NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].6th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1989.
[10]RSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[11]张晓明,王之盛,陈艳,等.生长期秦川牛蛋白质沉积效率及小肠可消化粗蛋白质需要量[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2155-2161.
[12]王运亨.奶牛的饲养管理[J].中国乳业,2003(3):15-18.
[13]邹思湘.动物生物化学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005:161-163.
[14]王翀.代谢蛋白水平、氨基酸补充对中国荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能及氮代谢的影响[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2008:75-76.
[15]GROFF E B,WU Z.Milk production and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows fed different amounts of protein and varying proportions of alfalfa and corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(10):3619-3632.
[16]DAVIDSON S,HOPKINS B A,DIAZ D E,et al.Effects of amounts and degradability of dietary protein on lactation,nitrogen utilization,and excretion in early lactation Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(5):1681-1689.
[17]张卫兵.蛋白能量比对不同生理阶段后备奶牛生长发育和营养物质消化的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2009:17-19.
[18]FORD J A Jr,PARK C S.Nutritionally directed compensatory growth enhances heifer development and lactation potential[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(7):1669-1678.
[19]张蓉.能量水平及来源对早期断奶犊牛消化代谢的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2008:64-68.
[20]HALL J B,STAIGMILLER R B,BELLOWS R A,et al.Body composition and metabolic profiles associated with puberty in beef heifers[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(11):3409-3420.
[21]于彦,吐日根白乙拉,刘晗璐,等.奶牛体况评分(BCS)在饲养管理上的应用[J].中国草食动物,2006,26(1):46-48.
[22]BUCKLEY F,O’SULLIVAN K,MEE J F,et al.Relationships among milk yield,body condition,cow weight,and reproduction in spring-calved HolsteinFriesians[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(7):2308-2319.
[23]WILDMAN E E,JONES G M,WAGNER P E,et al.A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65(3):495-501.
[24]董德宽.关于奶牛体况评分[J].乳业科学与技术,2000,23(4):28-30.
[2]刁其玉.优质后备奶牛的营养与培育[J].乳业科学与技术,2009,5(3):101-105.
[3]KERTZ A F,PREWITT L R,BALLAM J M.Increased weight gain and effects on growth parameters of Holstein heifer calves from 3 to 12 months of age[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70(8):1612-1622.
[4]WHITLOCK B K,VANDEHAAR M J,SILVA L F P,et al.Effect of dietary protein on prepubertal mammary development in rapidly growing dairy heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(6):1516-1525.
[5]张乐颖,王加启,卜登攀,等.反刍动物蛋白质代谢研究进展[J].乳业科学与技术,2008,31(1):47-50.
[6]TAGHIZADEH A,DANESH MESGARAN M,VALIZADEH R.Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and intestine of steers measured using a mobile nylon bag technique[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(5):1807-1814.
[7]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:575-576.
[8]NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2001.
[9]NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].6th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1989.
[10]RSKOV E R,MCDONALD I.The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[11]张晓明,王之盛,陈艳,等.生长期秦川牛蛋白质沉积效率及小肠可消化粗蛋白质需要量[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2155-2161.
[12]王运亨.奶牛的饲养管理[J].中国乳业,2003(3):15-18.
[13]邹思湘.动物生物化学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005:161-163.
[14]王翀.代谢蛋白水平、氨基酸补充对中国荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能及氮代谢的影响[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2008:75-76.
[15]GROFF E B,WU Z.Milk production and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows fed different amounts of protein and varying proportions of alfalfa and corn silage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(10):3619-3632.
[16]DAVIDSON S,HOPKINS B A,DIAZ D E,et al.Effects of amounts and degradability of dietary protein on lactation,nitrogen utilization,and excretion in early lactation Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(5):1681-1689.
[17]张卫兵.蛋白能量比对不同生理阶段后备奶牛生长发育和营养物质消化的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2009:17-19.
[18]FORD J A Jr,PARK C S.Nutritionally directed compensatory growth enhances heifer development and lactation potential[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(7):1669-1678.
[19]张蓉.能量水平及来源对早期断奶犊牛消化代谢的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2008:64-68.
[20]HALL J B,STAIGMILLER R B,BELLOWS R A,et al.Body composition and metabolic profiles associated with puberty in beef heifers[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(11):3409-3420.
[21]于彦,吐日根白乙拉,刘晗璐,等.奶牛体况评分(BCS)在饲养管理上的应用[J].中国草食动物,2006,26(1):46-48.
[22]BUCKLEY F,O’SULLIVAN K,MEE J F,et al.Relationships among milk yield,body condition,cow weight,and reproduction in spring-calved HolsteinFriesians[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(7):2308-2319.
[23]WILDMAN E E,JONES G M,WAGNER P E,et al.A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65(3):495-501.
[24]董德宽.关于奶牛体况评分[J].乳业科学与技术,2000,23(4):28-30.