饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对荷斯坦公牛生长育肥性能及血液生化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮不同能量和蛋白质水平对荷斯坦公牛生长育肥性能及血液生化指标的影响,筛选出荷斯坦公牛生长育肥期适宜的饲粮营养水平参数。选取4~5月龄体重(约180 kg)相近的健康荷斯坦公牛30头,随机分为Ⅰ(低能量低蛋白质水平饲粮)、Ⅱ(中能量中蛋白质水平饲粮)和Ⅲ组(高能量高蛋白质水平饲粮),每组10头。试验期362 d。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组日增重(DG)显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组DG有增加的趋势(P>0.05)。Ⅲ组的料重比低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P>0.05)。2)Ⅲ组血液中葡萄糖含量和生长激素含量比Ⅰ组显著提高(P<0.05),尿素氮含量比Ⅰ组显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ和Ⅲ组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观消化率随饲粮能量和蛋白质水平的提高而增加,Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上,依据荷斯坦公牛代谢体重(W0.75,kg)和DG(kg)推算出荷斯坦公牛生长育肥期(180~500 kg体重阶段)产奶净能[NEL,MJ/(d·头)]和小肠可消化粗蛋白质[IDCP,g/(d·头)]需要量的计算公式分别为:NEL=0.57 W0.75+1.02 DG(R2=0.936 8);IDCP=2.65 W0.75+202.03 DG(R2=0.892 9)。
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary energy and protein levels on growing-fattening performance and blood biochemical indicators of Holstein bulls to select the most appropriate levels of nutrition parameters.Thirty Holstein bulls(weighted about 180 kg,aged 4 to 5 months) were allocated into three groups with ten bulls in each group.The three groups were provided with different nutritional level diets: lowenergy and protein levels diet(group Ⅰ),medium energy and protein levels diet(group Ⅱ) and high energy and protein levels diet(group Ⅲ).The experiment lasted for 362 days.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group Ⅰ,daily gain(DG) in group Ⅲ was significantly increased(P < 0.05) and that in group Ⅱ had an increasing trend(P > 0.05),while feed /gain in group Ⅲ was decreased compared with that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P > 0.05).2) The contents of blood glucose and growth hormone in group Ⅲ were significantly increased compared with those in group Ⅰ(P < 0.05),but no significant difference was found between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P > 0.05).The content of blood urea nitrogen in group Ⅲwas significantly decreased compared with that in group Ⅰ(P < 0.05).3) W ith the increasing of dietary energy and protein levels,apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat was raised,and group Ⅲ was significantly higher than group Ⅰ(P < 0.05).According to above results,net energy for lactation [NEL,MJ /(d·head)]and small intestinal digestible crude protein(IDCP) requirements [g /(d·head)] of growingfattening Holstein bulls(weighted 180 to 500 kg) are calculated based on metabolic weight(W0.75,kg) and DG(kg) as follows: NEL= 0.57 W0.75+ 1.02 DG(R2= 0.936 8); IDCP = 2.65 W0.75+ 202.03 DG(R2= 0.892 9).
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary energy and protein levels on growing-fattening performance and blood biochemical indicators of Holstein bulls to select the most appropriate levels of nutrition parameters.Thirty Holstein bulls(weighted about 180 kg,aged 4 to 5 months) were allocated into three groups with ten bulls in each group.The three groups were provided with different nutritional level diets: lowenergy and protein levels diet(group Ⅰ),medium energy and protein levels diet(group Ⅱ) and high energy and protein levels diet(group Ⅲ).The experiment lasted for 362 days.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group Ⅰ,daily gain(DG) in group Ⅲ was significantly increased(P < 0.05) and that in group Ⅱ had an increasing trend(P > 0.05),while feed /gain in group Ⅲ was decreased compared with that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P > 0.05).2) The contents of blood glucose and growth hormone in group Ⅲ were significantly increased compared with those in group Ⅰ(P < 0.05),but no significant difference was found between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P > 0.05).The content of blood urea nitrogen in group Ⅲwas significantly decreased compared with that in group Ⅰ(P < 0.05).3) W ith the increasing of dietary energy and protein levels,apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat was raised,and group Ⅲ was significantly higher than group Ⅰ(P < 0.05).According to above results,net energy for lactation [NEL,MJ /(d·head)]and small intestinal digestible crude protein(IDCP) requirements [g /(d·head)] of growingfattening Holstein bulls(weighted 180 to 500 kg) are calculated based on metabolic weight(W0.75,kg) and DG(kg) as follows: NEL= 0.57 W0.75+ 1.02 DG(R2= 0.936 8); IDCP = 2.65 W0.75+ 202.03 DG(R2= 0.892 9).
引文
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[3]曹兵海.我国奶公犊资源利用现状及其产业化发展建议[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(6):23-30.
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[8]中国农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所.GB/T 23742—2009饲料中盐酸不溶灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[9]罗晓瑜,陈志强,何立荣,等.全混合日粮营养水平对肉牛育肥效果的影响[J].饲料工业,2011,32(17):49-53.
[10]王立克,戴四发,忠泽,等.不同饲粮类型及营养水平对肉牛增重效果的研究[J].中国草食动物,2005:20-21.
[11]李世英,李洪升.提高肉牛对精粗饲料利用效果的研究[J].黄牛杂志,2002,2:56-59.
[12]张永福.肉牛强度育肥高新技术应用效果[J].黄牛杂志,2000,26(1):27-29.
[13]李红波,周振勇,杜玮,等.不同营养水平下新疆褐牛增重效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2012,8:321-325.
[14]STANLEY C C,WILLIAMS C C,JENNY B F,et al.Effects of feeding m ilk replace once versus twice daily on glucose m etabolism in Holstein and Jersey calves[J].Journal of dairy science,2002,8(9):2335-2344.
[15]李庆.“生命元”对波尔山羊生产性能及血液生理、生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[16]钟诚,方国玺,李凤双.青山羊血清含氮生化指标与蛋白质营养代谢关系的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1986,17(1):83-88.
[17]HALL J B,STAIGMILLER R B,BELLOWS R A,et al.Body com position and m etabolic profiles associated with puberty in beef heifers[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1995,73:3409-3420.
[18]MCSHANE T M,SCHILLO K K,ESTIENNE M J,et al.Effects of recom binant DNA-derived som atotropin and dietary energy intake on developm ent of beef heifers:Ⅱ.Concentrations of horm ones and m etabolites in blood sera[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1989,67:2237-2244.
[19]COMA J,CARRION D,ZIMMERMAN D R.Use of plasm a urea nitrogen as a rapid response criterion to determ ine the lysine requirem ent of pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1995,73:472-481.
[20]赵健亚.不同SC/NSC饲粮对湖羊胃肠道及血液营养生化指标的影响[D].扬州大学,2005.
[21]李红波.不同营养水平对新疆褐牛日增重和血液生化指标、激素水平变化规律的研究[D].新疆农业大学,2011.
[22]王安奎,金显栋,付美芬,等.BMY公牛对不同能量蛋白比饲粮的消化代谢试验[J].中国牛业科学,2010,36(6):44-47.
[23]徐萍,莫放,陈瑶,等.饲粮精料进食水平对肉牛消化道营养物质流量和表观消化率的影响[J].中国草食动物,2007,27(4):12-15.
[2]孙芳,陈遇英,吴民.国外奶牛肉生产技术现状及对我国肉牛产业技术体系的启示[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2010,22(4):95-100.
[3]曹兵海.我国奶公犊资源利用现状及其产业化发展建议[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(6):23-30.
[4]MAHMOUDZADEH H,FAZAE H,KORDNEJAD I,et al.Response of m ale buffalo calves to difference levels of energy and protein in finishing diets[J].Pakistan Journal of biological Science,2007,10(9):1398-1405.
[5]李春芳.不同饲粮营养水平对荷斯坦淘汰奶牛、奶公牛生长性能及肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2013.
[6]白虹,殷元虎,吴胜权,等.荷斯坦奶牛公犊肥育方法及其效益[J].中国畜牧志,1997,33(3):38-40.
[7]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[8]中国农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所.GB/T 23742—2009饲料中盐酸不溶灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[9]罗晓瑜,陈志强,何立荣,等.全混合日粮营养水平对肉牛育肥效果的影响[J].饲料工业,2011,32(17):49-53.
[10]王立克,戴四发,忠泽,等.不同饲粮类型及营养水平对肉牛增重效果的研究[J].中国草食动物,2005:20-21.
[11]李世英,李洪升.提高肉牛对精粗饲料利用效果的研究[J].黄牛杂志,2002,2:56-59.
[12]张永福.肉牛强度育肥高新技术应用效果[J].黄牛杂志,2000,26(1):27-29.
[13]李红波,周振勇,杜玮,等.不同营养水平下新疆褐牛增重效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2012,8:321-325.
[14]STANLEY C C,WILLIAMS C C,JENNY B F,et al.Effects of feeding m ilk replace once versus twice daily on glucose m etabolism in Holstein and Jersey calves[J].Journal of dairy science,2002,8(9):2335-2344.
[15]李庆.“生命元”对波尔山羊生产性能及血液生理、生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[16]钟诚,方国玺,李凤双.青山羊血清含氮生化指标与蛋白质营养代谢关系的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1986,17(1):83-88.
[17]HALL J B,STAIGMILLER R B,BELLOWS R A,et al.Body com position and m etabolic profiles associated with puberty in beef heifers[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1995,73:3409-3420.
[18]MCSHANE T M,SCHILLO K K,ESTIENNE M J,et al.Effects of recom binant DNA-derived som atotropin and dietary energy intake on developm ent of beef heifers:Ⅱ.Concentrations of horm ones and m etabolites in blood sera[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1989,67:2237-2244.
[19]COMA J,CARRION D,ZIMMERMAN D R.Use of plasm a urea nitrogen as a rapid response criterion to determ ine the lysine requirem ent of pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1995,73:472-481.
[20]赵健亚.不同SC/NSC饲粮对湖羊胃肠道及血液营养生化指标的影响[D].扬州大学,2005.
[21]李红波.不同营养水平对新疆褐牛日增重和血液生化指标、激素水平变化规律的研究[D].新疆农业大学,2011.
[22]王安奎,金显栋,付美芬,等.BMY公牛对不同能量蛋白比饲粮的消化代谢试验[J].中国牛业科学,2010,36(6):44-47.
[23]徐萍,莫放,陈瑶,等.饲粮精料进食水平对肉牛消化道营养物质流量和表观消化率的影响[J].中国草食动物,2007,27(4):12-15.