地铁车厢火灾蔓延规律及人员疏散安全性研究
|
摘要
为完成在设定工况下某地铁车辆火灾发生后的最大热释放速率及达到最大热释放速率所需的时间和人员疏散的安全性研究,根据某车辆厂提供的地铁车辆参数及车辆所用材料,通过某燃烧试验室测得车辆所用材料相关的热力学参数并基于pyrosim建立地铁车厢火灾模型。对地铁车厢火灾模型的热释放速率、毒气浓度、能见度和温度4项指标进行分析,研究地铁车厢火灾发展机理及蔓延规律。通过实际演练获得必需安全疏散时间,结合仿真结果依照NFPA101规范,通过地铁车厢火灾模型的能见度、毒气浓度以及温度3个指标确定地铁车厢火灾发生后可用安全疏散时间,对比必需安全疏散时间与可用安全疏散时间研究该地铁车厢火灾发生后人员疏散的安全性。
In order to study the maximum heat release rate as well as the time required to reach the maximum heat release rate and the safety of the evacuation of subway car. According to metro vehicles and vehicle parameters of a vehicle plant to provide the materials measured vehicle materials related thermodynamic parameters of a combustion laboratory based pyrosim build a subway car fire model. Analysis heat release rate,gas concentration,visibility,temperature of the fire model subway cars,research on subway cars and developing mechanisms for the spread of fire laws. Through actual practice get the required safe egress time,combined with the simulation results in accordance with the NFPA101 specification,by subway car visibility,gas concentration,and temperature of the fire model three indicators to determine the subway car available after the fire safety evacuation time,compare the required safety evacuation time and available safety evacuation time to study the safety of the evacuation of subway car after the fire happen.
In order to study the maximum heat release rate as well as the time required to reach the maximum heat release rate and the safety of the evacuation of subway car. According to metro vehicles and vehicle parameters of a vehicle plant to provide the materials measured vehicle materials related thermodynamic parameters of a combustion laboratory based pyrosim build a subway car fire model. Analysis heat release rate,gas concentration,visibility,temperature of the fire model subway cars,research on subway cars and developing mechanisms for the spread of fire laws. Through actual practice get the required safe egress time,combined with the simulation results in accordance with the NFPA101 specification,by subway car visibility,gas concentration,and temperature of the fire model three indicators to determine the subway car available after the fire safety evacuation time,compare the required safety evacuation time and available safety evacuation time to study the safety of the evacuation of subway car after the fire happen.
引文
[1]薛伟,张光俊.FDS火灾模拟与应用[J].吉林林业科技,2006,35(6):18-20.XUE Wei,ZHANG Guangjun.FDS fire simulation and application[J].Jilin Forestry Science and Technology,2006,6:18-20.
[2]彭小芹,刘松林,卢国建.材料热释放速率的实验分析[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2005,8(8):123-125.PENG Xiaoqin,LIU Songlin,LU Guojian.Experimental analysis on heat release rate of materials[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2005,8(8):123-125.
[3]王志刚,倪照鹏,王宗存,等.设计火灾时火灾热释放速率曲线的确定[J].安全与环境学报,2004(4):50-54.WANG Zhigang,NI Zhaopeng,WANG Zongcun,et al.Determination of heat release rate curve when designing fire[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2004(4):50-54.
[4]王盟,徐宇工,胡仁,等.地铁列车中可燃物热释放速率的测定[J].城市轨道交通研究,2005(9):47-49.WANG Meng,XU Yugong,HU Ren,et al.Testing of combustibles heat release rate in subway train[J].Urban Mass Transit,2005(9):47-49.
[5]Heskestad G,Delichatsios M A,The initial convective flow in fire[C]//17th Symposium on Combustion.The Combustion Institute,Pittsburgh,1978:1113-1123.
[6]史聪灵,钟茂华,罗艳萍,等.地铁车厢汽油火灾的模拟计算与分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(10):32-36.SHI Congling,ZHONG Maohua,LUO Yanping,et al.Simulating calculation and analysis of gasoline arson fires in metro compartment[J].China Safety Science Journal,2006,16(10):32-36.
[7]单其康.不同风速下列车火灾烟气与人员疏散模拟研究[J].科技资讯,2011(16):244-246.SHAN Qikang.Simulation study of smoke migration and occupant evacuation on different wind speed in subway train[J].Science&Technology Information,2011(16):244-246.
[8]王文健,孙忠选.地铁火灾热释放速率研究[J].铁道车辆,2012,50(12):36-39.WANG Wenjian,SUN Zhongxuan.Research on heat release rate when there is fire in metro[J].Rolling Stock,2012,50(12):36-39.
[9]郗艳红,毛军,樊洪明,等.地铁列车着火后在隧道内行驶的安全速度[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(3):25-30.XI Yanhong,MAO Jun,FAN Hongming,et al.Safety velocity of on fire train moving in subway tunnel[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2010,38(3):25-30.
[10]田宏,白锐.Smokeview—理解火灾动力学的可视化方法[J].消防技术与产品信息,2008(11):75-78.TIAN Hong,BAI Rui.Smoke view—understanding of fire dynamics visualization methods[J].Fire Technique and Products Information,2008(11):75-78.
[11]钟委,霍然,史聪灵.热释放速率设定方式的几点讨论[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(2):64-69.ZHONG Wei,HUO Ran,SHI Congling.Some discussion on methodology to design heat release rate[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2004,13(2):64-69.
[12]赵力增,刘万福,葛明慧,等.固体可燃物热释放速率研究[J].消防科学与技术,2008,27(11):793-794.ZHAO Lizeng,LIU Wanfu,GE Minghui,et al.Heat release rate test on solid combustible material[J].Fire Science and Technology,2008,27(11):793-794.
[13]雷兵,王清远,刘应清.客运车辆火灾轰然条件仿真研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2008,43(2):182-186.LEI Bing,WANG Qingyuan,LIU Yingqing.Simulation of flashover conditions in passenger vehicles[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2008,43(2):182-186.
[14]梁君海,李霞,林建辉,等.基于pyrosim的高速动车火灾分析[C]//轨道客车安全防火及阻燃技术研讨会论文集,成都:2014.LIANG Junhai,LI Xia,LIN Jianhui,et al.Analyses of EMU fire based on pyrosim[C]//Symposium Proceedings of Fire and Flame Retardant Technology on Passenger Safety Track,Chengdu:2014.
[15]王彦富,蒋军成.地铁火灾人员疏散的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007(17):7.WANG Yanfu,JIANG Juncheng.Research of safety evacuation from subway fire[J].China Safety Science Journal,2007(17):7.
[2]彭小芹,刘松林,卢国建.材料热释放速率的实验分析[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2005,8(8):123-125.PENG Xiaoqin,LIU Songlin,LU Guojian.Experimental analysis on heat release rate of materials[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2005,8(8):123-125.
[3]王志刚,倪照鹏,王宗存,等.设计火灾时火灾热释放速率曲线的确定[J].安全与环境学报,2004(4):50-54.WANG Zhigang,NI Zhaopeng,WANG Zongcun,et al.Determination of heat release rate curve when designing fire[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2004(4):50-54.
[4]王盟,徐宇工,胡仁,等.地铁列车中可燃物热释放速率的测定[J].城市轨道交通研究,2005(9):47-49.WANG Meng,XU Yugong,HU Ren,et al.Testing of combustibles heat release rate in subway train[J].Urban Mass Transit,2005(9):47-49.
[5]Heskestad G,Delichatsios M A,The initial convective flow in fire[C]//17th Symposium on Combustion.The Combustion Institute,Pittsburgh,1978:1113-1123.
[6]史聪灵,钟茂华,罗艳萍,等.地铁车厢汽油火灾的模拟计算与分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(10):32-36.SHI Congling,ZHONG Maohua,LUO Yanping,et al.Simulating calculation and analysis of gasoline arson fires in metro compartment[J].China Safety Science Journal,2006,16(10):32-36.
[7]单其康.不同风速下列车火灾烟气与人员疏散模拟研究[J].科技资讯,2011(16):244-246.SHAN Qikang.Simulation study of smoke migration and occupant evacuation on different wind speed in subway train[J].Science&Technology Information,2011(16):244-246.
[8]王文健,孙忠选.地铁火灾热释放速率研究[J].铁道车辆,2012,50(12):36-39.WANG Wenjian,SUN Zhongxuan.Research on heat release rate when there is fire in metro[J].Rolling Stock,2012,50(12):36-39.
[9]郗艳红,毛军,樊洪明,等.地铁列车着火后在隧道内行驶的安全速度[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(3):25-30.XI Yanhong,MAO Jun,FAN Hongming,et al.Safety velocity of on fire train moving in subway tunnel[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2010,38(3):25-30.
[10]田宏,白锐.Smokeview—理解火灾动力学的可视化方法[J].消防技术与产品信息,2008(11):75-78.TIAN Hong,BAI Rui.Smoke view—understanding of fire dynamics visualization methods[J].Fire Technique and Products Information,2008(11):75-78.
[11]钟委,霍然,史聪灵.热释放速率设定方式的几点讨论[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(2):64-69.ZHONG Wei,HUO Ran,SHI Congling.Some discussion on methodology to design heat release rate[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2004,13(2):64-69.
[12]赵力增,刘万福,葛明慧,等.固体可燃物热释放速率研究[J].消防科学与技术,2008,27(11):793-794.ZHAO Lizeng,LIU Wanfu,GE Minghui,et al.Heat release rate test on solid combustible material[J].Fire Science and Technology,2008,27(11):793-794.
[13]雷兵,王清远,刘应清.客运车辆火灾轰然条件仿真研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2008,43(2):182-186.LEI Bing,WANG Qingyuan,LIU Yingqing.Simulation of flashover conditions in passenger vehicles[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2008,43(2):182-186.
[14]梁君海,李霞,林建辉,等.基于pyrosim的高速动车火灾分析[C]//轨道客车安全防火及阻燃技术研讨会论文集,成都:2014.LIANG Junhai,LI Xia,LIN Jianhui,et al.Analyses of EMU fire based on pyrosim[C]//Symposium Proceedings of Fire and Flame Retardant Technology on Passenger Safety Track,Chengdu:2014.
[15]王彦富,蒋军成.地铁火灾人员疏散的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2007(17):7.WANG Yanfu,JIANG Juncheng.Research of safety evacuation from subway fire[J].China Safety Science Journal,2007(17):7.