计及拓扑结构的时间Petri网故障诊断模型
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摘要
故障元件的快速准确识别是电力系统故障应急处置的首要环节,是电网在线调控运行的重点工作之一。针对现有基于Petri网的电网故障诊断方法未能充分利用系统拓扑信息以及告警时序信息等问题,提出一种计及拓扑结构的时间Petri网故障诊断模型。首先,从系统的拓扑描述及告警信息的时序推理出发,定义了时间Petri网故障诊断模型,并给出了其图形建模及矩阵描述;其次,从保护逻辑出发,重点分析了断路器失灵保护以及远后备保护推理路径的拓扑映射转换规则,在此基础上给出了时间Petri网模型的推理流程及其矩阵推理算法,无需遍历便能够快速得到各疑似元件的故障置信概率及其时序点约束区间;最后,IEEE 39节点系统算例的仿真结果验证了所提故障诊断方法的有效性、容错性及适应性。
Fast and accurate fault section estimation is the primary premise for troubleshooting of power system, and it is one of the key works of system dispatching. Since the existing Petri net based methods fail to make full use of topology and temporal information, a time Petri net(TPN) based fault diagnosis model considering topology structure was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the time Petri net was defined based on the system topology description and the timing reasoning of alarms, and the graphical model and matrix description of the net were introduced. Secondly, the topology mapping rules of the circuit breaker failure protection and the secondary backup protection were analyzed, and based on which the reasoning process and matrix algorithm were given, thus to obtain the fault confidence probability and timing point constraint interval of each suspected element without traversing. Finally, the case studies of the IEEE 39-bus system verified the effectiveness,fault tolerance and adaptability of the proposed method.
Fast and accurate fault section estimation is the primary premise for troubleshooting of power system, and it is one of the key works of system dispatching. Since the existing Petri net based methods fail to make full use of topology and temporal information, a time Petri net(TPN) based fault diagnosis model considering topology structure was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the time Petri net was defined based on the system topology description and the timing reasoning of alarms, and the graphical model and matrix description of the net were introduced. Secondly, the topology mapping rules of the circuit breaker failure protection and the secondary backup protection were analyzed, and based on which the reasoning process and matrix algorithm were given, thus to obtain the fault confidence probability and timing point constraint interval of each suspected element without traversing. Finally, the case studies of the IEEE 39-bus system verified the effectiveness,fault tolerance and adaptability of the proposed method.
引文
[1]边莉,边晨源.电网故障诊断的智能方法综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(3):146-153.Bian Li,Bian Chenyuan.Review on intelligence fault diagnosis in power networks[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(3):146-153(in Chinese).
[2]赵伟,白晓民,丁剑,等.基于协同式专家系统及多智能体技术的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20):1-8.Zhao Wei,Bai Xiaomin,Ding Jian,et al.A new fault diagnosis approach of power grid based on cooperative expert system and multi-agent technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(20):1-8(in Chinese).
[3]李再华,白晓民,周子冠,等.基于特征挖掘的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(10):16-22.Li Zaihua,Bai Xiaomin,Zhou Ziguan,et al.Method of power grid fault diagnosis based on feature mining[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(10):16-22(in Chinese).
[4]石东源,熊国江,陈金富,等.基于径向基函数神经网络和模糊积分融合的电网分区故障诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):562-569.Shi Dongyuan,Xiong Guojiang,Chen Jinfu,et al.Divisional fault diagnosis of power grids based on RBFneural network and fuzzy integral fusion[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):562-569(in Chinese).
[5]毕天姝,倪以信,吴复立,等.基于新型神经网络的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):74-79.Bi Tianshu,Ni Yixin,Wu Fuli,et al.Hybrid fault section estimation system with radial basis function neural network and fuzzy system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(2):74-79(in Chinese).
[6]吴欣,郭创新,曹一家.基于贝叶斯网络及信息时序属性的电力系统故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(13):14-18.Wu Xin,Guo Chuangxin,Cao Yijia.A new fault diagnosis approach of power system based on Bayesian network and temporal order information[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(13):14-18(in Chinese).
[7]Zhu Yongli,Huo Limin,Lu Jinling.Bayesian networksbased approach for power systems fault diagnosis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):634-639.
[8]Min S,Sohn J,Park J,et al.Adaptive fault section estimation using matrix representation with fuzzy relations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(2):842-848.
[9]Chen W H.Online fault diagnosis for power transmission networks using fuzzy digraph models[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(27):688-698.
[10]刘道兵,顾雪平,李海鹏.电网故障诊断的一种完全解析模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(34):85-92.Liu Daobing,Gu Xueping,Li Haipeng.A complete analytic model for fault diagnosis of power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(34):85-92(in Chinese).
[11]江雪晨,王大志,张翠玲,等.利用模型诊断降维的电网故障诊断完全解析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(23):6371-6378.Jiang Xuechen,Wang Dazhi,Zhang Cuiling,et al.Acomplete analytic method for fault diagnosis of power systems based on model-based diagnosis for dimensionality reduction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(23):6371-6378(in Chinese).
[12]孙静,秦世引,宋永华.模糊PETRI网在电力系统故障诊断中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(9):74-79.Sun Jing,Qin Shiyin,Song Yonghua.Fuzzy Petri nets and its application in the fault diagnosis of electric power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(9):74-79(in Chinese).
[13]Sun J,Qin S Y,Song Y H.Fault diagnosis of electric power systems based on fuzzy Petri nets[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2004,19(4):2053-2059.
[14]Lo K L,Ng H S,Grant D M,et al.Extended Petri net models for fault diagnosis for substation automation[J].Generation,Transmission and Distribution,IEEProceedings,1999,146(3):229-234.
[15]杨健维何正友臧天磊.基于方向性加权模糊Petri网的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(34):42-49.Yang Jianwei,He Zhengyou,Zang Tianlei.Power system fault-diagnosis method based on directional weighted fuzzy Petri nets[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(34):42-49(in Chinese).
[16]徐彪,尹项根,汪旸,等.基于模糊时间Petri网的电网故障诊断方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(2):70-76.Xu Biao,Yin Xianggen,Wang Yang,et al.Fault diagnosis method of power system based on fuzzy time Petri net[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(2):70-76(in Chinese).
[17]王磊,陈青,高湛军.输电网故障诊断的知识表示方法及其应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(4):85-92.Wang Lei,Chen Qing,Gao Zhanjun.Representation and application of fault diagnosis knowledge in power transmission grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(4):85-92(in Chinese).
[18]童晓阳,谢红涛,孙明蔚.计及时序信息检查的分层模糊Petri网电网故障诊断模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(6):63-68.Tong Xiaoyang,Xie Hongtao,Sun Mingwei.Power system fault diagnosis model based on layered fuzzy Petri net considering temporal constraint checking[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(6):63-68(in Chinese).
[19]杨健维,何正友.基于时序模糊Petri网的电力系统故障诊断[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(15):46-51.Yang Jianwei,He Zhengyou.Power system fault diagnosis approach based on time sequence fuzzy Petri net[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(15):46-51(in Chinese).
[20]Luo X,Kezunovic M.Implementing fuzzy reasoning Petri-nets for fault section estimation[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(2):676-685.
[21]陈强,程学珍,刘建航,等.基于分层变迁的WFPN电网故障分析[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(15):125-135.Chen Qiang,Cheng Xuezhen,Liu Jianhang,et al.The analysis method of power grid fault based on Hierarchical transition weighted fuzzy Petri net[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(15):125-135(in Chinese).
[22]张岩,张勇,文福拴,等.容纳时序约束的改进模糊Petri网故障诊断模型[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(5):66-72.Zhang Yan,Zhang Yong,Wen Fushuan,et al.Power system fault diagnosis with an enhanced fuzzy Petri net accommodating temporal constraints[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(5):66-72(in Chinese).
[23]白展,苗世洪,孙雁斌,等.计及时间约束的改进模糊Petri网故障诊断模型[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(23):107-115.Bai Zhan,Miao Shihong,Sun Yanbin,et al.Fault diagnosis model based on improved fuzzy Petri net considering time constraints[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(23):107-115.
[24]张伯明,陈寿孙,严正.高等电力网络分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.Zhang Boming,Chen Shousun,Yan Zheng.Analysis of higher power networks[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2007(in Chinese).
[25]林闯,刘婷,曲扬.一种不确定时段的扩展时段时序逻辑:时间Petri网模型表示和线性推理[J].计算机学报,2001,24(12):1299-1309.Lin Chuang,Liu Ting,Qu Yang.Extended interval temporal logic for undetermined interval:Modeling and linear inference using time Petri nets[J].Chinese Journal of Computer,2001,24(12):1299-1309(in Chinese).
[26]李振兴,尹项根,张哲,等.有限广域继电保护系统的分区原则与实现方法[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(19):48-52.Li Zhenxing,Yin Xianggen,Zhang Zhe,et al.Zone division and implementation on limited wide area protection system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(19):48-52(in Chinese).
[2]赵伟,白晓民,丁剑,等.基于协同式专家系统及多智能体技术的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20):1-8.Zhao Wei,Bai Xiaomin,Ding Jian,et al.A new fault diagnosis approach of power grid based on cooperative expert system and multi-agent technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(20):1-8(in Chinese).
[3]李再华,白晓民,周子冠,等.基于特征挖掘的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(10):16-22.Li Zaihua,Bai Xiaomin,Zhou Ziguan,et al.Method of power grid fault diagnosis based on feature mining[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(10):16-22(in Chinese).
[4]石东源,熊国江,陈金富,等.基于径向基函数神经网络和模糊积分融合的电网分区故障诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):562-569.Shi Dongyuan,Xiong Guojiang,Chen Jinfu,et al.Divisional fault diagnosis of power grids based on RBFneural network and fuzzy integral fusion[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):562-569(in Chinese).
[5]毕天姝,倪以信,吴复立,等.基于新型神经网络的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):74-79.Bi Tianshu,Ni Yixin,Wu Fuli,et al.Hybrid fault section estimation system with radial basis function neural network and fuzzy system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(2):74-79(in Chinese).
[6]吴欣,郭创新,曹一家.基于贝叶斯网络及信息时序属性的电力系统故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(13):14-18.Wu Xin,Guo Chuangxin,Cao Yijia.A new fault diagnosis approach of power system based on Bayesian network and temporal order information[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(13):14-18(in Chinese).
[7]Zhu Yongli,Huo Limin,Lu Jinling.Bayesian networksbased approach for power systems fault diagnosis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):634-639.
[8]Min S,Sohn J,Park J,et al.Adaptive fault section estimation using matrix representation with fuzzy relations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(2):842-848.
[9]Chen W H.Online fault diagnosis for power transmission networks using fuzzy digraph models[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(27):688-698.
[10]刘道兵,顾雪平,李海鹏.电网故障诊断的一种完全解析模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(34):85-92.Liu Daobing,Gu Xueping,Li Haipeng.A complete analytic model for fault diagnosis of power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(34):85-92(in Chinese).
[11]江雪晨,王大志,张翠玲,等.利用模型诊断降维的电网故障诊断完全解析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(23):6371-6378.Jiang Xuechen,Wang Dazhi,Zhang Cuiling,et al.Acomplete analytic method for fault diagnosis of power systems based on model-based diagnosis for dimensionality reduction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(23):6371-6378(in Chinese).
[12]孙静,秦世引,宋永华.模糊PETRI网在电力系统故障诊断中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(9):74-79.Sun Jing,Qin Shiyin,Song Yonghua.Fuzzy Petri nets and its application in the fault diagnosis of electric power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(9):74-79(in Chinese).
[13]Sun J,Qin S Y,Song Y H.Fault diagnosis of electric power systems based on fuzzy Petri nets[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2004,19(4):2053-2059.
[14]Lo K L,Ng H S,Grant D M,et al.Extended Petri net models for fault diagnosis for substation automation[J].Generation,Transmission and Distribution,IEEProceedings,1999,146(3):229-234.
[15]杨健维何正友臧天磊.基于方向性加权模糊Petri网的电网故障诊断方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(34):42-49.Yang Jianwei,He Zhengyou,Zang Tianlei.Power system fault-diagnosis method based on directional weighted fuzzy Petri nets[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(34):42-49(in Chinese).
[16]徐彪,尹项根,汪旸,等.基于模糊时间Petri网的电网故障诊断方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(2):70-76.Xu Biao,Yin Xianggen,Wang Yang,et al.Fault diagnosis method of power system based on fuzzy time Petri net[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(2):70-76(in Chinese).
[17]王磊,陈青,高湛军.输电网故障诊断的知识表示方法及其应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(4):85-92.Wang Lei,Chen Qing,Gao Zhanjun.Representation and application of fault diagnosis knowledge in power transmission grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(4):85-92(in Chinese).
[18]童晓阳,谢红涛,孙明蔚.计及时序信息检查的分层模糊Petri网电网故障诊断模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(6):63-68.Tong Xiaoyang,Xie Hongtao,Sun Mingwei.Power system fault diagnosis model based on layered fuzzy Petri net considering temporal constraint checking[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(6):63-68(in Chinese).
[19]杨健维,何正友.基于时序模糊Petri网的电力系统故障诊断[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(15):46-51.Yang Jianwei,He Zhengyou.Power system fault diagnosis approach based on time sequence fuzzy Petri net[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(15):46-51(in Chinese).
[20]Luo X,Kezunovic M.Implementing fuzzy reasoning Petri-nets for fault section estimation[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(2):676-685.
[21]陈强,程学珍,刘建航,等.基于分层变迁的WFPN电网故障分析[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(15):125-135.Chen Qiang,Cheng Xuezhen,Liu Jianhang,et al.The analysis method of power grid fault based on Hierarchical transition weighted fuzzy Petri net[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(15):125-135(in Chinese).
[22]张岩,张勇,文福拴,等.容纳时序约束的改进模糊Petri网故障诊断模型[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(5):66-72.Zhang Yan,Zhang Yong,Wen Fushuan,et al.Power system fault diagnosis with an enhanced fuzzy Petri net accommodating temporal constraints[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(5):66-72(in Chinese).
[23]白展,苗世洪,孙雁斌,等.计及时间约束的改进模糊Petri网故障诊断模型[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(23):107-115.Bai Zhan,Miao Shihong,Sun Yanbin,et al.Fault diagnosis model based on improved fuzzy Petri net considering time constraints[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(23):107-115.
[24]张伯明,陈寿孙,严正.高等电力网络分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.Zhang Boming,Chen Shousun,Yan Zheng.Analysis of higher power networks[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2007(in Chinese).
[25]林闯,刘婷,曲扬.一种不确定时段的扩展时段时序逻辑:时间Petri网模型表示和线性推理[J].计算机学报,2001,24(12):1299-1309.Lin Chuang,Liu Ting,Qu Yang.Extended interval temporal logic for undetermined interval:Modeling and linear inference using time Petri nets[J].Chinese Journal of Computer,2001,24(12):1299-1309(in Chinese).
[26]李振兴,尹项根,张哲,等.有限广域继电保护系统的分区原则与实现方法[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(19):48-52.Li Zhenxing,Yin Xianggen,Zhang Zhe,et al.Zone division and implementation on limited wide area protection system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(19):48-52(in Chinese).