不同土壤改良剂对番茄生长和土壤肥力的影响
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摘要
为了筛选有效缓解宁夏设施土壤连作障碍的改良剂,以不添加改良剂为对照,以添加自制酸性改良剂(SM)、矿土改良剂(MS)、硅钙钾改良剂(SCP)、北京紫光酸性改良剂(BJ)、脱硫灰改良剂(DR)、微生物菌剂改良剂(M)为处理,研究不同改良剂对设施连作番茄生长和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,施用改良剂能显著提高番茄株高相对生长速率,显著降低土壤pH值(P<0.05)。施用SCP能显著提高番茄的株高相对生长速率、果实品质、土壤肥力,显著增加番茄产量(5.10%,P<0.05);施用BJ能促进番茄增产,显著提高根系活力和果实糖酸比(P<0.05);施用MS能显著提高果实可溶性固形物和维生素C含量及株高相对生长率,显著增加土壤速效钾含量和根系总表面积(P<0.05)。综上,SCP处理能有效改善土壤肥力,促进植株生长,提高果实品质和产量,为最佳处理。相关性分析结果表明,pH值、磷酸酶活性越高越不利于植株生长和果实品质的提高,有机质、速效氮含量越高越有利于植株生长和果实品质的提高。
Aimed at screening effective soil amendment to relieve the continuous cropping obstacle in Ningxia,we applied a self-made acidic amendment(SM),mineral soil improver(MS),silicon calcium potassium amendment(SCP),Beijing Ziguang acidic acidic amendment(BJ),desulfurization residues amendment(DR),microbial amendment(M) as treatments to research the effect of different types of soil amendment on tomato plants growth characteristics and soil fertility,in contrast,no soil amendment was applied.The results showed that the application of soil amendments could significantly increase the relative growth rate of tomato plants and reduce the soil pH(P<0.05).The application of SCP could significantly increase the relative growth rate of plant height,fruit quality,soil fertility and fruit yield,and increase output by 5.10%(P<0.05).The application of BJ increased tomato production,root activity and fruit sugar acid ratio(P<0.05).The application of MS significantly increased soluble solids and vitamin C content and relative growth rate of plant height along with the soil potassium content and total surface proportion of root system(P<0.05).In summary,SCP treatment,which served as the best treatment,could effectively improve soil fertility,promote plant growth,improve fruit quality and yield.Correlation analysis showed that the higher the pH values and phosphatase activity was,the less favorable it was to the plant growth and fruit quality,and the higher the content of organic matter and available N was,the better it was to the plant growth and fruit quality.
Aimed at screening effective soil amendment to relieve the continuous cropping obstacle in Ningxia,we applied a self-made acidic amendment(SM),mineral soil improver(MS),silicon calcium potassium amendment(SCP),Beijing Ziguang acidic acidic amendment(BJ),desulfurization residues amendment(DR),microbial amendment(M) as treatments to research the effect of different types of soil amendment on tomato plants growth characteristics and soil fertility,in contrast,no soil amendment was applied.The results showed that the application of soil amendments could significantly increase the relative growth rate of tomato plants and reduce the soil pH(P<0.05).The application of SCP could significantly increase the relative growth rate of plant height,fruit quality,soil fertility and fruit yield,and increase output by 5.10%(P<0.05).The application of BJ increased tomato production,root activity and fruit sugar acid ratio(P<0.05).The application of MS significantly increased soluble solids and vitamin C content and relative growth rate of plant height along with the soil potassium content and total surface proportion of root system(P<0.05).In summary,SCP treatment,which served as the best treatment,could effectively improve soil fertility,promote plant growth,improve fruit quality and yield.Correlation analysis showed that the higher the pH values and phosphatase activity was,the less favorable it was to the plant growth and fruit quality,and the higher the content of organic matter and available N was,the better it was to the plant growth and fruit quality.
引文
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[29] 蒙园园,石林.矿物质调理剂中铝的稳定性及其对酸性土壤的改良作用[J].土壤,2017,49(2):345-349.
[30] 王斌,马兴旺,单娜娜,等.新疆盐碱地土壤改良剂的选择与应用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):111-115.
[31] 陈之群.土壤调理剂对土壤理化性质及蔬菜生理生化的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2006.
[32] 解开治,徐培智,陈建生,等.酸性土壤改良剂在南方旱坡地花生上的应用效果研究[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(11):10-12.
[33] 刘馨,许帆,祁娟霞,等.柠条堆肥和改良剂对黄瓜连作土壤理化性质、酶活性和微生物数量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(7):49-56.
[34] JAKOBSEN I,SMITH S E,SMITH F A.Mycrrhizal ecolony[M].Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,2002:75-92.
[2] 李洪连.根际微生物多样性与棉花对黄萎病抗病性关系研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,1999.
[3] 李茜,孙兆军,秦萍.宁夏盐碱地现状及改良措施综述[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(33):10808-10810.
[4] 吴淑芳,吴普特.化学物质对提高雨水利用率的应用研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(2):146-149.
[5] 吴增芳.土壤结构改良剂[M].北京:科学出版社,1976:24-34.
[6] 陈义群,董元华.土壤改良剂的研究与应用进展[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1282-1289.
[7] 孙毅,高玉山,闫孝贡,等.石膏改良苏打盐碱土研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(S1):97-101.
[8] 官娅莉,陈静曦,李洪飞.磷石膏对盐碱土的改良研究[J].内蒙古环境科学,2008,20(1):57-59.
[9] 刘阳春,何文寿,何进智,等.盐碱地改良利用研究进展[J].农业科学研究,2007,28(2):68-71.
[10] 周岩,武继承.土壤改良剂的研究现状、问题与展望[J].河南农业科学,2010,39(8):152-155.
[11] 李道林,何传龙,闫晓明.不同土壤调理剂在砂姜黑土上应用效果研究[J].土壤,2000,32(4):210-214.
[12] 李彰,熊瑛,吕强,等.微生物土壤改良剂对烟草生长及耕层环境的影响[J].河南农业科学,2010,39(9):56-60.
[13] 辛承松,罗振,孔祥强,等.硅钙钾肥对盐碱地棉花生长发育及生理特性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(8):69-72.
[14] 温映红.硅钙钾肥在苹果和枣树上的应用效果研究[D].太原:山西农业大学,2014.
[15] 刘杰,罗尊长,肖小平,等.土壤调理剂对冷浸田土壤特性及水稻生长的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(3):529-533.
[16] 赵风兰,刘彩玲.矿物质土壤调理剂的研制与应用[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(12):2061-2063.
[17] 许帆.柠条堆肥与改良剂对黄瓜连作土壤特性影响研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2016.
[18] 郑普山,郝保平,冯悦晨,等.不同盐碱地改良剂对土壤理化性质、紫花苜蓿生长及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(9):1216-1221.
[19] 赵世杰,刘华山,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1998:10.
[20] BOUMA T J,NIELSEN K L,KOUTSTAAL B A S.Sample preparation and scanning protocol for computerised analysis of root length and diameter[J].Plant and Soil,2000,218(1):185-196.
[21] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[22] 玉苏甫·阿不力提甫,阿依古丽·铁木儿,李疆,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价梨砧木抗寒性[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(3):121-129.
[23] 邵文山,李国旗.土壤酶功能及测定方法研究进展[J].北方园艺,2016(9):188-193.
[24] ZHANG S S,RAZA W,YANG X M,et al.Control of Fusariumwilt disease of cucumber plants with the application of abioorganic fertilizer[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2008,44(8):1073-1080.
[25] 张凌云.土壤改良剂研究概况[J].农业开发与装备,2013(7):98.
[26] 李卫,徐福利,于钦民,等.施用硅钙钾肥对日光温室黄瓜生长与产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(6):41-43.
[27] 刘中良,郑建利,孙哲,等.土壤改良剂对设施番茄土壤微生物群落、品质及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(S1):394-398.
[28] 徐胜涛.土壤改良剂对马铃薯生长和土壤质量的作用机制[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[29] 蒙园园,石林.矿物质调理剂中铝的稳定性及其对酸性土壤的改良作用[J].土壤,2017,49(2):345-349.
[30] 王斌,马兴旺,单娜娜,等.新疆盐碱地土壤改良剂的选择与应用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):111-115.
[31] 陈之群.土壤调理剂对土壤理化性质及蔬菜生理生化的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2006.
[32] 解开治,徐培智,陈建生,等.酸性土壤改良剂在南方旱坡地花生上的应用效果研究[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(11):10-12.
[33] 刘馨,许帆,祁娟霞,等.柠条堆肥和改良剂对黄瓜连作土壤理化性质、酶活性和微生物数量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(7):49-56.
[34] JAKOBSEN I,SMITH S E,SMITH F A.Mycrrhizal ecolony[M].Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,2002:75-92.