短季棉新品种德0720生长环境优化研究
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摘要
为探究密度、肥料和化控共同作用对短季棉新品种德0720个体发育、冠层结构及产量品质的影响,本研究于2014-2015年进行大田试验,采用五因素四二二二二水平正交试验设计,共设置8个处理(T1～T8),研究不同密度、肥料和化控水平下,德0720个体发育、冠层结构的动态变化及相关性状。结果表明,不同处理下德0720的株高均表现出相同的动态变化规律,从见蕾期到盛花期增长迅速,盛花期(7月30日)打顶后基本停止生长,从盛花期到吐絮期,株高随着密度增大而增加,随着化控量增大而降低;茎粗从见蕾期到盛花期迅速增粗,盛花期(7月30日)打顶后增速减慢,盛铃期(8月15日)后逐渐趋于稳定,随着生育进程的推进,茎粗随着密度的增大而减小;叶面积指数(LAI)从盛蕾期至盛铃期持续增长,盛铃期后明显下降;底层透光率表现出与叶面积指数相反的变化规律,以盛铃期底层透光率为4.8%时产量最高;德0720霜前皮棉产量结果2014年依次表现为T6>T2>T3>T7>T8>T4>T5>T1,2015年表现为T6>T7>T3>T8>T4>T1>T5,其中T6和T2极显著高于其它处理,通过偏最小二乘回归建模对2年产量结果进行分析,T6为最佳处理组合,2014年霜前皮棉产量达到1 776.0 kg·hm~(-2),2015年霜前皮棉产量达到1 470.0 kg·hm~(-2);不同处理下德0720的纤维品质差异不显著。本研究结果为充分发挥短季棉新品种德0720增产潜力和科学开发利用该品种提供了理论依据。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of density, fertilizer and chemical control on the development, canopy structure, yield and quality of new short-season cotton variety De0720.The field experiment was conducted in 2014-2015.The dynamic changes of individual development and canopy structure, and related traits were observed under different density, fertilizer and chemical control levels based on orthogonal design of the five factors and four-two-two-two-two levels. The results showed that the plant height of De0720 with different treatments had the same dynamic change,which the height increased rapidly from budding stage to full flowering stage, and nearly stopped increasing after tip pruning(July 30). From full flowering stage to boll opening stage, the height increased with the increase of density and decreased with the increase of chemical control amount. The stem diameter increased rapidly from budding stage to full flowering stage, increased slowly after tip pruning(July 30), and stabilized after full-boll stage(August 15).With the growth of cotton, the stem diameter decreased with the increase of density. The leaf area index(LAI) continued to increase from full bud stage to full-boll stage, and significantly decreased after full-boll stage. The light transmission ratio of population bottom showed an opposite trend compared to leaf area index. The highest yield of cotton was obtained when light transmission ratio was 4.8% at full-boll stage. In 2014, pre-frost lint cotton yields of D0720 were presented T6>T2>T7>T3>T8>T4>T5>T1,and in 2015 T6>T2>T7>T3>T8>T4>T1>T5, which those of T6 and T2 were significantly higher than other treatments. Based on partial least-squares regression model, the analysis of the two years cotton yields showed that the treatments of T6 was the best combination, and these yields of 2014 and 2015 were 1 776.0 kg·hm~(-2) and 1 470.0 kg·hm~(-2) respectively. The difference in De0720 fiber quality of different treatments was not significant. This study provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of yield potential and scientific exploitation of new varieties of De0720.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of density, fertilizer and chemical control on the development, canopy structure, yield and quality of new short-season cotton variety De0720.The field experiment was conducted in 2014-2015.The dynamic changes of individual development and canopy structure, and related traits were observed under different density, fertilizer and chemical control levels based on orthogonal design of the five factors and four-two-two-two-two levels. The results showed that the plant height of De0720 with different treatments had the same dynamic change,which the height increased rapidly from budding stage to full flowering stage, and nearly stopped increasing after tip pruning(July 30). From full flowering stage to boll opening stage, the height increased with the increase of density and decreased with the increase of chemical control amount. The stem diameter increased rapidly from budding stage to full flowering stage, increased slowly after tip pruning(July 30), and stabilized after full-boll stage(August 15).With the growth of cotton, the stem diameter decreased with the increase of density. The leaf area index(LAI) continued to increase from full bud stage to full-boll stage, and significantly decreased after full-boll stage. The light transmission ratio of population bottom showed an opposite trend compared to leaf area index. The highest yield of cotton was obtained when light transmission ratio was 4.8% at full-boll stage. In 2014, pre-frost lint cotton yields of D0720 were presented T6>T2>T7>T3>T8>T4>T5>T1,and in 2015 T6>T2>T7>T3>T8>T4>T1>T5, which those of T6 and T2 were significantly higher than other treatments. Based on partial least-squares regression model, the analysis of the two years cotton yields showed that the treatments of T6 was the best combination, and these yields of 2014 and 2015 were 1 776.0 kg·hm~(-2) and 1 470.0 kg·hm~(-2) respectively. The difference in De0720 fiber quality of different treatments was not significant. This study provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of yield potential and scientific exploitation of new varieties of De0720.
引文
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[12] 张旺锋, 王振林, 余松烈,李少昆,房建, 童文崧.种植密度对新疆高产棉花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(2):164-171
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[14] 李志强,杨永林,刘洪亮,刘晓伟,田玲枝. 不同施肥量对北疆高产棉花冠层结构、养分吸收和产量构成的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(33):105-109
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[16] 李建峰, 胡艳飞, 李新强,宋先慧,王迎雅,郑继亮.施用不同类型氮肥对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国棉花,2017,44(4):24-26
[17] 李永旗,夏绍南,李鹏程,刘敬然,刘爱忠,孙淼,王晓茹,王刚,董合林.花铃期叶施不同浓度尿素对棉株氮素吸收分配及生理生化特性的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(3):580-587
[18] 罗宏海,张宏芝,陶先萍,张亚黎,张旺锋.水氮运筹对膜下滴灌棉花光合特性及产量形成的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2): 407-415
[19] 罗宏海,张宏芝,陶先萍,张亚黎,张旺锋.膜下滴灌条件下水氮供应对棉花根系及叶片衰老特性的调节[J].中国农业科学,2013, 46(10):2142-2150
[20] 冯国艺,姚炎帝,杜明伟,田景山,罗宏海,张亚黎,张旺锋.缩节胺(DPC)对干旱区杂交棉冠层结构及群体光合生产的调节[J].棉花学报,2012,24(1):44-51
[21] 罗宏海,赵瑞海,韩春丽,张旺锋.缩节胺(DPC)对不同密度下棉花冠层结构特征与产量性状的影响[J].棉花学报,2011, 23(4):334-340
[22] 王欣悦,刘爱玉,邹茜,向凤玲,欧阳燕莎. 栽培措施对棉花短季直播群体冠层结构和光合作用的影响[J]. 作物研究,2015,29(2):122-126
[23] 李伶俐,房卫平,马宗斌,谢德意,杜远仿,张东林.氮钾配合施用对短季棉光合特性和产量品质的影响[J].棉花学报,2008,20(5):379-384
[24] 马宗斌,李伶俐, 谢德意,房卫平,杨铁刚.施肥与缩节胺配合对麦后直播夏棉光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(10):94-97
[25] 毛丽丽.种植密度和縮节安对麦套棉花生长和产量形成的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2015
[26] 罗宏海,张旺锋,赵瑞海,韩春丽,施敏.种植密度对新疆膜下滴灌棉花群体光合速率、冠层结构及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(4):112-114
[27] 赵振勇,田长彦,马英杰, 吕昭智,王平.高密度种植下棉花群体质量主要指标研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(3):9-13
[28] 李伶俐,杜远仿,张东林,马宗斌,谢德意.不同密度与缩节安用量对麦后短季棉光合特性及产量、品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2008,22(7):51-53
[29] 秦亚平,涂勇,顾正清.群体透光率的测定在棉花高产优质群体构建中的应用[J].江西棉花,2002,24(4):11-13
[30] 贺冬梅.偏最小二乘回归应用及最优玉米水肥耦合模型建立[J].中国农业信息,2014,21(11):52-53
[31] 田艺心,高凤菊.高蛋白大豆水肥耦合效应研究-基于均匀设计偏最小二乘回归建模分析[J].核农学报,2018,32(3):561-568
[2] 支春学. 河南安阳种植短季棉的意义和关键技术[J].中国棉花,2014,41(11):31-32
[3] 王树林,杜海英,祁虹,张谦,林永增,王志忠,李智峰,冯国义.密度、肥料和化控对棉花生育性状及产量的影响[J].河北农业科学,2012,16(9):22-25
[4] 支晓宇.密度对棉花产量及种子和纤维品质的影响研究[D].安阳:中国农业科学院,2015
[5] 支晓宇,毛树春,韩迎春,李亚兵,杜文丽,李小新,王国平,范正义,杨北方,冯璐.密度对棉花产量及棉铃内部产量构成的影响[J].棉花学报,2015,27(3):216-222
[6] Zhao W C, Du M W, Xu D Y, Lu H Y, Tian X L, Li Z H. Interactions of single mepiquat chloride application at different growth stages with climate, cultivar and plant population for cotton yield[J]. Crop Science, 2017, 57(3): 1-12
[7] Yang F Q, Du M W, Tian X L, Eneji A E, Duan L S, Li Z H. Plant growth regulation enhanced potassium uptake and use efficiency in cotton[J]. Field Crops Research, 2014, 163(1): 109-118
[8] Ren X M, Zhang L Z, Du M W, Evers J B, Werf W Ⅴ, Tian X L, Li Z H. Managing mepiquat chloride and plant density for optimal yield and quality of cotton[J]. Field Crops Research, 2013, 149(2): 1-10
[9] Mao L L, Zhang L Z, Evers J B,Werf W Ⅴ, Liu S D, Zhang S P, Wang B M, Li Z H. Yield components and quality of intercropped cotton in response to mepiquat chloride and plant density[J]. Field Crops Research, 2015, 179(1): 63-71
[10] Dong H Z, Li W J, Eneji A E, Zhang D M. Nitrogen rate and plant density effects on yield and late-season leaf senescence of cotton raised on a saline field[J]. Field Crops Research, 2012, 126(1): 137-144
[11] 吕新,张伟,曹连莆.不同密度对新疆高产棉花冠层结构光合特性和产量形成的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(1):142-148
[12] 张旺锋, 王振林, 余松烈,李少昆,房建, 童文崧.种植密度对新疆高产棉花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(2):164-171
[13] 李鹏程,郑苍松,孙淼,刘绍东,张思平,王国平,李亚兵,赵新华,董合林.土壤全氮含量和施氮水平对棉花产量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(8): 1612 - 1617
[14] 李志强,杨永林,刘洪亮,刘晓伟,田玲枝. 不同施肥量对北疆高产棉花冠层结构、养分吸收和产量构成的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(33):105-109
[15] 李祥云,宋朝玉,王瑞英,王圣健, 李振清,高峻岭.氮磷钾不同配比对棉花生物学性状和产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2009,4(68):70-73
[16] 李建峰, 胡艳飞, 李新强,宋先慧,王迎雅,郑继亮.施用不同类型氮肥对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国棉花,2017,44(4):24-26
[17] 李永旗,夏绍南,李鹏程,刘敬然,刘爱忠,孙淼,王晓茹,王刚,董合林.花铃期叶施不同浓度尿素对棉株氮素吸收分配及生理生化特性的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(3):580-587
[18] 罗宏海,张宏芝,陶先萍,张亚黎,张旺锋.水氮运筹对膜下滴灌棉花光合特性及产量形成的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2): 407-415
[19] 罗宏海,张宏芝,陶先萍,张亚黎,张旺锋.膜下滴灌条件下水氮供应对棉花根系及叶片衰老特性的调节[J].中国农业科学,2013, 46(10):2142-2150
[20] 冯国艺,姚炎帝,杜明伟,田景山,罗宏海,张亚黎,张旺锋.缩节胺(DPC)对干旱区杂交棉冠层结构及群体光合生产的调节[J].棉花学报,2012,24(1):44-51
[21] 罗宏海,赵瑞海,韩春丽,张旺锋.缩节胺(DPC)对不同密度下棉花冠层结构特征与产量性状的影响[J].棉花学报,2011, 23(4):334-340
[22] 王欣悦,刘爱玉,邹茜,向凤玲,欧阳燕莎. 栽培措施对棉花短季直播群体冠层结构和光合作用的影响[J]. 作物研究,2015,29(2):122-126
[23] 李伶俐,房卫平,马宗斌,谢德意,杜远仿,张东林.氮钾配合施用对短季棉光合特性和产量品质的影响[J].棉花学报,2008,20(5):379-384
[24] 马宗斌,李伶俐, 谢德意,房卫平,杨铁刚.施肥与缩节胺配合对麦后直播夏棉光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(10):94-97
[25] 毛丽丽.种植密度和縮节安对麦套棉花生长和产量形成的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2015
[26] 罗宏海,张旺锋,赵瑞海,韩春丽,施敏.种植密度对新疆膜下滴灌棉花群体光合速率、冠层结构及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(4):112-114
[27] 赵振勇,田长彦,马英杰, 吕昭智,王平.高密度种植下棉花群体质量主要指标研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(3):9-13
[28] 李伶俐,杜远仿,张东林,马宗斌,谢德意.不同密度与缩节安用量对麦后短季棉光合特性及产量、品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2008,22(7):51-53
[29] 秦亚平,涂勇,顾正清.群体透光率的测定在棉花高产优质群体构建中的应用[J].江西棉花,2002,24(4):11-13
[30] 贺冬梅.偏最小二乘回归应用及最优玉米水肥耦合模型建立[J].中国农业信息,2014,21(11):52-53
[31] 田艺心,高凤菊.高蛋白大豆水肥耦合效应研究-基于均匀设计偏最小二乘回归建模分析[J].核农学报,2018,32(3):561-568