基于不同夏填闲作物及种植密度的设施土壤磷素吸收与淋失阻控研究
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摘要
设施土壤磷素污染日益严重。选用两种夏填闲作物糯玉米和甜高粱,设计了不同种植密度的6个处理,分别为糯玉米常规密度(NYZ,4.95株/m~2)、糯玉米高等密度(NYG,7.50株/m~2)、糯玉米超高密度(NYC,9.90株/m~2)、甜高粱常规密度(TGZ,6.75株/m~2)、甜高粱高等密度(TGG,10.49株/m~2)和甜高粱超高密度(TGC,13.49株/m~2)。结果表明,糯玉米和甜高粱常规密度种植并没有达到饱和,两种填闲作物超高密度种植对其长势并不会有大的影响,甚至可促进作物因对光的竞争而长高,提高单位面积干生物量和品质。随种植密度的增大,两种填闲作物的根部的吸磷量显著减小,地上部位显著增大,TGC的总吸磷量最高。种植夏填闲作物对0～30cm的浅层设施土壤中有效磷和水溶性磷具有良好的淋失阻控效果,以TGC的效果最好。因此,TGC对设施土壤磷素吸收和淋失阻控的效果最好。
Phosphorus pollution in the greenhouse soil is becoming more and more serious.Two summer catch crops like waxy corn and sweet sorghum were selected,and 6 treatments with different planting density were designed.Thye were conventional density of waxy corn(NYZ,4.95 plants/m~2),high density of waxy corn(NYG,7.50 plants/m~2),ultra-high density of waxy corn(NYC,9.90 plants/m~2),conventional density of sweet sorghum(TGZ,6.75 plants/m~2),high density of sweet sorghum(TGG,10.49 plants/m~2)and ultra-high density of sweet sorghum(TGC,13.49 plants/m~2).Results showed that waxy corn and sweet sorghum did not reach saturation under conventional density.Ultra-high density had little influence on growth vigour of both of them.On the contrary,ultrahigh density could increase dry biomass per square and quality because of phototropism.With the increase of planting density,their phosphorus uptake in root decreased significantly while that in up-ground opposite.Summer catch crops planting also had good leaching control effect on available phosphorus and water soluble phosphorus in shallow soil of0-30 cm.Of all the treatments,TGC had the highest phosphorus uptake and best leaching control effect.Therefore,the TGC was the best treatment.
Phosphorus pollution in the greenhouse soil is becoming more and more serious.Two summer catch crops like waxy corn and sweet sorghum were selected,and 6 treatments with different planting density were designed.Thye were conventional density of waxy corn(NYZ,4.95 plants/m~2),high density of waxy corn(NYG,7.50 plants/m~2),ultra-high density of waxy corn(NYC,9.90 plants/m~2),conventional density of sweet sorghum(TGZ,6.75 plants/m~2),high density of sweet sorghum(TGG,10.49 plants/m~2)and ultra-high density of sweet sorghum(TGC,13.49 plants/m~2).Results showed that waxy corn and sweet sorghum did not reach saturation under conventional density.Ultra-high density had little influence on growth vigour of both of them.On the contrary,ultrahigh density could increase dry biomass per square and quality because of phototropism.With the increase of planting density,their phosphorus uptake in root decreased significantly while that in up-ground opposite.Summer catch crops planting also had good leaching control effect on available phosphorus and water soluble phosphorus in shallow soil of0-30 cm.Of all the treatments,TGC had the highest phosphorus uptake and best leaching control effect.Therefore,the TGC was the best treatment.
引文
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[6]吴萍萍,刘金剑,周毅,等.长期不同施肥制度对红壤稻田肥料利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(2):277-283.
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[12]王岩,黄瑞冬.种植密度对甜高粱生长发育、产量及含糖量的影响[J].作物杂志,2008(3):49-51.
[13]于永静,郭兴强,谢光辉,等.不同行株距种植对甜高粱生物量和茎秆汁液锤度的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(5):35-39.
[14]雷学军,吴毅,黄馨,等.甜高粱根际溶磷菌溶磷能力及菌株特性研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):274-278.
[15]苏富源,郝明德,张晓娟,等.施肥对甜高粱产量、养分吸收及品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(3):396-405.
[16]陆虎华,赵浚宇,陈国清,等.磷素施用对糯玉米子粒产量和磷素积累分配的影响[J].玉米科学,2016,24(5):128-135.
[17]王艳秋,邹剑秋,张志鹏,等.密度及氮、磷、钾配比对甜高粱生物产量和茎秆含糖锤度的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):103-110.
[2]DEJAGER P C,CLAASSENS A S.Long-term phosphorus desorption kinetics of an acid sand clay soil from Mpumalanga,South Africa[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2005,36(1/2/3):309-319.
[3]章明奎,王丽平.旱耕地土壤磷垂直迁移机理的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(1):282-285.
[4]余海英,李廷轩,张锡洲.温室栽培系统的养分平衡及土壤养分变化特征[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(3):514-522.
[5]项大力,杨学云,孙本华,等.灌溉水平对土壤磷素淋失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(1):112-117.
[6]吴萍萍,刘金剑,周毅,等.长期不同施肥制度对红壤稻田肥料利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(2):277-283.
[7]王兴仁.大棚土壤退化治理修复有方[N].河南科技报,2015-01-27(B02).
[8]文方芳,韩宝,于跃跃,等.4种填闲作物对设施菜田土壤次生盐渍化的改良效果[J].中国农技推广,2015,31(4):44-46.
[9]MASOOD T,GUL R,MUNSIF F,et al.Effect of different phosphorus levels on the yield and yield components of maize[J].Sarhad Journal of Agriculture,2011,27(2):167-170.
[10]卢树昌,陈清,张福锁,等.河北果园主分布区土壤磷素投入特点及磷负荷风险分析[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(10):3149-3157.
[11]张华文,秦岭,杨延兵,等.种植密度和品种对甜高粱生物性状与产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2008(7):13-15.
[12]王岩,黄瑞冬.种植密度对甜高粱生长发育、产量及含糖量的影响[J].作物杂志,2008(3):49-51.
[13]于永静,郭兴强,谢光辉,等.不同行株距种植对甜高粱生物量和茎秆汁液锤度的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(5):35-39.
[14]雷学军,吴毅,黄馨,等.甜高粱根际溶磷菌溶磷能力及菌株特性研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):274-278.
[15]苏富源,郝明德,张晓娟,等.施肥对甜高粱产量、养分吸收及品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(3):396-405.
[16]陆虎华,赵浚宇,陈国清,等.磷素施用对糯玉米子粒产量和磷素积累分配的影响[J].玉米科学,2016,24(5):128-135.
[17]王艳秋,邹剑秋,张志鹏,等.密度及氮、磷、钾配比对甜高粱生物产量和茎秆含糖锤度的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):103-110.