重庆黑风洞石笋灰度记录的全新世季风气候变化
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摘要
基于重庆地区黑风洞石笋HF01的~(230)Th年代数据、灰度数据、氧同位素数据和Fe含量数据,重建了长江中上游地区全新世季风变化历史。结果显示石笋HF01的灰度值主要响应东亚季风变化,石笋灰度序列能够记录东亚全新世季风气候变化历史,即全新世早中期东亚夏季风增强,在6 ka B.P.以后季风逐渐减弱。石笋HF01的灰度序列清晰地记录了一系列的Bond事件,显示石笋灰度值对气候环境变化敏感,是可靠的气候环境信息载体;也进一步证明东亚季风不仅受太阳辐射驱动,还受高纬地区千年尺度的气候变化影响。石笋HF01灰度序列功率谱所呈现的55 a周期与太平洋数10 a尺度涛动(PDO)的50~70a周期一致,45、25、23、22、18、12 a周期接近于太阳活动周期,说明在数十年至百年尺度上东亚季风可能受太平洋涛动和太阳活动的共同影响。
Heifeng Cave( 28°50'-29°20'N,107°00'-107°20' E; 1980m above sea value) is located at the north slope of the Jinfo Mountains,and the climate here is controlled by Asian monsoon system,with abundant rainfall and high temperature in summer. Stalagmite HF01 was collected from Heifeng Cave,the research area in this paper. Based on the230 Th dating results,grey scale data,oxygen isotope data and trace elements data,the grey scale time series of the stalagmite HF01 grown during the Holocene is established.Results suggest that the grey scale of stalagmite HF01 is controlled by the East Asian monsoon variability. The main trend of Holocene climate change is: in the early and middle Holocene,the summer monsoon of North Hemisphere increase gradually,and in late Holocene decreased continually; this change of stalagmite HF01 is reflected from both the evolution of δ18O value and the grey scale of stalagmite. The grey scale of HF01stalagmites responses to 8 cold events of the North Atlantic record,indicating that the grey scale of stalagmite is closely associated with variations in past climates and environments. Using the spectral analysis of Redfit 37,the main cycles of stalagmite records from grey scale are 55 a,45 a,40 a,33 a,25 a,23 a,22 a,18 a,16 a,14 a and 12 a. The 55 a cycle may be related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation( PDO),and 45 a,25 a,23 a,22 a,18 a,and 12 a cycles agree well with the solar activity,suggesting that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation( PDO) and solar activity changes may be partly responsible for centennial-decadal changes in East Asian monsoon.
Heifeng Cave( 28°50'-29°20'N,107°00'-107°20' E; 1980m above sea value) is located at the north slope of the Jinfo Mountains,and the climate here is controlled by Asian monsoon system,with abundant rainfall and high temperature in summer. Stalagmite HF01 was collected from Heifeng Cave,the research area in this paper. Based on the230 Th dating results,grey scale data,oxygen isotope data and trace elements data,the grey scale time series of the stalagmite HF01 grown during the Holocene is established.Results suggest that the grey scale of stalagmite HF01 is controlled by the East Asian monsoon variability. The main trend of Holocene climate change is: in the early and middle Holocene,the summer monsoon of North Hemisphere increase gradually,and in late Holocene decreased continually; this change of stalagmite HF01 is reflected from both the evolution of δ18O value and the grey scale of stalagmite. The grey scale of HF01stalagmites responses to 8 cold events of the North Atlantic record,indicating that the grey scale of stalagmite is closely associated with variations in past climates and environments. Using the spectral analysis of Redfit 37,the main cycles of stalagmite records from grey scale are 55 a,45 a,40 a,33 a,25 a,23 a,22 a,18 a,16 a,14 a and 12 a. The 55 a cycle may be related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation( PDO),and 45 a,25 a,23 a,22 a,18 a,and 12 a cycles agree well with the solar activity,suggesting that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation( PDO) and solar activity changes may be partly responsible for centennial-decadal changes in East Asian monsoon.
引文
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[25]Dykoski C A,Edwards R L,Cheng H.A high-resolution,absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,233(3):71-86.
[26]Laskar J.A long term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2004,428(1):101-106.
[27]Haug G H,Hughen K A,Sigman D M,et al.Southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Holocene[J].Science,2001,293(12):1304-1308.
[28]汪品先.全球季风的地质演变[J].科学通报,2009,54(5):535-556.
[29]张美良,程海,林玉石等.贵州荔波1.5万年以来石笋高分辨率古气候环境记录[J].地球化学,2004,33(1):65-74.
[30]Frisia S,Borsato A,Faircild I J.Calcite fabrics,growth mechanisms,and environment of formation in speleothems from the Italian Alps and South Western Ireland[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70(6):1183-1196.
[31]Zhou H Y,Greig A,You C F.Arsenic in a speleothem from Central China:Stadial-interstadial variations and implications[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(8):1278-1283.
[32]Kuczumow A,Genty D,Pierre Chevallier P.Annual resolution analysis of a SW-France stalagmite by X-ray synchrotron microprobe analysis[J].Spectrochiica Acta,Part B,2003,58(2):851-865.
[33]Bond G,Showers W,Cheseby M,et al.A pervasive millennial-Scale cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and glacial climate[J].Science,1997,278(6):1257-1266.
[34]Bond G,Kromer B,Beer J,et al.Persistent solar influence on north Atlantic climate during the Holocene[J].Science,2001,294:2130-2136.
[35]Wiersma A P,Renssen H.Model-data comparison for the 8,2 ka BP event:Confirmation of a forcing mechanism by catastrophic drainage of Laurentide Lakes[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2006,25(5):63-88.
[36]Neff U,Burns J,Mangini A,et al.Strong coherence between solar variability and the monsoon in Oman between 9 and 6 ka ago[J].Nature,2001,411(7):290-293.
[37]Gupta A K,Thomas E.Initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and strengthening of the Northeast Indian Monsoon,ocean drilling program site758,eastern equatorial Indian Ocean[J].Geology,2003,31(3):47-50.
[38]Mantua N J,Hare S R.The Pacific decadal oscillation[J].Journal of Oceanogrphy,2002,58(1):35-44.
[39]Qian C,Zhou T.Multi decadal variability of North China aridity and its relationship to PDO during 1990-2010[J].Journal of Climate,2014,27(3):1210-1222.
[2]Henderson G M.Caving in to new chronologies[J].Science,2006,313(1):620-622.
[3]Fairchild I J,Smith C L,Baker A,et al.Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems[J].Earth Science Reviews,2006,75(3):105-153.
[4]Wang Y,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.A high resolution absolute dated late Pleistocene Monsoon record from Hulu Cave,China[J].Science,2001,294(7):2345-2348.
[5]Wang Y,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.The Holocene Asian monsoon:Links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate[J].Science,2005,308(8):854-857.
[6]Wang Y,Cheng H,Edwards R L.Millennial-and orbital-scale changes in the East Asian monsoon over the past 224,000 years[J].Nature,2008,451(6):1090-1093.
[7]Fleitmann D,Burns S,Mudelsee M,et al.Holocene forcing of the Indian monsoon recorded in a stalagmite from Southern Oman[J].Science,2001,300(6):1737-1739.
[8]Yuan D,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.Duration,and transitions of the Last Interglacial Asian Monsoon[J].Science,2004,304(5):575-578.
[9]Zhang P Z,Cheng H,Edwards R L.A test of climate,sun,and culture relationships from an 1810-year Chinese cave record[J].Science,2008,322(5903):940-942.
[10]Cheng H,Edwards R L,Broecker W S.Ice age terminations[J].Science,2009,326(3):248-252.
[11]谭明,南素兰.中国季风区降水同位素年际变化的“环流效应”初探[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(3):620-622.
[12]谭明.环流效应:中国季风区石笋氧同位素短尺度变化的气候意义-古气候记录与现代气候研究的一次对话[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(5):851-862.
[13]谭明.信风驱动的中国季风区石笋δ18O与大尺度温度场负耦合-从年代际变率到岁差周期的环流效应[J].第四纪研究,2011,31(6):1086-1097.
[14]Pausata F S R,Battisti D S,Nisancioglu K H,et al.Chinese stalagmiteδ18O controlled by changes in the Indian monsoon during a simulated Heinrich event[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(5):474-480.
[15]程海,艾思本,王先锋等.中国南方石笋氧同位素记录的重要意义[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(2):157-163.
[16]杨勋林,袁道先,张月明等.湖北仙女山人工隧洞现代石笋气候学-灰度及其指示意义[J].中国岩溶,2012,31(3):248-252.
[17]孙东怀,刘禹,谭明.古环境记录的数字图像分析及应用[J].科学通报,2002,47(21):1613-1618.
[18]Gascoyne M.Trace elements in calcite:The only cause of speleothem color[J].National Speleological Society Bulletin,1978,40(1):90-91.
[19]Shopov Y Y,Ford D C,Schwarcz H P.Luminescent microbanding in speleothems:High-resolution chronology and paleoclimate[J].Geology,1994,22(4):407-410.
[20]Baker A,Barnes W L,Peter L S.Speleothem luminescence intensity and spectral characteristics:Signal calibration and a record of palaeovegetation change[J].Chemical Geology,1996,130(2):65-76.
[21]刘东生,谭明,秦小光.洞穴碳酸钙微层理在中国的首次发现及其对全球变化研究的意义[J].第四纪研究,1997,3(1):41-51.
[22]张德忠,白益军,桑文翠等.末次冰消期亚洲季风强度变化的黄土高原西部万象洞石笋灰度记录[J].第四纪研究,2011,31(5):791-799.
[23]张任,朱学稳,韩道山等.重庆市南川金佛山岩溶洞穴发育特征初析[J].中国岩溶,1998,17(3):196-211.
[24]Hu C,Henderson G M,Huang J.Quantification of Holocene Asian monsoon rainfall from spatially separated cave records[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,266(3):221-232.
[25]Dykoski C A,Edwards R L,Cheng H.A high-resolution,absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,233(3):71-86.
[26]Laskar J.A long term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2004,428(1):101-106.
[27]Haug G H,Hughen K A,Sigman D M,et al.Southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Holocene[J].Science,2001,293(12):1304-1308.
[28]汪品先.全球季风的地质演变[J].科学通报,2009,54(5):535-556.
[29]张美良,程海,林玉石等.贵州荔波1.5万年以来石笋高分辨率古气候环境记录[J].地球化学,2004,33(1):65-74.
[30]Frisia S,Borsato A,Faircild I J.Calcite fabrics,growth mechanisms,and environment of formation in speleothems from the Italian Alps and South Western Ireland[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70(6):1183-1196.
[31]Zhou H Y,Greig A,You C F.Arsenic in a speleothem from Central China:Stadial-interstadial variations and implications[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(8):1278-1283.
[32]Kuczumow A,Genty D,Pierre Chevallier P.Annual resolution analysis of a SW-France stalagmite by X-ray synchrotron microprobe analysis[J].Spectrochiica Acta,Part B,2003,58(2):851-865.
[33]Bond G,Showers W,Cheseby M,et al.A pervasive millennial-Scale cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and glacial climate[J].Science,1997,278(6):1257-1266.
[34]Bond G,Kromer B,Beer J,et al.Persistent solar influence on north Atlantic climate during the Holocene[J].Science,2001,294:2130-2136.
[35]Wiersma A P,Renssen H.Model-data comparison for the 8,2 ka BP event:Confirmation of a forcing mechanism by catastrophic drainage of Laurentide Lakes[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2006,25(5):63-88.
[36]Neff U,Burns J,Mangini A,et al.Strong coherence between solar variability and the monsoon in Oman between 9 and 6 ka ago[J].Nature,2001,411(7):290-293.
[37]Gupta A K,Thomas E.Initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and strengthening of the Northeast Indian Monsoon,ocean drilling program site758,eastern equatorial Indian Ocean[J].Geology,2003,31(3):47-50.
[38]Mantua N J,Hare S R.The Pacific decadal oscillation[J].Journal of Oceanogrphy,2002,58(1):35-44.
[39]Qian C,Zhou T.Multi decadal variability of North China aridity and its relationship to PDO during 1990-2010[J].Journal of Climate,2014,27(3):1210-1222.