天目湖沙河水库浮游植物群落结构的时空异质性
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摘要
为揭示水库浮游植物群落结构的时空异质性,以江苏省溧阳市天目湖沙河水库为例,基于8年逐月浮游植物群落结构及相关环境因子的连续监测结果,分析了水库河流区、过渡区及湖泊区浮游植物群落结构的季节差异及影响因素.结果表明,空间上营养盐、浊度和悬浮颗粒物等关键水质指标及浮游植物叶绿素a含量均呈现河流区>过渡区>湖泊区的现象,透明度呈现河流区<过渡区<湖泊区的现象,其中河流区的各环境因子与过渡区和湖泊区的空间差异显著(ANOVA,P<0.05),而过渡区与湖泊区之间仅在透明度、浊度、悬浮颗粒物等物理参数方面差异显著;同样,浮游植物生物量上也呈现河流区>过渡区>湖泊区的现象,其中河流区与过渡区、湖泊区之间差异显著(ANOVA,P<0.05),而过渡区与湖泊区之间则无显著性差异;但在浮游植物的优势属方面,河流区、过渡区、湖泊区基本一致,仅隐藻门生物量在河流区、过渡区、湖泊区具有显著性差异(ANOVA,P<0.05),呈现河流区>过渡区>湖泊区的特征.不同季节之间浮游植物群落结构差异较大:生物量在夏季最高,冬季最低;优势属在春季以针杆藻(Synedra)、小环藻(Cyclotella)、隐藻(Cryptomonas)和曲壳藻(Achnanthes)为主,夏季以针杆藻、隐藻、尖头藻(Raphidiopsis)、席藻(Phormidium)为主,秋季以隐藻、针杆藻、尖头藻、束丝藻(Aphanizomenon)为主,冬季以隐藻、针杆藻、曲壳藻和小环藻为主;其中针杆藻、隐藻为全年优势属.统计分析表明,水温、总磷、透明度是浮游植物时空差异的主要影响因子.研究表明,对于沙河水库这种换水周期为4个月的大(Ⅱ)型水库,虽然浮游植物总生物量在空间上有显著性差异,但群落组成上仅隐藻属的空间差异显著,多数浮游植物群落结构在空间分布差异较小,当浮游植物群落结构调查时可以适当减少观测点位,提高采样频次,以提高水库环境监测的样品代表性.
Monthly investigations of the phytoplankton community and the associated environmental drivers during the past eight years in the Shahe Reservoir,Jiangsu Province,China revealed the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton and the associated driving factors in the reservoir. The results show that the concentrations of total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorous( TP),turbidity( Turb),suspended solids( SS),and chlorophyll-a( CHL) were the highest in the upstream tributaries and the lowest in the downstream-linked reservoir. In contrast,the highest Secchi disk depth( SDD) was recorded in the Shahe Reservoir and that the lowest in the upstream tributaries. Significant differences in water quality indices were recorded among the upstream tributaries,the transition region,and the downstream-linked reservoir area( ANOVA,P < 0. 05). The biomass of phytoplankton was the highest in the upstream tributaries and the lowest in the reservoir. The highest biomass of phytoplankton was recorded in the summer and the lowest in the winter. Synedra, Cyclotella, Cryptomonas, and Achnanthes were the dominant genera in the spring; Synedra, Cryptomonas,Raphidiopsis,and Phormidium were dominant in the summer; Cryptomonas,Synedra,Raphidiopsis,and Aphanizomenon were dominant in the autumn; and Cryptomonas,Synedra,Achnanthes,and Cyclotella were dominant in the winter. Synedra and Cryptomonas were the dominant genera throughout the year. The correlation analysis shows that TP,water temperature,and SDD were the most important driving factors for the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton. Notable spatial differences were recorded for Cryptomonas,while minimal variations were recorded for the remaining species. A smaller number sampling sites and a higher sampling frequency areneeded to characterize the phytoplankton community in the Shahe Reservoir.
Monthly investigations of the phytoplankton community and the associated environmental drivers during the past eight years in the Shahe Reservoir,Jiangsu Province,China revealed the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton and the associated driving factors in the reservoir. The results show that the concentrations of total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorous( TP),turbidity( Turb),suspended solids( SS),and chlorophyll-a( CHL) were the highest in the upstream tributaries and the lowest in the downstream-linked reservoir. In contrast,the highest Secchi disk depth( SDD) was recorded in the Shahe Reservoir and that the lowest in the upstream tributaries. Significant differences in water quality indices were recorded among the upstream tributaries,the transition region,and the downstream-linked reservoir area( ANOVA,P < 0. 05). The biomass of phytoplankton was the highest in the upstream tributaries and the lowest in the reservoir. The highest biomass of phytoplankton was recorded in the summer and the lowest in the winter. Synedra, Cyclotella, Cryptomonas, and Achnanthes were the dominant genera in the spring; Synedra, Cryptomonas,Raphidiopsis,and Phormidium were dominant in the summer; Cryptomonas,Synedra,Raphidiopsis,and Aphanizomenon were dominant in the autumn; and Cryptomonas,Synedra,Achnanthes,and Cyclotella were dominant in the winter. Synedra and Cryptomonas were the dominant genera throughout the year. The correlation analysis shows that TP,water temperature,and SDD were the most important driving factors for the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton. Notable spatial differences were recorded for Cryptomonas,while minimal variations were recorded for the remaining species. A smaller number sampling sites and a higher sampling frequency areneeded to characterize the phytoplankton community in the Shahe Reservoir.
引文
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[2]陈凡,胡芳,聂小保,等.东江惠州段水质污染特征分析及其防治建议[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(12):112-117.Chen F,Hu F,Nie X B,et al.Analysis on the status and countermeasures of water pollution of Dongjiang River in Huizhou[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2014,37(12):112-117.
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[6]林秋奇,胡韧,段舜山,等.广东省大中型供水水库营养现状及浮游生物的响应[J].生态学报,2003,23(6):1101-1108.Lin Q Q,Hu R,Duan S S,et al.Reservoir trophic states and the response of plankton in Guangdong Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(6):1101-1108.
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[8]李沂軒,鞠哲,赵文,等.白石水库浮游植物的群落结构研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(4):404-409.Li Y X,Ju Z,Zhao W,et al.Community structure of phytoplankton in Baishi Reservoir[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2016,31(4):404-409.
[9]谭香,夏小玲,程晓莉,等.丹江口水库浮游植物群落时空动态及其多样性指数[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):2875-2882.Tan X,Xia X L,Cheng X L,et al.Temporal and spatial pattern of phytoplankton community and its biodiversity indices in the Danjiangkou Reservoir[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(10):2875-2882.
[10]严文逸,王绍祥,顾静,等.青草沙水库浮游藻类群落组成及其与环境因子的关系[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(1):75-84.Yan W Y,Wang S X,Gu J,et al.Composition of planktonic algae community and its relationship with environmental factors in Qingcaosha Reservoir[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(1):75-84.
[11]胡芳,许振成,姚玲爱,等.剑潭水库浮游植物群落特征与水环境因子关系研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):950-958.Hu F,Xu Z C,Yao L A,et al.Community structure of phytoplankton and its relationship with aquatic environment factors in Jiantan Reservoir[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(4):950-958.
[12]张正德,吴世萍,许亚群,等.江苏横山水库浮游植物群落结构的动态变化[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(1):53-61.Zhang Z D,Wu S P,Xu Y Q,et al.Phytoplankton community structure and dynamics in Hengshan Reservoir,Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2016,37(1):53-61.
[13]刘蕾,肖利娟,韩博平,等.一座南亚热带小型贫营养水库浮游植物群落结构及季节变化[J].生态科学,2008,27(4):217-221.Liu L,Xiao L J,Han B P,et al.Dynamics and structure of the phytoplankton community of a small oligotrophic reservoir in southern China[J].Ecological Science,2008,27(4):217-221.
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[17]朱广伟,赵林林,陈伟民,等.低水位运行对天目湖水库水质与生态的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2011,27(4):87-94.Zhu G W,Zhao L L,Chen W M,et al.Effects of low water level on water quality and ecology of Tianmuhu Reservoir,China[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2011,27(4):87-94.
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[19]贺冉冉,高永霞,王芳,等.天目湖水体与沉积物中营养盐时空分布及成因[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(2):353-360.He R R,Gao Y X,Wang F,et al.Spatial-temporal distribution of nutrients and its causation in Tianmu Lake,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(2):353-360.
[20]贺冉冉,罗潋葱,朱广伟,等.天目湖溶解氧变化特征及对内源氮释放的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(4):344-349.He R R,Luo L C,Zhu G W,et al.Variation of dissolved oxygen and its influence on release of endogenous nitrogen in Tianmuhu reservoir in Liyang,China[J].Journal of Ecology&Rural Environment,2010,26(4):344-349.
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