不同灌水量对绿洲玉米叶面积动态及产量的影响
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摘要
以河西绿洲春玉米为研究对象,分析了不同灌水量对玉米全生育期叶面积动态、产量及产量构成要素的影响。结果表明:不同灌水处理玉米单株叶面积在灌浆初至灌浆中期达到高峰,且稳定期持续至灌浆末期,此后单株叶面积衰减较快。进入灌浆期以后,不同灌水处理玉米叶面积相对生长率已开始出现负值,叶面积已有开始衰减迹象。与充分灌水相比,有限灌水不仅显著节水31.1%,还可使玉米产量提高2.9%,而有限灌水粒重、行粒数和穗粒数的增加则是玉米节水高产的主要原因。因此,不同灌水量显著影响玉米叶面积生长和产量形成过程,生产中应侧重通过前期有限水分亏缺(拔节期中度水分调亏而大喇叭口-孕穗期轻度调亏)产生的后补偿效应促进生育中后期叶面积的持续稳定发展,从而实现玉米高产和水分高效利用的双赢。
An experiment was conducted to explore the effect of different irrigation amounts on leaf area dynamics and grain yield of spring maize in oasis of Hexi corridor. The results showed that the leaf area per plant gets to peak during early filling to middle filling and stably kept to the end of filling,after that it attenuates quickly. The negative relative growth rate of leaf area appears since early grain filling and accordingly the leaf area attenuation gradually appears. Compared to the full irrigation,the efficient limited irrigation can save 31. 1% of water and enhance 2. 9% of yield. The increase of grain weight,row grain number,and spike grain number by the efficient limited irrigation are the main reasons of high yield and water saving for maize. Therefore,the different irrigation amounts greatly affect the leaf area and yield formation of maize. Therefore,special emphasis should be laid on promoting sustainable development of leaf area during middle to late crop growth stages through supplementary effect caused by limited water deficit at early stages( moderate water deficit regulation at jointing while mild deficit regulation from bell stage to booting of maize) so as to get both high yield and high efficient water use of oasis maize.
An experiment was conducted to explore the effect of different irrigation amounts on leaf area dynamics and grain yield of spring maize in oasis of Hexi corridor. The results showed that the leaf area per plant gets to peak during early filling to middle filling and stably kept to the end of filling,after that it attenuates quickly. The negative relative growth rate of leaf area appears since early grain filling and accordingly the leaf area attenuation gradually appears. Compared to the full irrigation,the efficient limited irrigation can save 31. 1% of water and enhance 2. 9% of yield. The increase of grain weight,row grain number,and spike grain number by the efficient limited irrigation are the main reasons of high yield and water saving for maize. Therefore,the different irrigation amounts greatly affect the leaf area and yield formation of maize. Therefore,special emphasis should be laid on promoting sustainable development of leaf area during middle to late crop growth stages through supplementary effect caused by limited water deficit at early stages( moderate water deficit regulation at jointing while mild deficit regulation from bell stage to booting of maize) so as to get both high yield and high efficient water use of oasis maize.
引文
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[13]张健,池宝亮,黄学芳,等.春玉米不同灌溉定额条件下抗旱指数的运用研究[J].玉米科学,2007,15(5):104-107+110.
[14]潘菊梅,李辛村,李涛,等.灌溉对粮饲兼用玉米根系分布及产量影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(11):200-203.
[2]苏培玺,杜明武,赵爱芬,等.荒漠绿洲主要作物及不同种植方式需水规律研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(2):79-85.
[3]Oktem A,Simsek M,Oktem A G.Deficit irrigation effects on sweet corn with drip irrigation in a semi-arid region.I.Water yield relationship[J].Agriculture Water Management,2003,61(1):63-74.
[4]张岁岐,周小平,慕自新,等.不同灌溉制度对玉米根系生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(10):1-6.
[5]刘庚山,郭安红,任三学,等.夏玉米苗期有限水分胁迫拔节期复水的补偿效应[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(3):24-29.
[6]杨国航,刘鹏,赵久然.限制灌水对玉米品种叶片、根系等的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(20):306-310.
[7]Zhang Buchong,Li Fengmin,Huang Gaobao,et al.Yield performance of spring wheat improved by regulated deficit irrigation in an arid area[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,79(1):28-42.
[8]Zhang Buchong,Huang Gaobao,Li Fengmin.Effects of limited single irrigation on yield of winter wheat and spring maize relay intercropping[J].Pedosphere,2007,17(4):529-537.
[9]杨国虎,李建生,罗湘宁,等.干旱条件下玉米叶面积变化及地上干物质积累与分配的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(5):27-32.
[10]袁玉清,赵致,施关正.干旱胁迫对玉米杂交组合叶片数和叶面积及生物产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(25):10763-10765.
[11]李兴,史海斌,程满金,等.集雨补灌对玉米生长及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(4):34-38.
[12]马兰忠,程满金,冯婷,等.玉米集雨补灌灌溉制度试验研究[J].四川水利,2004(Z1):31-36.
[13]张健,池宝亮,黄学芳,等.春玉米不同灌溉定额条件下抗旱指数的运用研究[J].玉米科学,2007,15(5):104-107+110.
[14]潘菊梅,李辛村,李涛,等.灌溉对粮饲兼用玉米根系分布及产量影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(11):200-203.