冻融对北疆盐碱地长期滴灌棉田土壤盐分的影响
|
摘要
为了解北疆积雪覆盖条件下,冻融作用对盐碱地膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分分布及变化的影响。采用时空变异法,以连续应用膜下滴灌0、4、6、8、10、15 a 6块棉田初春土壤盐分的变化为例进行分析。结果表明,"冻层滞水"及积雪消融入渗对80~100cm深度土体中盐分具有天然淋洗作用,冻融前后土壤盐分分布呈"广口杯"状。4月5日至14日在水分(直接驱动力)运动影响下,60~80 cm土层含盐量降低,其中一部分随毛管水向上蒸发,滞留于0~40 cm土壤;另一部分受重力水作用向下淋洗,80 cm以下土层含盐量升高。滴灌0 a地块0~140 cm土体内储盐量为29 063.00 g,滴灌15 a后,降至5 778.86 g。冻融对盐分的淋洗作用在应用滴灌年限较短地块表现得相对明显,即土壤中含盐量越高,淋洗作用越显著;冻融后滴灌0 a棉田0~140 cm土体储盐量降低8 941.33 g,滴灌15 a棉田降低614.62 g。提出冻融循环对土壤中盐分的天然淋洗作用是北疆盐碱地长期膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分降低的重要因素之一。
In order to investigate the effects of freezing and thawing function on soil salinity distribution and change in cotton field of saline-alkaline soils with drip irrigation under plastic film under snow cover condition in North Xinjiang,using the spatial and temporal variation method,taking the soil salinity change at early spring in 6cotton fields with 0,4,6,8,10 and 15 year continued drip irrigation under plastic film as case study,carried out the analysis. The results showed that: The stagnant water in frozen layer and infiltration of snow thawing had the natural leaching function for the soil salinity in 80 ~ 100 cm soil depth. Before and after freezing and thawing,the soil salinity distribution displayed a wide-mouth-cup shape. Under the influence of water movement during April 5to April 14,the soil salinity was reduced at 60 ~ 80 cm soil layers,among them,a part of water went up by capillary through evaporation,stranded at 0 ~ 40 cm soil depth. Another part of water leached down by gravity,the soil salinity content was increased below 80 cm depth. The amount of salt storage was 29 063. 00 g in 0 ~ 140 cm soil depth in 0 a land,but after drip irrigation for 15 years,reduced to 5 778. 86 g. The leaching function on soil salinity by freeze-thaw was relatively obvious in shorter years of drip irrigation,as the higher soil salinity content,the more notable for the leaching function. The salt storage content was reduced 8 941. 33 g in 0 ~ 140 cm soil depth in0 a drip irrigation cotton land after freeze-thaw. After 15 years of drip irrigation,the cotton land was reduced 614.62 g. So put forward the natural leaching function by freeze-thaw cycles on soil salinity was one of the important factors for reducing soil salinity content in cotton land by long-term drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang.
In order to investigate the effects of freezing and thawing function on soil salinity distribution and change in cotton field of saline-alkaline soils with drip irrigation under plastic film under snow cover condition in North Xinjiang,using the spatial and temporal variation method,taking the soil salinity change at early spring in 6cotton fields with 0,4,6,8,10 and 15 year continued drip irrigation under plastic film as case study,carried out the analysis. The results showed that: The stagnant water in frozen layer and infiltration of snow thawing had the natural leaching function for the soil salinity in 80 ~ 100 cm soil depth. Before and after freezing and thawing,the soil salinity distribution displayed a wide-mouth-cup shape. Under the influence of water movement during April 5to April 14,the soil salinity was reduced at 60 ~ 80 cm soil layers,among them,a part of water went up by capillary through evaporation,stranded at 0 ~ 40 cm soil depth. Another part of water leached down by gravity,the soil salinity content was increased below 80 cm depth. The amount of salt storage was 29 063. 00 g in 0 ~ 140 cm soil depth in 0 a land,but after drip irrigation for 15 years,reduced to 5 778. 86 g. The leaching function on soil salinity by freeze-thaw was relatively obvious in shorter years of drip irrigation,as the higher soil salinity content,the more notable for the leaching function. The salt storage content was reduced 8 941. 33 g in 0 ~ 140 cm soil depth in0 a drip irrigation cotton land after freeze-thaw. After 15 years of drip irrigation,the cotton land was reduced 614.62 g. So put forward the natural leaching function by freeze-thaw cycles on soil salinity was one of the important factors for reducing soil salinity content in cotton land by long-term drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang.
引文
[1]李瑞平,史海斌,赤江刚夫,等.冻融期气温与土壤水盐运移特征研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(4):70-74.
[2]邓仁菊,杨万勤,张健,等.季节性冻融期间亚高山森林凋落物的质量变化[J].生态学报,2010,30(3):830-835.
[3]陈军锋,郑秀清,邢述彦,等.地表覆膜对季节性冻融土壤入渗规律的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):18-21.
[4]焦艳平,康跃虎,万书勤,等.干旱区盐碱地滴灌土壤基质势对土壤盐分分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(6):53-58.
[5]卢响军,武红旗,张丽,等.不同开垦年限土壤剖面盐分变化[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):229-232.
[6]罗金明,邓伟,张晓平,等.冻融季节苏打盐渍土的水盐变化规律[J].水科学进展,2008,19(4):559-566.
[7]李瑞平,史海滨,付小军,等.干旱寒冷地区冻融期土壤水分和盐分的时空变异分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(1):86-90.
[8]彭振阳,黄介生,伍靖伟,等.秋浇条件下季节性冻融土壤盐分运动规律[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):77-81.
[9]富广强,李志华,王建永,等.季节性冻融对盐荒地水盐运移的影响及调控[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(4):643-654.
[10]靳志锋,虎胆·吐马尔白,马合木江,等.积雪消融对北疆棉田土壤水盐运动的影响研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2013,36(2):169-172.
[11]李宝富,熊黑钢,龙桃,等.田间尺度下冻融前后土壤剖面盐分空间变异性研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):140-144.
[12]范文波,吴普特,马枫梅.膜下滴灌技术生态经济与可持续性分析—以新疆玛纳斯河流域棉花为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(23):7559-7567.
[13]邓忠,白丹,翟国亮,等.膜下滴灌水氮调控对南疆棉花产量及水氮利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2525-2532.
[14]张伟,吕新,李鲁华,等.新疆棉田膜下滴灌盐分运移规律[J].农业工程学报,2008,24,(8):15-19.
[15]王全九,王文焰,吕殿青,等.膜下滴灌盐碱地水盐运移特征研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(7):54-57.
[16]张蔚榛,张瑜芳.对灌区水盐平衡和控制土壤盐渍化的一些认识[J].中国农村水利水电,2003,(8):13-18.
[17]戈鹏飞,虎胆·吐马尔白,吴争光,等.棉田膜下滴灌年限对土壤盐分累积的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):118-122.
[18]牟洪臣,虎胆·吐马尔白,苏里坦,等.干旱地区棉田膜下滴灌盐分运移规律[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):18-22.
[19]李明思,刘红光,郑旭荣.长期膜下滴灌农田土壤盐分时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):82-87.
[20]王振华,郑旭荣,李朝阳.不同滴灌年限土壤盐分分布及对棉花的影响初步研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(6):63-69.
[21]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.膜下滴灌系统不同应用年限棉田根区盐分变化及适耕性[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):90-99.
[22]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.新疆现行灌溉制度下膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分动态[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):1-10.
[23]周丽,王玉刚,李彦,等.盐碱荒地开垦年限对表层土壤盐分的影响[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(2):285-291.
[24]龚家栋,祁旭升,谢忠奎,等.季节性冻融对土壤水分的作用及其在农业生产中的意义[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(4):328-333.
[25]苏里坦,阿不都·沙拉木,虎胆·吐马尔白,等.干旱区膜下滴灌制度对土壤盐分分布和棉花产量的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(7):708-714.
[26]张琼,李光永,柴付军.棉花膜下滴灌条件下灌水频率对土壤水盐分布和棉花生长的影响[J].水利学报,2004,(9):123-126.
[27]李志华.季节性冻融期盐渍化土壤水热盐耦合关系研究—以玛纳斯河流域142团为例[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011.
[28]李伟强,雷玉平,张秀梅,等.硬壳覆盖条件下土壤冻融期水盐运动规律研究[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(3):251-257
[2]邓仁菊,杨万勤,张健,等.季节性冻融期间亚高山森林凋落物的质量变化[J].生态学报,2010,30(3):830-835.
[3]陈军锋,郑秀清,邢述彦,等.地表覆膜对季节性冻融土壤入渗规律的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):18-21.
[4]焦艳平,康跃虎,万书勤,等.干旱区盐碱地滴灌土壤基质势对土壤盐分分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(6):53-58.
[5]卢响军,武红旗,张丽,等.不同开垦年限土壤剖面盐分变化[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):229-232.
[6]罗金明,邓伟,张晓平,等.冻融季节苏打盐渍土的水盐变化规律[J].水科学进展,2008,19(4):559-566.
[7]李瑞平,史海滨,付小军,等.干旱寒冷地区冻融期土壤水分和盐分的时空变异分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(1):86-90.
[8]彭振阳,黄介生,伍靖伟,等.秋浇条件下季节性冻融土壤盐分运动规律[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):77-81.
[9]富广强,李志华,王建永,等.季节性冻融对盐荒地水盐运移的影响及调控[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(4):643-654.
[10]靳志锋,虎胆·吐马尔白,马合木江,等.积雪消融对北疆棉田土壤水盐运动的影响研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2013,36(2):169-172.
[11]李宝富,熊黑钢,龙桃,等.田间尺度下冻融前后土壤剖面盐分空间变异性研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):140-144.
[12]范文波,吴普特,马枫梅.膜下滴灌技术生态经济与可持续性分析—以新疆玛纳斯河流域棉花为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(23):7559-7567.
[13]邓忠,白丹,翟国亮,等.膜下滴灌水氮调控对南疆棉花产量及水氮利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2525-2532.
[14]张伟,吕新,李鲁华,等.新疆棉田膜下滴灌盐分运移规律[J].农业工程学报,2008,24,(8):15-19.
[15]王全九,王文焰,吕殿青,等.膜下滴灌盐碱地水盐运移特征研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(7):54-57.
[16]张蔚榛,张瑜芳.对灌区水盐平衡和控制土壤盐渍化的一些认识[J].中国农村水利水电,2003,(8):13-18.
[17]戈鹏飞,虎胆·吐马尔白,吴争光,等.棉田膜下滴灌年限对土壤盐分累积的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):118-122.
[18]牟洪臣,虎胆·吐马尔白,苏里坦,等.干旱地区棉田膜下滴灌盐分运移规律[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):18-22.
[19]李明思,刘红光,郑旭荣.长期膜下滴灌农田土壤盐分时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):82-87.
[20]王振华,郑旭荣,李朝阳.不同滴灌年限土壤盐分分布及对棉花的影响初步研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(6):63-69.
[21]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.膜下滴灌系统不同应用年限棉田根区盐分变化及适耕性[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):90-99.
[22]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.新疆现行灌溉制度下膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分动态[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):1-10.
[23]周丽,王玉刚,李彦,等.盐碱荒地开垦年限对表层土壤盐分的影响[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(2):285-291.
[24]龚家栋,祁旭升,谢忠奎,等.季节性冻融对土壤水分的作用及其在农业生产中的意义[J].冰川冻土,1997,19(4):328-333.
[25]苏里坦,阿不都·沙拉木,虎胆·吐马尔白,等.干旱区膜下滴灌制度对土壤盐分分布和棉花产量的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(7):708-714.
[26]张琼,李光永,柴付军.棉花膜下滴灌条件下灌水频率对土壤水盐分布和棉花生长的影响[J].水利学报,2004,(9):123-126.
[27]李志华.季节性冻融期盐渍化土壤水热盐耦合关系研究—以玛纳斯河流域142团为例[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011.
[28]李伟强,雷玉平,张秀梅,等.硬壳覆盖条件下土壤冻融期水盐运动规律研究[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(3):251-257