新球时代男子乒乓球比赛技战术运用的得分特征、成因及其发展趋势
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摘要
为促进中国乒乓球队开展科学化训练和参赛,运用文献资料法、数理统计法等方法,对新球时代男子比赛技战术运用的得分特征、成因及发展趋势进行研究。认为:新球时代,乒乓球技战术运用在得分方面表现为2大阶段、2小阶段的特征:第1阶段包括第1~4板,各板得分率循击球序列呈快速下降趋势,发球轮各板得分率明显高于接发球轮相应各板;第2阶段包括第5板及其后各板,各板得分率循击球序列呈平缓升降趋势,波动较小,发球轮各板得分率与接发球轮相比难分伯仲,且很难为比赛获胜产生积极性影响。其第1小阶段包括的第5~6板在技战术运用的得分特征上比其第2小阶段包括的第7板及其后各板更接近于第1阶段;在使用率超过5%的各板中,仅有第1~3板能为比赛获胜发挥积极性影响。乒乓球技战术运用的得分特征的不同源于各阶段、各板的技战术对抗特点不同。第1~8板的技战术运用的得分特征具有跨赛事的一致性,第9板及之后各板因样本量较小而差异较大。比赛中各板技战术的运用始终处于变化之中,尤其以第1~6板的变化最为明显。
In order to better promote the Chinese table tennis team to carry out scientific training and competition,this paper studies the scoring characteristics,causes and developing trend of the techniques and tactics of men's competition in the new ball era with the methods of literature review and statistics,etc.The results show that the scoring ways of application of the techniques and tactics present the characteristics of two big stage and two small stage.The first stage include 1 st to 4 th board,the scoring rate of each boards steep reducing with hitting order,while the score of each board in serving round being significantly higher than that of the receiving round.The second stage include 5 th board and thereafter,the scoring rate of each boards rising and declining slowly with the hitting order,and its wave being very small.The score of each board in serving round is basically flat compared with that of the receiving round,and it is difficult to produce a positive impact to win the game.The scoring characteristics of application of techniques and tactics of the 5 th and 6 th board are more similar with the first stage compared with the 7 th board and thereafter.The 1 st-3 th board plays a positive impact for winning game in every board of its utilization rate more 5‰.The difference of the scoring characteristics of application of techniques and tactics of each stage can be attributed to the difference of the characteristics of the rally in the competition.The score characteristics of the application of techniques and tactics of the 1-8 boards are consistent across the different events while,there is a big difference on the 9 th board and thereafter because the sample is small.The application of techniques and tactics is changing all the time in the match,and the 1-6 boards changing more obviously.
In order to better promote the Chinese table tennis team to carry out scientific training and competition,this paper studies the scoring characteristics,causes and developing trend of the techniques and tactics of men's competition in the new ball era with the methods of literature review and statistics,etc.The results show that the scoring ways of application of the techniques and tactics present the characteristics of two big stage and two small stage.The first stage include 1 st to 4 th board,the scoring rate of each boards steep reducing with hitting order,while the score of each board in serving round being significantly higher than that of the receiving round.The second stage include 5 th board and thereafter,the scoring rate of each boards rising and declining slowly with the hitting order,and its wave being very small.The score of each board in serving round is basically flat compared with that of the receiving round,and it is difficult to produce a positive impact to win the game.The scoring characteristics of application of techniques and tactics of the 5 th and 6 th board are more similar with the first stage compared with the 7 th board and thereafter.The 1 st-3 th board plays a positive impact for winning game in every board of its utilization rate more 5‰.The difference of the scoring characteristics of application of techniques and tactics of each stage can be attributed to the difference of the characteristics of the rally in the competition.The score characteristics of the application of techniques and tactics of the 1-8 boards are consistent across the different events while,there is a big difference on the 9 th board and thereafter because the sample is small.The application of techniques and tactics is changing all the time in the match,and the 1-6 boards changing more obviously.
引文
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[2]吴焕群,秦志锋,许绍发,等.乒乓球旋转的定量研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2000,15(1):59.
[3]李今亮,赵霞,章潮辉.新规则对世界乒乓球运动技术发展趋势的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(10):1214.
[4]唐建军,刘丰德,蔡学玲,等.规则修改对乒乓球比赛观赏性影响的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2007,30(6):843.
[5]唐建军.乒乓球战术体系:技术动作的战术形成及其运用模式[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,32(4):105.
[6]唐建军,曹海波,邓艳香.乒乓球比赛中战术组合模式的构成及其应用[J].北京体育大学学报,2010,33(11):108.
[7]方余平,王金灿,肖紫燕.世界男子乒乓快弧类双胜组合发抢特征的研究[J].天津体育学院学报2008,23(6):543.
[8]杨青,张辉.BP神经网络和多元回归方法在乒乓球技战术能力分析中的应用[J].成都体育学院学报,2016,42(1):78.
[9]张辉,刘炜,卢进菊.对抗性项目技术效益研究[J].体育科学,2015,35(9):45.
[10]苏丕仁.走出误区:学习徐寅生、李富荣的讲话有感[J].乒乓世界,1994(1):15.
[11]国家体育总局《乒乓长盛考》研究课题组.乒乓长盛的训练学探索[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2002:28.
[12]唐建军.乒乓球运动教程[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2006.
[13]国家体育总局《乒乓长盛考》研究课题组.星光灿烂四十年[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2002:6.
[14]张辉,戴金彪,史芙英,等.隔网对抗(持拍类)项目技战术特征[J].上海体育学院学报,2007,31(4):67.
[15]徐君伟.规则改革背景下乒乓球三段指标评估法演进与发展趋势研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2017,33(6):74.