CO_2驱注采工艺的应用与发展
|
摘要
CO_2驱是一项实现提高原油采收率和地质埋存双重目的、绿色环保的驱油技术,注采工程是其关键技术环节。为了进一步现场推广及应用,从注气工艺、采油工艺、防腐工艺、安全风险控制技术等方面总结了CO_2驱注采工艺的技术特点,指出了注采工艺主要问题是气窜和层间矛盾突出、高气油比条件下举升效率低、复杂条件下多因素影响腐蚀控制难度大、施工安全风险高等。通过分析,认为提高注采开发效果、降低注采工艺成本、保障注采生产安全是CO_2驱注采工艺的发展趋势,并提出了完善分层注气工艺、试验评价新型举升工艺、优化选缓蚀剂配方和加药工艺、建立CO_2驱安全风险管理体系的建议。
As an environment-friendly EOR technology, CO_2 flooding can effectively enhance oil recovery and recoverable geologic reserve, during which injection and production are key processes. To further promote on-site application of CO_2 flooding, technical features of CO_2 flooding have been summarized with regard to gas injection, oil production, corrosion protection, risk control and other aspects. Gas channeling, severe inter-layer interferences, low lifting efficiencies under high GOR, difficulties in corrosion protection under complicated conditions and high risks in operation safety have been identified as major challenges in CO_2 flooding operations. Research results show improvement of production performances, reduction of operation costs and control of operation risks are key points and developing trends in the process of CO_2 flooding. In addition, advices have been proposed related to enhancement of separate-layer gas flooding, innovative lifting technologies, optimization of additive systems and processes and construction of risk control system for CO_2 flooding operations.
As an environment-friendly EOR technology, CO_2 flooding can effectively enhance oil recovery and recoverable geologic reserve, during which injection and production are key processes. To further promote on-site application of CO_2 flooding, technical features of CO_2 flooding have been summarized with regard to gas injection, oil production, corrosion protection, risk control and other aspects. Gas channeling, severe inter-layer interferences, low lifting efficiencies under high GOR, difficulties in corrosion protection under complicated conditions and high risks in operation safety have been identified as major challenges in CO_2 flooding operations. Research results show improvement of production performances, reduction of operation costs and control of operation risks are key points and developing trends in the process of CO_2 flooding. In addition, advices have been proposed related to enhancement of separate-layer gas flooding, innovative lifting technologies, optimization of additive systems and processes and construction of risk control system for CO_2 flooding operations.
引文
[1]秦积舜,韩海水,刘晓蕾.美国CO2驱油技术应用及启示[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):209-216.QIN Jishun,HAN Haishui,LIU Xiaolei.Application and enlightenment of CO2 flooding in the United States of America[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):209-216.
[2]KOOTTUNGAL L.2014 worldwide EOR survey[J].Oil&Gas Journal,2014,112(4):79-91.
[3]张瑞霞,刘建新,田启忠,王继飞,杨洁,王卫明.CO2驱注气管柱技术研究[J].石油机械,2013,41(12):88-91.ZHANG Ruixia,LIU Jianxin,TIAN Qizhong,WANG Jifei,YANG Jie,WANG Weiming.Research on CO2flooding gas injection string technology[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(12):88-91.
[4]张瑞霞,刘建新,王继飞,王卫明,杨洁.CO2驱免压井作业注气管柱研究及应用[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(1):78-80.ZHANG Ruixia,LIU Jianxin,WANG Jifei,WANG Weiming,YANG Jie.Research and application of CO2flooding gas injection string without well killing[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(1):78-80.
[5]潘延东.CO2驱影响气窜的因素及其治理方法[J].化工管理,2015(2):144.PAN Yandong.Influencing factors of channeling and its solutions in CO2 flooding[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2015(2):144.
[6]ROGERS J D,GRIGG R B.A literature analysis of the WAG injectivity abnormalities in the CO2 process[R].SPE 59329,2000.
[7]ZHOU Dengen,YAN Meisong,CALVIN W M.Optimization of a mature CO2 flood-from continuous injection to WAG[R].SPE 154181 MS,2012.
[8]钟张起,薛宗安,刘鹏程,吴桂晶,史运芳.低渗油藏CO2驱气水段塞比优化[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(1):128-131.ZHONG Zhangqi,XUE Zongan,LIU Pengcheng,WU Guijing,SHI Yunfang.Optimization of CO2-water slug ratio in low permeability reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(1):128-131.
[9]吕广中,伍增贵,栾志安,陈江,林万臣.吉林油田CO2试验区数值模拟和方案设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(4):39-41.LIU Guangzhong,WU Zenggui,LUAN Zhian,CHEN Jiang,LIN Wanchen.Numerical simulation and technical scheme design of CO2 flooding test area in Jilin Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2002,24(4):39-41.
[10]王维波,师庆三,余华贵,黄春霞,陈龙龙.二氧化碳驱油注入方式优选实验[J].断块油气田,2015,22(4):497-500,504.WANG Weibo,SHI Qingsan,YU Huagui,HUANG Chunxia,CHEN Longlong.Optimization experiment for carbon dioxide flooding injection mode[J].FaultBlock Oil&Gas Field,2015,22(4):497-500,504.
[11]李保振,李相方,Kamy Sepehrnoon,姚约东.低渗油藏CO2驱中注采方式优化设计[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(2):101-107.LI Baozhen,LI Xiangfang,Kamy Sepehrnoon,YAO Yuedong.Injection-production method optimization of CO2 flooding in low permeability reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute(Science&Techology Edition),2010,32(2):101-107.
[12]HELLER J P,BOONE D A,WATTS R J.Field test of CO2 mobility control at rock creek[R].SPE 14395,1985.
[13]GRIGG R B,TSAU J S,MARTIN F D.Cost reduction and injectivity improvements for CO2 foams for mobility control[R].SPE 75178,2002.
[14]王庆,杨昌华,林伟民,周迅,董俊艳,杨卫东.中原油田耐温抗盐二氧化碳泡沫控制气窜研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(4):75-78.WANG Qing,YANG Changhua,LIN Weimin,ZHOU Xun,DONG Junyan,YANG Weidong.Study on channeling controlling technology using CO2 foam with salt tolerance in Zhongyuan Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013,20(4):75-78.
[15]张昭,池明,赵海燕,王明凤.同心管分层注气井筒温度场计算方法[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2015,12(9):59-63.ZHANG Zhao,CHI Ming,ZHAO Haiyan,WANG Mingfeng.Calculating method of temperature distribution in concentric tube stratified CO2 injection[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2015,12(9):59-63.
[16]王庆,吴晓东.井口注入参数对CO2注入井井底温度、压力影响研究[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2012,25(4):22-24.WANG Qing,WU Xiaodong.The Impact of well injection parameters on the temperature and pressure of the bottom of the CO2 injection well[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum University of Staff and Workers,2012,25(4):22-24.
[17]王庆,吴晓东,刘长宇,王峰.高含CO2原油井筒流动压力和温度分布综合计算[J].石油钻采工艺,2010,32(1):65-69.WANG Qing,WU Xiaodong,LIU Changyu,WANG Feng.Calculation of pressure and temperature distribution in high CO2 well bores[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2010,32(1):65-69.
[18]吴晓东,王庆,何岩峰.考虑相态变化的注CO2井井筒温度压力场耦合计算模型[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(1):73-77.WU Xiaodong,WANG Qing,HE Yanfeng.Temperaturepressure field coupling calculation model considering phase behavior change in CO2 injection well borehole[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2009,33(1):73-77.
[19]王庆,吴晓东.气、液、超临界CO2相态及物性计算模型研究[J].中国石油大学胜利学院学报,2012,26(2):11-14.WANG Qing,WU Xiaodong.Research on gas,liquid,supercritical phase of CO2 and its property calculation model[J].Journal of Shengli College China University of Petroleum,2012,26(2):11-14.
[20]文星,刘月田,田树宝,刘彦锋,刘波.特低渗透油藏CO2驱注采参数优化设计[J].陕西科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(3):116-120,134.WEN Xing,LIU Yuetian,TIAN Shubao,LIU Yanfeng,LIU Bo.Injection-production parameters optimization of CO2 flooding in extra-low permeability reservoir[J].Journal of Shaanxi University of Science&Technology(Natural Science Edition),2015,35(3):116-120,134.
[21]李蒲智,黄全华,孙雷,钱思虹,谢明.节点分析法在分层注气技术中的应用研究[J].断块油气田,2014,21(1):121-124.LI Puzhi,HUANG Quanhua,SUN Lei,QIAN Sihong,XIE Ming.Application of node analysis method in stratified gas injection[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2014,21(1):121-124.
[22]卫秀芬,金东明.大庆低渗透油田CO2驱采油工程面临的问题及对策[J].采油工程,2007(3):37-39.WEI Xiufen,JIN Dongming.Problems and solutions of CO2 flooding production engineering in Daqing low permeability reservoir[J].Oil Production Engineering,2007(3):37-39.
[23]关宏业.CO2驱配套采油工艺设计及问题的解决思路[J].内蒙古石油化工,2013(22):48-50.GUAN Hongye.Production technology design problems and solutions in CO2 flooding[J].Inner Mongulia Petrochemical Industry,2013(22):48-50.
[24]熊涛.榆树林油田CO2驱采油配套工艺[J].油气田地面工程,2013,32(5):49.XIONG Tao.Production matching technologies of CO2flooding in Yushulin Oilfield[J].Oil-Gasfield Surface Engineering,2013,32(5):49.
[25]马冬梅,张德平,辛涛云,李清,潘若生,张雪婷.一种新型防气举升工艺在CO2驱油井中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(5):252-253.MA Dongmei,ZHANG Deping,XIN Taoyun,LI Qing,PAN Ruosheng,ZHANG Xueting.Application of a new anti-gas lifting technology in CO2 flooding production well[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(5):252-253.
[26]刘建新,田启忠,张瑞霞,董社霞.耐CO2腐蚀油井管材的选用[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2012,24(1):77-78.LIU Jianxin,TAIN Qizhong,ZHANG Ruixia,DONG Shexia.Select of anti-corrosion material by CO2 for production well[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2012,24(1):77-78.
[27]WAN Fuzou,GAO Chunliang,LIU He.Anti-corrosion technique of injection well in CO2 flooding[R].SPE129589,2010.
[28]马锋.CO2驱采油井缓蚀剂加药制度优化[J].化工管理,2015(5):61.MA Feng.Optimization of using inhibitor for production well in CO2 flooding[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2015(5):61.
[29]MATTEO L,AKPEKI ONAJOMO A,LAURENT J,JEAN D,ALDO A,SALVATORE L.Quantifying the risk of CO2 leakage through wellbores[R].SPE 139635,2010.
[30]JOHN H.Platform re-design for CO2 re-injection:process and safety engineering challenges[R].SPE125054,2009.
[31]李清,曲作明,王刚.二氧化碳驱油风险评价技术的筛选与应用[C].延吉:安全责任,重在落实——第四届吉林安全生产论坛,2011.LI Qing,QU Zuoming,WANG Gang.Screening and application of risk assessment in CO2 flooding[C].Yanji:Safety Responsibility Lies in the Implementation—The Fourth Safety Production Forum of Jilin,2011.
[32]王喜东,张虎平.作业现场风险评估及控制系统研究与应用[C].银川:第六届宁夏青年科学家论坛论文集,2010.WANG Xidong,ZHANG Huping.Research and application of risk assessment and control system in working spot[C].Yinchuan:Proceedings of the Sixth Young Scientist Forum in Ningxia,2010.
[33]刘伟,李实,王思然,孙雷.草舍油田CO2驱中沥青质沉淀分析及防治措施[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(6):93-97.LIU Wei,LI Shi,WANG Siran,SUN Lei.Asphaltene precipitation analysis and prevention measures of CO2flooding in Caoshe Oilfield[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute(Science&Technology Edition),2010,32(6):93-97.
[34]董涛,王海涛,高巧娟.轻质油油井沥青质沉淀清除作业[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(5):113-115.DONG Tao,WANG Haitao,GAO Qiaojuan.Cleanup operation of asphaltene precipitation in light oil wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(5):113-115.
[35]乔方,李清,马锋,薛梅.油井腐蚀结垢分析方法的研究与应用[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(10):352-354.QIAO Fang,LI Qing,MA Feng,XUE Mei.Research and application of analysis on corrosion and scaling in production well[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(10):352-354.
[2]KOOTTUNGAL L.2014 worldwide EOR survey[J].Oil&Gas Journal,2014,112(4):79-91.
[3]张瑞霞,刘建新,田启忠,王继飞,杨洁,王卫明.CO2驱注气管柱技术研究[J].石油机械,2013,41(12):88-91.ZHANG Ruixia,LIU Jianxin,TIAN Qizhong,WANG Jifei,YANG Jie,WANG Weiming.Research on CO2flooding gas injection string technology[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(12):88-91.
[4]张瑞霞,刘建新,王继飞,王卫明,杨洁.CO2驱免压井作业注气管柱研究及应用[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(1):78-80.ZHANG Ruixia,LIU Jianxin,WANG Jifei,WANG Weiming,YANG Jie.Research and application of CO2flooding gas injection string without well killing[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(1):78-80.
[5]潘延东.CO2驱影响气窜的因素及其治理方法[J].化工管理,2015(2):144.PAN Yandong.Influencing factors of channeling and its solutions in CO2 flooding[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2015(2):144.
[6]ROGERS J D,GRIGG R B.A literature analysis of the WAG injectivity abnormalities in the CO2 process[R].SPE 59329,2000.
[7]ZHOU Dengen,YAN Meisong,CALVIN W M.Optimization of a mature CO2 flood-from continuous injection to WAG[R].SPE 154181 MS,2012.
[8]钟张起,薛宗安,刘鹏程,吴桂晶,史运芳.低渗油藏CO2驱气水段塞比优化[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(1):128-131.ZHONG Zhangqi,XUE Zongan,LIU Pengcheng,WU Guijing,SHI Yunfang.Optimization of CO2-water slug ratio in low permeability reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(1):128-131.
[9]吕广中,伍增贵,栾志安,陈江,林万臣.吉林油田CO2试验区数值模拟和方案设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(4):39-41.LIU Guangzhong,WU Zenggui,LUAN Zhian,CHEN Jiang,LIN Wanchen.Numerical simulation and technical scheme design of CO2 flooding test area in Jilin Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2002,24(4):39-41.
[10]王维波,师庆三,余华贵,黄春霞,陈龙龙.二氧化碳驱油注入方式优选实验[J].断块油气田,2015,22(4):497-500,504.WANG Weibo,SHI Qingsan,YU Huagui,HUANG Chunxia,CHEN Longlong.Optimization experiment for carbon dioxide flooding injection mode[J].FaultBlock Oil&Gas Field,2015,22(4):497-500,504.
[11]李保振,李相方,Kamy Sepehrnoon,姚约东.低渗油藏CO2驱中注采方式优化设计[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(2):101-107.LI Baozhen,LI Xiangfang,Kamy Sepehrnoon,YAO Yuedong.Injection-production method optimization of CO2 flooding in low permeability reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute(Science&Techology Edition),2010,32(2):101-107.
[12]HELLER J P,BOONE D A,WATTS R J.Field test of CO2 mobility control at rock creek[R].SPE 14395,1985.
[13]GRIGG R B,TSAU J S,MARTIN F D.Cost reduction and injectivity improvements for CO2 foams for mobility control[R].SPE 75178,2002.
[14]王庆,杨昌华,林伟民,周迅,董俊艳,杨卫东.中原油田耐温抗盐二氧化碳泡沫控制气窜研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(4):75-78.WANG Qing,YANG Changhua,LIN Weimin,ZHOU Xun,DONG Junyan,YANG Weidong.Study on channeling controlling technology using CO2 foam with salt tolerance in Zhongyuan Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013,20(4):75-78.
[15]张昭,池明,赵海燕,王明凤.同心管分层注气井筒温度场计算方法[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2015,12(9):59-63.ZHANG Zhao,CHI Ming,ZHAO Haiyan,WANG Mingfeng.Calculating method of temperature distribution in concentric tube stratified CO2 injection[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2015,12(9):59-63.
[16]王庆,吴晓东.井口注入参数对CO2注入井井底温度、压力影响研究[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2012,25(4):22-24.WANG Qing,WU Xiaodong.The Impact of well injection parameters on the temperature and pressure of the bottom of the CO2 injection well[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum University of Staff and Workers,2012,25(4):22-24.
[17]王庆,吴晓东,刘长宇,王峰.高含CO2原油井筒流动压力和温度分布综合计算[J].石油钻采工艺,2010,32(1):65-69.WANG Qing,WU Xiaodong,LIU Changyu,WANG Feng.Calculation of pressure and temperature distribution in high CO2 well bores[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2010,32(1):65-69.
[18]吴晓东,王庆,何岩峰.考虑相态变化的注CO2井井筒温度压力场耦合计算模型[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(1):73-77.WU Xiaodong,WANG Qing,HE Yanfeng.Temperaturepressure field coupling calculation model considering phase behavior change in CO2 injection well borehole[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2009,33(1):73-77.
[19]王庆,吴晓东.气、液、超临界CO2相态及物性计算模型研究[J].中国石油大学胜利学院学报,2012,26(2):11-14.WANG Qing,WU Xiaodong.Research on gas,liquid,supercritical phase of CO2 and its property calculation model[J].Journal of Shengli College China University of Petroleum,2012,26(2):11-14.
[20]文星,刘月田,田树宝,刘彦锋,刘波.特低渗透油藏CO2驱注采参数优化设计[J].陕西科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(3):116-120,134.WEN Xing,LIU Yuetian,TIAN Shubao,LIU Yanfeng,LIU Bo.Injection-production parameters optimization of CO2 flooding in extra-low permeability reservoir[J].Journal of Shaanxi University of Science&Technology(Natural Science Edition),2015,35(3):116-120,134.
[21]李蒲智,黄全华,孙雷,钱思虹,谢明.节点分析法在分层注气技术中的应用研究[J].断块油气田,2014,21(1):121-124.LI Puzhi,HUANG Quanhua,SUN Lei,QIAN Sihong,XIE Ming.Application of node analysis method in stratified gas injection[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2014,21(1):121-124.
[22]卫秀芬,金东明.大庆低渗透油田CO2驱采油工程面临的问题及对策[J].采油工程,2007(3):37-39.WEI Xiufen,JIN Dongming.Problems and solutions of CO2 flooding production engineering in Daqing low permeability reservoir[J].Oil Production Engineering,2007(3):37-39.
[23]关宏业.CO2驱配套采油工艺设计及问题的解决思路[J].内蒙古石油化工,2013(22):48-50.GUAN Hongye.Production technology design problems and solutions in CO2 flooding[J].Inner Mongulia Petrochemical Industry,2013(22):48-50.
[24]熊涛.榆树林油田CO2驱采油配套工艺[J].油气田地面工程,2013,32(5):49.XIONG Tao.Production matching technologies of CO2flooding in Yushulin Oilfield[J].Oil-Gasfield Surface Engineering,2013,32(5):49.
[25]马冬梅,张德平,辛涛云,李清,潘若生,张雪婷.一种新型防气举升工艺在CO2驱油井中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(5):252-253.MA Dongmei,ZHANG Deping,XIN Taoyun,LI Qing,PAN Ruosheng,ZHANG Xueting.Application of a new anti-gas lifting technology in CO2 flooding production well[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(5):252-253.
[26]刘建新,田启忠,张瑞霞,董社霞.耐CO2腐蚀油井管材的选用[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2012,24(1):77-78.LIU Jianxin,TAIN Qizhong,ZHANG Ruixia,DONG Shexia.Select of anti-corrosion material by CO2 for production well[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2012,24(1):77-78.
[27]WAN Fuzou,GAO Chunliang,LIU He.Anti-corrosion technique of injection well in CO2 flooding[R].SPE129589,2010.
[28]马锋.CO2驱采油井缓蚀剂加药制度优化[J].化工管理,2015(5):61.MA Feng.Optimization of using inhibitor for production well in CO2 flooding[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2015(5):61.
[29]MATTEO L,AKPEKI ONAJOMO A,LAURENT J,JEAN D,ALDO A,SALVATORE L.Quantifying the risk of CO2 leakage through wellbores[R].SPE 139635,2010.
[30]JOHN H.Platform re-design for CO2 re-injection:process and safety engineering challenges[R].SPE125054,2009.
[31]李清,曲作明,王刚.二氧化碳驱油风险评价技术的筛选与应用[C].延吉:安全责任,重在落实——第四届吉林安全生产论坛,2011.LI Qing,QU Zuoming,WANG Gang.Screening and application of risk assessment in CO2 flooding[C].Yanji:Safety Responsibility Lies in the Implementation—The Fourth Safety Production Forum of Jilin,2011.
[32]王喜东,张虎平.作业现场风险评估及控制系统研究与应用[C].银川:第六届宁夏青年科学家论坛论文集,2010.WANG Xidong,ZHANG Huping.Research and application of risk assessment and control system in working spot[C].Yinchuan:Proceedings of the Sixth Young Scientist Forum in Ningxia,2010.
[33]刘伟,李实,王思然,孙雷.草舍油田CO2驱中沥青质沉淀分析及防治措施[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(6):93-97.LIU Wei,LI Shi,WANG Siran,SUN Lei.Asphaltene precipitation analysis and prevention measures of CO2flooding in Caoshe Oilfield[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute(Science&Technology Edition),2010,32(6):93-97.
[34]董涛,王海涛,高巧娟.轻质油油井沥青质沉淀清除作业[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(5):113-115.DONG Tao,WANG Haitao,GAO Qiaojuan.Cleanup operation of asphaltene precipitation in light oil wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(5):113-115.
[35]乔方,李清,马锋,薛梅.油井腐蚀结垢分析方法的研究与应用[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(10):352-354.QIAO Fang,LI Qing,MA Feng,XUE Mei.Research and application of analysis on corrosion and scaling in production well[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(10):352-354.