三峡水库蓄水期支流水体营养盐来源估算
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摘要
通过对蓄水前后三峡水库库首支流香溪河沉积物-上覆水中的氢氧同位素和氮磷营养盐的测定,分析了蓄水前后沉积物-上覆水氢氧同位素和氮磷营养盐的分布特征,并利用二元线性混合模型计算了长江干流(CJ River)和古夫源头(GFYT)的贡献率.结果表明,整个蓄水期沉积物以源的形式向上覆水体释放NH_4~+-N、DTP、PO_4~(3-)-P,以汇的形式吸收上覆水体中的NO_3~--N.利用营养盐贡献率公式进一步分析得到,蓄水前沉积物-上覆水中氮营养盐主要来源于CJ干流,其中以DTN和NO_3~--N最为显著,蓄水后GFYT的贡献率明显上升,其中3号和4号采样点最为明显,其中DTP在蓄水前后几乎均以GFYT为主要来源,PO_4~(3-)-P在蓄水前则以CJ干流为主要来源,蓄水后以GFYT为主要来源.说明尽管蓄水期库湾水体在较大程度上受干流倒灌影响的支配,但对于沉积物-上覆水而言受GFYT的影响更为显著.
Hydrogen-oxygen isotope and nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments and overlying water were monitored in the bay of the XiangXi River(XXB),the first tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),during the impoundment period.The measured data were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of hydrogen-oxygen isotopes and the nutrients during the impoundment period.A binary mixed linear model was utilized to determine the contribution ratio of the main stream of the Yangtze River(CJ River)to GuFuYuanTou(GFYT),the upstream of the river.The study results showed that the sediments simutaneously functioned as source releasing NH_4~+-N(ammonia nitrogen),DTP(total dissolved phosphorus),and PO_4~(3-)-P(phosphates),and as absorbent collecting NO_3~--N(nitrate nitrogen)during the entire impoundment period.The computed results of the contribution ratios indicated that most nitrogen in the sediment(especially for DTN(total dissolved nitrogen)and NO_3~--N)came from the main stream before the impoundment.After the impoundment,the contribution rate of GFYT increased significantly,with sampling points No.3 and 4 as the most obvious.Among all the nutrients,most DTP were from GFYT before and after the impoundment and the main stream was the main source of PO_4~(3-)-P before the impoundment.Therefore,while the water in the bay of the reservoir was largely dominated by the influx of the main stream during the impoundment period,the impact of GFYT is more significant than that of the main stream on the sediment-overlying water system.
Hydrogen-oxygen isotope and nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments and overlying water were monitored in the bay of the XiangXi River(XXB),the first tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),during the impoundment period.The measured data were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of hydrogen-oxygen isotopes and the nutrients during the impoundment period.A binary mixed linear model was utilized to determine the contribution ratio of the main stream of the Yangtze River(CJ River)to GuFuYuanTou(GFYT),the upstream of the river.The study results showed that the sediments simutaneously functioned as source releasing NH_4~+-N(ammonia nitrogen),DTP(total dissolved phosphorus),and PO_4~(3-)-P(phosphates),and as absorbent collecting NO_3~--N(nitrate nitrogen)during the entire impoundment period.The computed results of the contribution ratios indicated that most nitrogen in the sediment(especially for DTN(total dissolved nitrogen)and NO_3~--N)came from the main stream before the impoundment.After the impoundment,the contribution rate of GFYT increased significantly,with sampling points No.3 and 4 as the most obvious.Among all the nutrients,most DTP were from GFYT before and after the impoundment and the main stream was the main source of PO_4~(3-)-P before the impoundment.Therefore,while the water in the bay of the reservoir was largely dominated by the influx of the main stream during the impoundment period,the impact of GFYT is more significant than that of the main stream on the sediment-overlying water system.
引文
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[12]卓海华,邱光胜,翟婉盈,等.三峡库区表层沉积物营养盐时空变化及评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5020-5031.
[13]潘婷婷,赵雪,袁轶君,等.三峡水库沉积物不同赋存形态磷的时空分布[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):2968-2973.
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[16]范百龄,张东,陶正华,等.黄河水氢、氧同位素组成特征及其气候变化响应[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):1906-1914.
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[18]Jiang D,Dai H,Liu W.Influence of Thermal Density Flow on Hydrodynamics of Xiangxi Bay in Three Georges Reservoir,China[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,10(1):1637-1645.
[19]Dai H,Mao J,Jiang D,et al.Longitudinal hydrodynamic characteristics in reservoir tributary embayments and effects on algal blooms.[J].Plos One,2013,8(7):e68186.
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[21]Holbach A,Norra S,Wang L,et al.Three Gorges Reservoir:density pump amplification of pollutant transport into tributaries.[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(14):7798-7806.
[22]雒文生,谈戈.三峡水库香溪河库湾水质预测[J].水电能源科学,2000,18(4):46-48.
[23]刘德富,黄钰铃,纪道斌,等.三峡水库支流水华与生态调度[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:21-22.
[24]唐涛,黎道丰,潘文斌,等.香溪河河流连续统特征研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1):141-144.
[25]White J W C,Cook E R,Lawrence J R,et al.The DH ratios of sap in trees:Implications for water sources and tree ring DH ratios[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,1985,49(1):237-246.
[26]Wang P,Song X F,Han D M,et al.A study of root water uptake of crops indicated by hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes:a case in Shanxi Province,China.[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(3):475-482.
[27]罗玉红,聂小倩,李晓玲,等.香溪河沉积物、间隙水的磷分布特征及释放通量估算[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2345-2354.
[28]杨正健.分层异重流背景下三峡水库典型支流水华生消机理及其调控[D].武汉:武汉大学,2014.
[29]苏青青,刘德富,纪道斌,等.蓄水期三峡水库香溪河沉积物-水系统营养盐分布特征.[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2135-2144.
[30]冯峰,方涛,刘剑彤.武汉东湖沉积物氮磷形态垂向分布研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(6):1078-1082.
[31]Yang Z J,Liu D F,Ji D B,et al.Influence of the impounding process of the Three Gorges Reservoir up to water level 172.5m on water eutrophication in the Xiangxi Bay[J].Chinese science:technical science,2010,53(4):1114-1125.
[32]吉小盼,刘德富,黄钰铃,等.三峡水库泄水期香溪河库湾营养盐动态及干流逆向影响[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(12):2687-2693.
[33]罗专溪,朱波,郑丙辉,等.三峡水库支流回水河段氮磷负荷与干流的逆向影响[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(2):208-212.
[34]张宇,刘德富,纪道斌,等.干流倒灌异重流对香溪河库湾营养盐的补给作用[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2621-2627.
[35]Yang Z J,Liu D F,Ji D B,et al.Influence of the impounding process of the Three Gorges Reservoir up to water level 172.5m on water eutrophication in the Xiangxi Bay[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2010,53(4):1114-1125.
[2]姚绪姣,刘德富,杨正健,等.三峡水库香溪河库湾冬季甲藻水华生消机理初探[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(6):645-651.
[3]李媛,刘德富,孔松,等.三峡水库蓄泄水过程对香溪河库湾水华影响的对比分析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(8):1882-1893.
[4]叶振亚,王雨春,胡明明,等.三峡水库干-支流作用下生态水文过程的氢氧同位素示踪[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2358-2366.
[5]徐雅倩,徐飘,杨正健,等.河道型水库支流库湾营养盐动态补给过程[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):65-777.
[6]张宇,刘德富,纪道斌,等.干流倒灌异重流对香溪河库湾营养盐的补给作用[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2621-2627.
[7]张晓晶,李畅游,贾克力,等.乌梁素海表层沉积物重金属与营养元素含量的统计分析[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(9):1955-1960.
[8]尹洪斌,于佳佳,唐婉莹,等.太湖流域沉积物营养盐和重金属污染特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(6):2287-2294.
[9]刘德鸿,余居华,钟继承,等.太湖流域典型河网水体氮磷负荷及迁移特征[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):125-132.
[10]李欣,纪道斌,宋林旭,等.香溪河沉积物-水界面的营养盐交换特征[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(8):1212-1220.
[11]赵林,方东明,宋伟男,等.海河干流表层沉积物中磷形态的空间分布特征及其对水相磷的影响[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学),2014,44(2):603-609.
[12]卓海华,邱光胜,翟婉盈,等.三峡库区表层沉积物营养盐时空变化及评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5020-5031.
[13]潘婷婷,赵雪,袁轶君,等.三峡水库沉积物不同赋存形态磷的时空分布[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):2968-2973.
[14]Kendall,C.Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology.[M].Amsterdam,Elsevier Science Publishers,1998:519-522.
[15]Sklash M G,Farvolden R N,Fritz P.Erratum:A conceptual model of watershed response to rainfall,develop.[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,1976,63(13):271-283.
[16]范百龄,张东,陶正华,等.黄河水氢、氧同位素组成特征及其气候变化响应[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):1906-1914.
[17]Yang L,Liu D F,Huang Y L,et al.Isotope analysis of the nutrient supply in Xiangxi Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,7:65-73.
[18]Jiang D,Dai H,Liu W.Influence of Thermal Density Flow on Hydrodynamics of Xiangxi Bay in Three Georges Reservoir,China[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,10(1):1637-1645.
[19]Dai H,Mao J,Jiang D,et al.Longitudinal hydrodynamic characteristics in reservoir tributary embayments and effects on algal blooms.[J].Plos One,2013,8(7):e68186.
[20]Zheng T G,Mao J Q,Dai H C.Impacts of water release operations on algal blooms in a tributary bay of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2011,54(6):1588-1598.
[21]Holbach A,Norra S,Wang L,et al.Three Gorges Reservoir:density pump amplification of pollutant transport into tributaries.[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(14):7798-7806.
[22]雒文生,谈戈.三峡水库香溪河库湾水质预测[J].水电能源科学,2000,18(4):46-48.
[23]刘德富,黄钰铃,纪道斌,等.三峡水库支流水华与生态调度[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:21-22.
[24]唐涛,黎道丰,潘文斌,等.香溪河河流连续统特征研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1):141-144.
[25]White J W C,Cook E R,Lawrence J R,et al.The DH ratios of sap in trees:Implications for water sources and tree ring DH ratios[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,1985,49(1):237-246.
[26]Wang P,Song X F,Han D M,et al.A study of root water uptake of crops indicated by hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes:a case in Shanxi Province,China.[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(3):475-482.
[27]罗玉红,聂小倩,李晓玲,等.香溪河沉积物、间隙水的磷分布特征及释放通量估算[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2345-2354.
[28]杨正健.分层异重流背景下三峡水库典型支流水华生消机理及其调控[D].武汉:武汉大学,2014.
[29]苏青青,刘德富,纪道斌,等.蓄水期三峡水库香溪河沉积物-水系统营养盐分布特征.[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2135-2144.
[30]冯峰,方涛,刘剑彤.武汉东湖沉积物氮磷形态垂向分布研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(6):1078-1082.
[31]Yang Z J,Liu D F,Ji D B,et al.Influence of the impounding process of the Three Gorges Reservoir up to water level 172.5m on water eutrophication in the Xiangxi Bay[J].Chinese science:technical science,2010,53(4):1114-1125.
[32]吉小盼,刘德富,黄钰铃,等.三峡水库泄水期香溪河库湾营养盐动态及干流逆向影响[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(12):2687-2693.
[33]罗专溪,朱波,郑丙辉,等.三峡水库支流回水河段氮磷负荷与干流的逆向影响[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(2):208-212.
[34]张宇,刘德富,纪道斌,等.干流倒灌异重流对香溪河库湾营养盐的补给作用[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2621-2627.
[35]Yang Z J,Liu D F,Ji D B,et al.Influence of the impounding process of the Three Gorges Reservoir up to water level 172.5m on water eutrophication in the Xiangxi Bay[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2010,53(4):1114-1125.