镉离子对文蛤鳃上皮细胞超微结构的影响
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摘要
以文蛤为研究对象,用不同剂量的镉离子(0、1.5、3、6、12mg/L)对其进行为期5d的染毒,用透射电镜观察镉离子对文蛤鳃上皮细胞超微结构的影响。试验结果表明,不同剂量的镉离子对文蛤鳃细胞的细胞核、线粒体和微绒毛等重要细胞器的结构产生严重的损伤作用,且剂量越高,其影响越严重。具体表现为细胞核形状变形,核膜囊泡化;线粒体形状肿胀、变形,且嵴结构断裂分解,出现严重的空泡化现象;微绒毛逐步解体、脱落;溶酶体数量增多,体积变大,溶酶体内沉淀物颜色加深。镉离子对文蛤鳃上皮细胞的毒害作用导致细胞内结构破坏,细胞基本功能受到影响。
The ultrastructural changes in gill epithelial cells were investigated in clam Meretrix meretrix exposed to Cd~(2+) concentrations of 0(as a control),1.5,3,6 and 12 mg/L for 5 days using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)to evaluate the toxic effects of cadmium(Cd)on histopathological alterations of gill epithelial cells in the clam.The results showed that acute cadmium poisoning made remarkable changes in the ultrastructure of gill epithelial cells compared with the control group.The nuclei,mitochondria and microvili in gill epithelial cells were sensitive to acute Cd toxicity,with enhanced destruction of the gill epithelial cells as the concentration of Cd~(2+) was increased.The nuclear appearance was changed and the nuclear membrane was vacuolizated.The mitochondria became swollen and vacuolated gradually,with disintegrated mitochondrial cristae.Microvilli with vacuoles were disintegrated and broken off away and the lysosomes increased in number,volume,and color in sediment accumulation.The structure of the most organelles and endomembrane system were destroyed by Cd~(2+) solution,which is deprived of normal physiological function of gill epithelial cells.
The ultrastructural changes in gill epithelial cells were investigated in clam Meretrix meretrix exposed to Cd~(2+) concentrations of 0(as a control),1.5,3,6 and 12 mg/L for 5 days using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)to evaluate the toxic effects of cadmium(Cd)on histopathological alterations of gill epithelial cells in the clam.The results showed that acute cadmium poisoning made remarkable changes in the ultrastructure of gill epithelial cells compared with the control group.The nuclei,mitochondria and microvili in gill epithelial cells were sensitive to acute Cd toxicity,with enhanced destruction of the gill epithelial cells as the concentration of Cd~(2+) was increased.The nuclear appearance was changed and the nuclear membrane was vacuolizated.The mitochondria became swollen and vacuolated gradually,with disintegrated mitochondrial cristae.Microvilli with vacuoles were disintegrated and broken off away and the lysosomes increased in number,volume,and color in sediment accumulation.The structure of the most organelles and endomembrane system were destroyed by Cd~(2+) solution,which is deprived of normal physiological function of gill epithelial cells.
引文
[1]陈彩芳,沈伟良,霍礼辉,等.重金属离子Cd2+对泥蚶鳃及肝脏细胞显微和超微结构的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(4):522-528.
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[12]Meng F,Wang Z,Cheng F,et al.The assessment of environmental pollution along the coast of Beibu Gulf,northern South China Sea:an integrated biomarker approach in the clam Meretrix meretrix[J].Marine Environmental Research,2013,85(4):64-75.
[13]Brunelli E,Mauceri A,Maisano M,et al.Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical investigation on the gills of the teleost,Thalassoma pavo,exposed to cadmium[J].Acta Histochemica,2011,113(2):201-213.
[14]张宜奎,宋秀凯,刘爱英,等.重金属Cd2+、Cu2+对文蛤的急性毒性[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011(3):51-56.
[15]刘建博,夏利平,徐瑞,等.镉离子对文蛤肝胰腺超微结构的影响[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(5):727-735.
[16]Wang Q,Wang X M,Wang X Y,et al.Analysis of metallotionein expression and antioxidant enzyme activities in Meretrix meretrix larvae under sublethal cadmium exposure[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2010,100(4):321-328.
[17]Xia L,Chen S,Dahms H U,et al.Cadmium induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Meretrix meretrix[J].Ecotoxicology,2016,25(5):959-969.
[18]刘建博,潘登,江安娜,等.镉暴露对文蛤雄性生殖细胞的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):2036-2043.
[19]Maharajan A,Rajalakshmi S,Vijayakumaran M,et al.Sublethal effect of copper toxicity against histopathological changes in the spiny lobster,Panulirus homarus(Linnaeus,1758)[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,145(2):201-210.
[20]陈彩芳,沈伟良,申屠基康,等.Pb2+对泥蚶鳃、肝脏等组织结构的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(7):965-972.
[21]Tuurala H,Nikinmaa M,Soivio A.Gill damage as a determinant of residual oxygen concentration in the sealed jar test[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,1985,34(3):385-389.
[22]Wang J,Zhang P,Shen Q,et al.The effects of cadmium exposure on the oxidative state and cell death in the gill of freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense[J].Plos One,2013,8(5):e64020.
[23]Sokolova I M,Ringwood A H,Johnson C.Tissue specific accumulation of cadmium in subcellular compartments of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2005,74(3):218-228.
[24]Giarratano E,Gil M N,Malanga G.Assessment of antioxidant responses and trace metal accumulation by digestive gland of ribbed mussel Aulacomya atra atra from Northern Patagonia[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2013,92(3):39-50.
[25]Green D R,Reed J C.Mitochondria and apoptosis[J].Science,1999,281(5381):1309-1312.
[26]Sunila I.Acute histological responses of the gill of the mussel,Mytilus edulis,to exposure by environmental pollutants[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,1988,52(1):137-141.
[2]Arockia V L,Revathi P,Mini J,et al.Integrated use of histological and ultrastructural biomarkers in Mugil cephalus for assessing heavy metal pollution in Ennore Estuary Chennai[J].Chemosphere,2013,91(8):1156-1164.
[3]赵红霞,詹勇,许梓荣.重金属对水生动物毒性的研究进展[J].江西饲料,2003,28(2):38-40.
[4]Einsporn S,Bressling J,Koehler A.Cellular localization of lead using an antibody-based detection system and enzyme activity changes in the gills and digestive gland of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2009,28(2):402-408.
[5]Vasanthi L A,Revathi P,Babu R R,et al.Detection of metal induced cytopathological alterations and DNA damage in the gills and hepatopancreas of green mussel Perna viridis from Ennore Estuary,Chennai,India[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,117(1/2):41-49.
[6]Bigas M,Durfort M,Poquet M.Cytological effects of experimental exposure to Hg on the gill epithelium of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis:ultrastructural and quantitative changes related to bioaccumulation[J].Tissue&Cell,2001,33(2):178-188.
[7]Domouhtsidou G P,Dimitriadis V K.Ultrastructural localization of heavy metals(Hg,Ag,Pb and Cu)in gills and digestive gland of mussels,Mytilus galloprovincialis[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2000,38(4):472-478.
[8]王艳,方展强.翡翠贻贝鳃的组织形态学和超微结构观察[J].应用海洋学学报,2009,28(1):25-29.
[9]卢敬让,赖伟.镉对中华绒螯蟹鳃组织及其亚显微结构的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(6):566-570.
[10]Wester P W,Lt V D V,Vethaak A D,et al.Aquatic toxicology:opportunities for enhancement through histopathology[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2002,11(3/4):289-295.
[11]Alyahya H,El-Gendy A H,Farraj S A,et al.Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the Arabian Gulf using the clam Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus,1758[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2011,214(1/4):499-507.
[12]Meng F,Wang Z,Cheng F,et al.The assessment of environmental pollution along the coast of Beibu Gulf,northern South China Sea:an integrated biomarker approach in the clam Meretrix meretrix[J].Marine Environmental Research,2013,85(4):64-75.
[13]Brunelli E,Mauceri A,Maisano M,et al.Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical investigation on the gills of the teleost,Thalassoma pavo,exposed to cadmium[J].Acta Histochemica,2011,113(2):201-213.
[14]张宜奎,宋秀凯,刘爱英,等.重金属Cd2+、Cu2+对文蛤的急性毒性[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011(3):51-56.
[15]刘建博,夏利平,徐瑞,等.镉离子对文蛤肝胰腺超微结构的影响[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(5):727-735.
[16]Wang Q,Wang X M,Wang X Y,et al.Analysis of metallotionein expression and antioxidant enzyme activities in Meretrix meretrix larvae under sublethal cadmium exposure[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2010,100(4):321-328.
[17]Xia L,Chen S,Dahms H U,et al.Cadmium induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Meretrix meretrix[J].Ecotoxicology,2016,25(5):959-969.
[18]刘建博,潘登,江安娜,等.镉暴露对文蛤雄性生殖细胞的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):2036-2043.
[19]Maharajan A,Rajalakshmi S,Vijayakumaran M,et al.Sublethal effect of copper toxicity against histopathological changes in the spiny lobster,Panulirus homarus(Linnaeus,1758)[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,145(2):201-210.
[20]陈彩芳,沈伟良,申屠基康,等.Pb2+对泥蚶鳃、肝脏等组织结构的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(7):965-972.
[21]Tuurala H,Nikinmaa M,Soivio A.Gill damage as a determinant of residual oxygen concentration in the sealed jar test[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,1985,34(3):385-389.
[22]Wang J,Zhang P,Shen Q,et al.The effects of cadmium exposure on the oxidative state and cell death in the gill of freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense[J].Plos One,2013,8(5):e64020.
[23]Sokolova I M,Ringwood A H,Johnson C.Tissue specific accumulation of cadmium in subcellular compartments of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2005,74(3):218-228.
[24]Giarratano E,Gil M N,Malanga G.Assessment of antioxidant responses and trace metal accumulation by digestive gland of ribbed mussel Aulacomya atra atra from Northern Patagonia[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2013,92(3):39-50.
[25]Green D R,Reed J C.Mitochondria and apoptosis[J].Science,1999,281(5381):1309-1312.
[26]Sunila I.Acute histological responses of the gill of the mussel,Mytilus edulis,to exposure by environmental pollutants[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,1988,52(1):137-141.