汽车产品缺陷认定方法及分级选择流程研究
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摘要
国内外目前尚未形成统一的汽车产品缺陷认定方法,导致生产者和消费者间的召回争议事件频发。本文结合大量典型汽车召回案例,归纳提出案例推理、风险评估和工程分析试验3种适用于不合理危险缺陷的认定方法。从资源、时间、成本和技术等方面考虑,提出3种方法适用性分级选择流程,以期实现缺陷判定的标准化和规范化。
The unified defect identification method of automotive product has not formed yet at home and abroad by far. The consumer and producer have different understanding about defect contents, and the controversies become more frequent about defect determining. With massive typical recall cases of vehicle product, this paper summarizes three unreasonable damage defect identification methods based on case-based reasoning, risk assessment and engineering analysis test, and proposes the choose process combining practical work experience in the aspects of resources, time,costs and technologies, etc., to realize the normalization and standardization of the product defect determining.
The unified defect identification method of automotive product has not formed yet at home and abroad by far. The consumer and producer have different understanding about defect contents, and the controversies become more frequent about defect determining. With massive typical recall cases of vehicle product, this paper summarizes three unreasonable damage defect identification methods based on case-based reasoning, risk assessment and engineering analysis test, and proposes the choose process combining practical work experience in the aspects of resources, time,costs and technologies, etc., to realize the normalization and standardization of the product defect determining.
引文
[1]Sun H, Zhao Y. The empirical relationship between quality management and the speed of new product development[J].Total Quality Management and Business Excellence,2010,21(4):351-361.
[2]Hermann A, Huber F, Algesheime R, etc. An empirical study of quality function deployment on company performance[J].international Journal of Quality and Reliability Management,2006,23(4):345-366.
[3]盛永晶.汽车产品生命周期及汽车换代分析[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(S1):147.
[4]王琰.汽车缺陷风险评估研究[D].北京科技大学,2008.
[5]沈明,邹猛,王琰,等.安全气囊召回及缺陷判定流程[J].标准科学,2010,6:37-41.
[6]王琰,黄国忠,宋存义,等.基于灰色理论的汽车缺陷风险评估模型[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,9(31):1178-1182.
[7]张卫亮,肖凌云,刘亚辉.汽车转向系统缺陷风险评估准则与汽车召回案例[J].汽车安全与节能学报, 2013,4(4):361-366.
[8]董红磊,陈玉忠,张金换.基于模糊风险评估矩阵的汽车产品缺陷认定[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2016,7(4):377-381.
[9]肖凌云,刘亚辉,张卫亮.汽车电动转向系统缺陷辨识实验方法研究[J].汽车工程,2014,9(36):1117-1121.
[10]Bryan A. Garner black’s law dictionary(Ninth Edition).Thomson Reuters, 2009.
[11]董红磊,陈玉忠,吕宁.国内外缺陷认定标准综述[J].标准科学, 2016,7:16-19.
[12]张炜,邓雨荣,吴秋莉,等.基于自适应案例推理算法识别变压器故障[J].控制工程, 2015,22(6):1218-1223.
[13]Gilboa I, Schmeidler D. Case-based decision theory[J]. Quarterly J of Economics, 1995,110(3):605-639.
[14]ChiuC,ChiuN-H.Intelligentaircraftmaintenance support system using genetic algorithm and case-based reasoning[J]. International Journal of Manufacture Technology,2004,24(5):440-446.
[15]霍达,李伟峥,左勇志,等.基于改进案例推理的钢结构破损原因诊断分析[J].北京工业大学学报, 2013,39(4):570-575.
[16]Honglei DONG, Yuzhong CHEN, Yan WANG, etc. Research on the method for identification of defects of automobile brake system based on the case-based reasoning[C]. 2nd international conference on material science, machinery and engineering, 824-829.
[17]GB/T 34402-2017.汽车产品安全风险评估与风险控制指南[S].
[18]Reese, Charles D. Industrial safety and health for administrative services[M]. CRC Press, 2009:237-240.
[19]郑鹏,刘爱华,绍鹏,等.基于能量释放和轨迹交叉论的城市交通路口安全分析[J].安全与环境工程,2008,15(2):119-122.
(1)《The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act》,针对上世纪60年代美国汽车保有量的不断增长与交通事故频繁发生的情况,美国国会通过该法案。该法案授权美国国家高速交通安全管理局(National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,NHTSA)负责制定机动车的安全标准,监督汽车制造商执行相关标准,召回缺陷汽车产品。
(2)戴维·欧文.产品责任法[M].董春华,译,北京:中国政法大学出版社,2012。
(3)田山辉明.日本侵权行为法[M].顾祝轩,丁相顺,译,北京:北京大学出版社,2011。
(4)国家技术监督局政策法规司.国外产品质量与产品责任[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1992。
(5)杨立新.侵权责任法[M].北京:法律出版社,2010。
(6)Precedent:“1. The making of law by a court in recognizing and applying new rules while administering justice.2. A decided case that furnishes a basis for determining later cases involving similar facts or issues.” See Black’s law Dictionary(Seventh edition), West Group, and 1999. P.1195.
[2]Hermann A, Huber F, Algesheime R, etc. An empirical study of quality function deployment on company performance[J].international Journal of Quality and Reliability Management,2006,23(4):345-366.
[3]盛永晶.汽车产品生命周期及汽车换代分析[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(S1):147.
[4]王琰.汽车缺陷风险评估研究[D].北京科技大学,2008.
[5]沈明,邹猛,王琰,等.安全气囊召回及缺陷判定流程[J].标准科学,2010,6:37-41.
[6]王琰,黄国忠,宋存义,等.基于灰色理论的汽车缺陷风险评估模型[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,9(31):1178-1182.
[7]张卫亮,肖凌云,刘亚辉.汽车转向系统缺陷风险评估准则与汽车召回案例[J].汽车安全与节能学报, 2013,4(4):361-366.
[8]董红磊,陈玉忠,张金换.基于模糊风险评估矩阵的汽车产品缺陷认定[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2016,7(4):377-381.
[9]肖凌云,刘亚辉,张卫亮.汽车电动转向系统缺陷辨识实验方法研究[J].汽车工程,2014,9(36):1117-1121.
[10]Bryan A. Garner black’s law dictionary(Ninth Edition).Thomson Reuters, 2009.
[11]董红磊,陈玉忠,吕宁.国内外缺陷认定标准综述[J].标准科学, 2016,7:16-19.
[12]张炜,邓雨荣,吴秋莉,等.基于自适应案例推理算法识别变压器故障[J].控制工程, 2015,22(6):1218-1223.
[13]Gilboa I, Schmeidler D. Case-based decision theory[J]. Quarterly J of Economics, 1995,110(3):605-639.
[14]ChiuC,ChiuN-H.Intelligentaircraftmaintenance support system using genetic algorithm and case-based reasoning[J]. International Journal of Manufacture Technology,2004,24(5):440-446.
[15]霍达,李伟峥,左勇志,等.基于改进案例推理的钢结构破损原因诊断分析[J].北京工业大学学报, 2013,39(4):570-575.
[16]Honglei DONG, Yuzhong CHEN, Yan WANG, etc. Research on the method for identification of defects of automobile brake system based on the case-based reasoning[C]. 2nd international conference on material science, machinery and engineering, 824-829.
[17]GB/T 34402-2017.汽车产品安全风险评估与风险控制指南[S].
[18]Reese, Charles D. Industrial safety and health for administrative services[M]. CRC Press, 2009:237-240.
[19]郑鹏,刘爱华,绍鹏,等.基于能量释放和轨迹交叉论的城市交通路口安全分析[J].安全与环境工程,2008,15(2):119-122.
(1)《The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act》,针对上世纪60年代美国汽车保有量的不断增长与交通事故频繁发生的情况,美国国会通过该法案。该法案授权美国国家高速交通安全管理局(National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,NHTSA)负责制定机动车的安全标准,监督汽车制造商执行相关标准,召回缺陷汽车产品。
(2)戴维·欧文.产品责任法[M].董春华,译,北京:中国政法大学出版社,2012。
(3)田山辉明.日本侵权行为法[M].顾祝轩,丁相顺,译,北京:北京大学出版社,2011。
(4)国家技术监督局政策法规司.国外产品质量与产品责任[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1992。
(5)杨立新.侵权责任法[M].北京:法律出版社,2010。
(6)Precedent:“1. The making of law by a court in recognizing and applying new rules while administering justice.2. A decided case that furnishes a basis for determining later cases involving similar facts or issues.” See Black’s law Dictionary(Seventh edition), West Group, and 1999. P.1195.