生产作业可操作性评价理论方法框架模型研究
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摘要
通过文献研究并结合生产实际,从作业的执行过程及其相应的认知心理过程两个方面对作业的可操作性进行了描述,同时考虑时间压力建立了生产任务可操作性评价的理论方法框架模型。在操作行为分析的基础上,建立了作业复杂度与作业容易度评价体系,从作业空间评价、作业姿态评价、动作特征评价、信息获取过程评价、信息加工过程评价和信息反馈过程评价六个方面制定了作业可操作性评价指标及其计算方法。案例研究证明了本文所提出的作业可操作性分析理论框架模型的合理性与测度指标计算方法的可行性。
The operability of production job is described from two aspects of operation process and cognitive psychological process through combining literature research with production practice. Based on the analysis of operation behavior, the evaluation method framework model of production job operability is established by considering time pressure. And the operational evaluation index and its calculation method are developed from six aspects: job space evaluation, job pose evaluation, action feature evaluation, information acquisition process evaluation, information processing evaluation and information output. The case study shows that the method is feasible and can be applied to many different fields when we select different weights.
The operability of production job is described from two aspects of operation process and cognitive psychological process through combining literature research with production practice. Based on the analysis of operation behavior, the evaluation method framework model of production job operability is established by considering time pressure. And the operational evaluation index and its calculation method are developed from six aspects: job space evaluation, job pose evaluation, action feature evaluation, information acquisition process evaluation, information processing evaluation and information output. The case study shows that the method is feasible and can be applied to many different fields when we select different weights.
引文
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[2]BENJAMIN W,FREIVALDS A.Methods,standards and work design 10thed[D].New York:Mc Graw Hill Company,1999.
[3]CHIPMAN S,SCHRAAGEN,J,SHALIN,V.Introduction to cognitive task analysis[M].NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,2000.
[4]COOKE N.Varieties of knowledge elicitation techniques[J].International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,1994,41:801-849.
[5]WEI J,SALVENDY G.The cognitive task analysis methods for job and task design:Review and reappraisal[J].Behaviour and Information Technology,2004,23:273-299.
[6]ROTHROCK L,HARVEY C,BURNS J.A theoretical framework and quantitative architecture to assess team task complexity in dynamic environments[J].Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science,2005,6(2):157-71.
[7]PARK J,JEONG K,JUNG W.Identifying cognitive complexity factors affecting the complexity of proceduralized steps in emergency operating procedures of a nuclear power plant[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2005,89(2):121-136.
[8]CAMPBELL D.Task complexity:A review and analysis[J].Academy of Management Review,1988,13(1):40-52.
[9]LIU P,LI Z.Task complexity:A review and conceptualization framework[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2012,42(6):553-568.
[10]LIU P,LI Z.Comparison between conventional and digital nuclear power plant main control rooms:A task complexity perspective,Part II:Detailed results and analysis[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2014,44(3):3-11.
[11]HAM D H,PARK J,JUNG W.Model-based identification and use of task complexity factors of human integrated systems[J].Reliability Engineering&System Safety,2012,100:33-47.
[12]BONNER S.A model of the effects of audit task complexity[J].Accounting Organizations and Society,1994,19(3):213-234.
[13]HART S,STAVELAND L.Development of NASA-TLX(Task Load Index):Results of empirical and theoretical research[M].Amsterdam:North Holland Press,1988.