基于系统动力学仿真的国产汽车质量经济性研究
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摘要
为从全生命周期研究国产汽车的质量经济性,依据整车制造的质量传递及持续质量改进流程建立了闭环流图,构建了系统动力学仿真模型。通过二维质量总相关成本框架,从"预防—鉴定—损失"质量成本和寿命周期成本两个维度描述了整车的经济性,以千台车维修频次R/1000@3MIS和千台车抱怨数TGW/1000@3MIS反映部件/整车的质量水平。应用系统动力学建模刻画国产汽车质量经济性指标的交互关系,并仿真质量改进过程中不同质量活动要素投入时,整车质量经济性指标的变化规律,实现对整车的质量经济性评价。仿真结果表明,质量活动投入能够改善产品的质量经济性指标,不同质量活动及投入策略的选择对整车质量经济性提升存在差异;主机厂应通过关键零部件质量投入提升整车质量经济性,为进一步研究整车质量改善计划提供理论支持和实践参考。
To study the quality of economics of automobile parts and domestic vehicles from total lifecycle perspective,a system dynamic model based on the quality generation of automobile and continuous quality improvement procedure was established.In light of the Two Dimensional Quality Related Cost(2 D-QRC),the Prevention-AppraisalFailure(PAF)cost and lifecycle cost were highlighted to describe the economy of auto products.The maintenance frequency per thousand vehicles(R/1000@3 MIS)and customer complaints per thousand vehicles(TGW/1000@3 MIS)indexes were employed to reflect the quality level of key parts and automobile products.To evaluate the quality of economics of automobile product,Vensim PLE was applied to simulate the constructed system dynamics model,which could derive the variation trend of key indicators in different quality investment portfolios of specific quality activities.The simulation results showed that the quality investment could improve the performance of quality of economic indicators,especially by quality improvement of key parts and supplier management,and there existed the obvious discrepancy of improvement performance among different quality activities and improvement strategies.The domestic automotive industry could improve the quality of economics of their products with key outsourcing parts enhancement,which would provide theoretical support and practical reference to the future research on strategic quality improvement plan establishment.
To study the quality of economics of automobile parts and domestic vehicles from total lifecycle perspective,a system dynamic model based on the quality generation of automobile and continuous quality improvement procedure was established.In light of the Two Dimensional Quality Related Cost(2 D-QRC),the Prevention-AppraisalFailure(PAF)cost and lifecycle cost were highlighted to describe the economy of auto products.The maintenance frequency per thousand vehicles(R/1000@3 MIS)and customer complaints per thousand vehicles(TGW/1000@3 MIS)indexes were employed to reflect the quality level of key parts and automobile products.To evaluate the quality of economics of automobile product,Vensim PLE was applied to simulate the constructed system dynamics model,which could derive the variation trend of key indicators in different quality investment portfolios of specific quality activities.The simulation results showed that the quality investment could improve the performance of quality of economic indicators,especially by quality improvement of key parts and supplier management,and there existed the obvious discrepancy of improvement performance among different quality activities and improvement strategies.The domestic automotive industry could improve the quality of economics of their products with key outsourcing parts enhancement,which would provide theoretical support and practical reference to the future research on strategic quality improvement plan establishment.
引文
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[23]TUOMINEN V.Cost modeling of inspection strategies in automotive quality control[J].Engineering Management Research,2012,1(2):33-45.
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[25]HE Ting,ZHAN Jieting,ZHAN Dechen,et al.Quality costing method based on business rules in enterprise[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2007,13(2):381-386(in Chinse).[何霆,詹婕婷,战德臣,等.基于业务规则的企业质量成本核算方法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(2):381-386.]
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[30]ZHANG Junrong,WANG Zidan,TANG Ling,et al.The simulation of carbon emission trading system in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region:an analysis based on system dynamics[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,2016,24(3):1-8(in Chinese).[张俊荣,王孜丹,汤铃,等.基于系统动力学的京津冀碳排放交易政策影响研究[J].中国管理科学,2016,24(3):1-8.]
[31]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,CHEN Shan,et al.Quality improvement procedure(QIP)based on 8Dand six sigma pilot programs in automotive industry[J].Advances in Economics,Business and Management Research,2016,16:275-281.
[32]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,GOH M,et al.Supplier portfolio of key outsourcing parts selection using a two-stage decision making framework for Chinese domestic auto-maker[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering,2019,128:559-575.
[33]LIU Dongcai,LUO Zheng,ZHANG Wenhua.Research on optimal quality-cost model[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2007,29(5):160-161(in Chinese).[刘东才,雒征,张文华.最佳质量成本模型的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,29(5):160-161.]
[34]LIU Pei,MU Dong,XIA Hui.System dynamics model for coordination among stakeholders of regional freight systems[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2016,22(3):859-869(in Chinese).[刘沛,穆东,夏辉.基于系统动力学的区域运输多主体利益协调[J].计算机集成制造系统,2016,22(3):859-869.]
[35]XU Y,SZMEREKOVSKY J.System dynamic modeling of energy savings in the US food industry[J].Journal of Cleaner Production.2017,165:13-26.
[36]YAN Haiyan,LIU Hui,XU Bo.Research on dynamic integration capability in cross-border merger and acquisition based on system dynamics[J].Journal of Systems Science,2016,24(1):70-74(in Chinese).[阎海燕,刘慧,徐波.基于系统动力学的企业跨国并购动态整合能力研究[J].系统科学学报,2016,24(1):70-74.]
[37]SADREDDIN A,SAWAN R,SCHIFFAUEROVA A.U-sing system dynamics approach to model cost of quality in the procurement process of the construction industry[EB/OL].[2017-07-14].http://j-s-d.jp/en/2014APCProceedings/papers/P1012.pdf,2014.
[38]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,LIN Yun.Production effectiveness-based system reliability calculation of serial manufacturing with checking machine[J].Journal of Computers(Taiwan),2016,27(3):201-211.
[2]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,LIM M K,et al.Sustainable recycling partner selection using fuzzy DEMATEL-AEW-FVIKOR:a case study in small-and-medium enterprises(SMEs)[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,196:489-504.
[3]GUAJARDO J A,COHEN M A,NETESSINE S.Service competition and product quality in the U.S.automobile industry[J].Management Science,2016,62(7):1860-1877.
[4]ZHOU F,WANG X,LIN Y,et al.Strategic part prioritization for quality improvement practice using a hybrid MCDMframework:a case application in an auto factory[J].Sustainability,2016,8(6):559-570.
[5]JURAN J M,GODFREY A B.Quality handbook[J].New York,N.Y.,USA:Republished McGraw-Hill,1999:173-178.
[6]SCHIFFAUEROVA A,THOMSON V.A review of research on cost of quality models and best practices[J].International Journal of Quality&Reliability Management,2006,23(6):647-669.
[7]CHIADAMRONG N.The development of an economic quality cost model[J].Total Quality Management&Business Excellence,2003,14(9):999-1014.
[8]ATANOV A,ZAVADSKY J,SEDLIAIKOV M,et al.How Slovak small and medium manufacturing enterprises maintain quality costs:an empirical study and proposal for a suitable model[J].Total Quality Management&Business Excellence,2015,26(11/12):1146-1160.
[9]ZHOU F,WANG X,WU N,et al.Quality cost framework based on lifecycle theory and PAF model[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Project Management.Sydney,Australia:Aussino Academic Publishing House,2016:730-735.
[10]SHANG Shanshan,YOU Jianxin.Modeling research on the relationship between quality cost and quality level[J].Statistics&Decision,2010(7):72-75(in Chinese).[尚珊珊,尤建新.质量成本与质量水平关系及其模型研究[J].统计与决策,2010(7):72-75.]
[11]LIM C,SHERALI H D,GLICKMAN T S.Cost-of-quality optimization via zero-one polynomial programming[J].IIETransactions,2014,47(3):258-273.
[12]AMAN S,GOMIEK B.Functional form of connections between perceived service quality,customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the automotive servicing industry[J].Total Quality Management&Business Excellence,2015,26(7/8):888-904.
[13]XIN Zhigao,ZHAO Xu.Quality cost optimization model based on customer satisfaction[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications:Social Science Edition,2010,12(2):57-60(in Chinese).[辛制高,赵旭.基于顾客满意度的质量成本优化模型[J].北京邮电大学学报:社会科学版,2010,12(2):57-60.]
[14]ZHOU F,WANG X,CHEN S,et al.Research on quality cost model(QCM)based on quality improvement procedure(QIP)in an auto-factory[J].International Journal of Database Theory and Application,2017,10(1):14-21.
[15]PAN Yanhua,XIAO Jing.Quality cost model based on customer satisfaction[J].Systems Engineering,2015,33(1):74-80(in Chinese).[潘燕华,肖静.基于顾客满意的质量成本模型[J].系统工程,2015,33(1):74-80.]
[16]MURTHY D P,BLISCHKE W R.Warranty management and product manufacture[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer Science&Business Media,2006.
[17]HOYLE D.Automotive quality systems handbook[M].Amsterdam,Netherlands:Elsevier,2000.
[18]NAIDU N V R.Mathematical model for quality cost optimization[J].Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2008,24(6):811-815.
[19]TSAI W H,HSU W.A novel hybrid model based on DE-MATEL and ANP for selecting cost of quality model development[J].Total Quality Management&Business Excellence,2010,21(4):439-456.
[20]PIRES A R,COCIORVA A,SARAIVA M,et al.Management of quality-related costs.the case of Portuguese companies[J].Total Quality Management&Business Excellence,2013,24(7/8):782-796.
[21]BHUTTA K S,HUQ F.Supplier selection problem:a comparison of the total cost of ownership and analytic hierarchy process approaches[J].Supply Chain Management,2002,7(3):126-135.
[22]LIPMAN T E,DELUCCHI M A.A retail and lifecycle cost analysis of hybrid electric vehicles[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2006,11(2):115-132.
[23]TUOMINEN V.Cost modeling of inspection strategies in automotive quality control[J].Engineering Management Research,2012,1(2):33-45.
[24]GAO Nini,LIU Zixian.A review on implication,estimation method and control method of hidden costs[J].Science Research Management,2014,35(9):69-78(in Chinese).[高妮妮,刘子先.隐性成本含义、估测方法和控制方法研究述评[J].科研管理,2014,35(9):69-78.]
[25]HE Ting,ZHAN Jieting,ZHAN Dechen,et al.Quality costing method based on business rules in enterprise[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2007,13(2):381-386(in Chinse).[何霆,詹婕婷,战德臣,等.基于业务规则的企业质量成本核算方法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(2):381-386.]
[26]SNIESKA V,DAUNORIENE A,ZEKEVICIENE A.Hidden costs in the evaluation of quality failure costs[J].Engineering Economics,2013,24(3):176-186.
[27]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,CHEN Shan,et al.COQ math model case study for self-brand automobile industry[C]//Proceedings of the 2015IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management.Washington,D.C.,USA:IEEE,2015:1392-1396.
[28]LI Jian,ZHANG Wenwen,BAI Xiaoyun,et al.System-dynamics-based factor analysis for the speed of emergency materials transportation[J].Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice,2015,35(3):661-670(in Chinese).[李健,张文文,白晓昀,等.基于系统动力学的应急物资调运速度影响因素研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2015,35(3):661-670.]
[29]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,LIN Yun,et al.Priority establishment of quality improvement procedure part based on fuzzyVIKOR method[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2016,22(12):2809-2818(in Chinese).[周福礼,王旭,林云,等.基于F-VIKOR的质量改善部件优先级确定[J].计算机集成制造系统,2016,22(12):2809-2818.]
[30]ZHANG Junrong,WANG Zidan,TANG Ling,et al.The simulation of carbon emission trading system in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region:an analysis based on system dynamics[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,2016,24(3):1-8(in Chinese).[张俊荣,王孜丹,汤铃,等.基于系统动力学的京津冀碳排放交易政策影响研究[J].中国管理科学,2016,24(3):1-8.]
[31]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,CHEN Shan,et al.Quality improvement procedure(QIP)based on 8Dand six sigma pilot programs in automotive industry[J].Advances in Economics,Business and Management Research,2016,16:275-281.
[32]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,GOH M,et al.Supplier portfolio of key outsourcing parts selection using a two-stage decision making framework for Chinese domestic auto-maker[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering,2019,128:559-575.
[33]LIU Dongcai,LUO Zheng,ZHANG Wenhua.Research on optimal quality-cost model[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2007,29(5):160-161(in Chinese).[刘东才,雒征,张文华.最佳质量成本模型的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,29(5):160-161.]
[34]LIU Pei,MU Dong,XIA Hui.System dynamics model for coordination among stakeholders of regional freight systems[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2016,22(3):859-869(in Chinese).[刘沛,穆东,夏辉.基于系统动力学的区域运输多主体利益协调[J].计算机集成制造系统,2016,22(3):859-869.]
[35]XU Y,SZMEREKOVSKY J.System dynamic modeling of energy savings in the US food industry[J].Journal of Cleaner Production.2017,165:13-26.
[36]YAN Haiyan,LIU Hui,XU Bo.Research on dynamic integration capability in cross-border merger and acquisition based on system dynamics[J].Journal of Systems Science,2016,24(1):70-74(in Chinese).[阎海燕,刘慧,徐波.基于系统动力学的企业跨国并购动态整合能力研究[J].系统科学学报,2016,24(1):70-74.]
[37]SADREDDIN A,SAWAN R,SCHIFFAUEROVA A.U-sing system dynamics approach to model cost of quality in the procurement process of the construction industry[EB/OL].[2017-07-14].http://j-s-d.jp/en/2014APCProceedings/papers/P1012.pdf,2014.
[38]ZHOU Fuli,WANG Xu,LIN Yun.Production effectiveness-based system reliability calculation of serial manufacturing with checking machine[J].Journal of Computers(Taiwan),2016,27(3):201-211.