负压式光生物反应器对微藻的培养效果
|
摘要
采用一种新型负压式光生物反应器对常用饵料微藻威氏海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)的培养效果进行研究,分析培养过程中藻密度、异养菌与弧菌(Vibrios)数量及氨氮与亚硝酸氮质量浓度变化及相互关系。结果表明:在负压光生物反应器培养下威氏海链藻的生长速度快,培养第4天达到平台期,藻密度最大值可达到1.5×10~6个/mL,最大比生长率可达1.37;弧菌与异养菌数量两者变化趋势相同,分别为(0.19～2.70)×10~4 cfu/mL和(0.071～0.93)×10~6 cfu/mL,藻与细菌表现出相互竞争抑制的效果,在指数增长期藻对细菌抑制较强,特别是对弧菌的抑制,在平台期与衰败期藻对弧菌与异养菌的抑制作用逐渐减弱。藻液中氨氮与亚硝酸氮质量浓度随藻密度增加而上升,最高值分别达到0.24 mg/L和0.37 mg/L,指数增长期藻密度与氨氮和亚硝酸氮质量浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。因此,采用负压式光生物反应器培养威氏海链藻,可以大大缩短培养周期,抑制细菌生长,提高培养效率和藻液质量,但需要在投喂幼体前对藻液进行充分曝气来降低氨氮与亚硝酸氮质量浓度。该反应器是一种适合饵料微藻培养的系统。研究结果为负压光生物反应器作为微藻生物饵料培养系统的应用提供了参考依据。
A new type of negative pressure photobioreactor was used to explore culture effect of feeding microalgae-Thalassiosira weissflogii. The change of algae density, the quantity of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrios, the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, and their relationship were investigated. Thalassiosira weissflogii grew fast and reached plateau stage on the 4 th day of culture, the highest value of algal density was 1.5×10~6 cells/mL,and the specific growth rate was 1.37. Quantities of vibrios and heterotrophic bacteria ranged from(0.19-2.70)×10~4 cfu/mL and(0.071-0.93)×10~6 cfu/mL, respectively. Compared to the plateau and decay periods, algae had strong inhibition on bacteria in the exponential growth stage, especially vibrios. The mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in algae solution were accompanied by increased algae density, and the highest value was 0.24 mg/L and 0.37 mg/L, respectively. The algae density was positively correlated with the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite during the exponential growth period(P<0.05). The negative pressure photobioreactor could shorten the cultivation period, inhibit the growth of bacteria,improve the cultivation efficiency and the quality of algae solution. It is a system suitable for feeding microalgae culture. But it's worth noting that the algae solution should be fully aerated to reduce the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen before feeding the larvae. This study provides reference for the application of negative pressure light bioreactor as feeding microalgae culture system.
A new type of negative pressure photobioreactor was used to explore culture effect of feeding microalgae-Thalassiosira weissflogii. The change of algae density, the quantity of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrios, the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, and their relationship were investigated. Thalassiosira weissflogii grew fast and reached plateau stage on the 4 th day of culture, the highest value of algal density was 1.5×10~6 cells/mL,and the specific growth rate was 1.37. Quantities of vibrios and heterotrophic bacteria ranged from(0.19-2.70)×10~4 cfu/mL and(0.071-0.93)×10~6 cfu/mL, respectively. Compared to the plateau and decay periods, algae had strong inhibition on bacteria in the exponential growth stage, especially vibrios. The mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in algae solution were accompanied by increased algae density, and the highest value was 0.24 mg/L and 0.37 mg/L, respectively. The algae density was positively correlated with the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite during the exponential growth period(P<0.05). The negative pressure photobioreactor could shorten the cultivation period, inhibit the growth of bacteria,improve the cultivation efficiency and the quality of algae solution. It is a system suitable for feeding microalgae culture. But it's worth noting that the algae solution should be fully aerated to reduce the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen before feeding the larvae. This study provides reference for the application of negative pressure light bioreactor as feeding microalgae culture system.
引文
[1] JAMALI H,AHMADIFARD N,ABDOLLAHI D.Evaluation of growth,survival and body composition of larval white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)fed the combination of three types of algae[J].International Aquatic Research,2015,7(2):115-122.
[2] 黄翔鹄,李活,李长玲,等.牟氏角毛藻对对虾育苗水质及抗逆性的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2008,28(6):46-50.HUANG X H,LI H,LI C L,et al.Effect of Chaetoceros muellerion water quality and anti-stress ability of larval prawn[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2008,28(6):46-50.
[3] 俞建中,梁欣欣,魏东,等.三种饵料微藻在凡纳滨对虾育苗中的饲喂效果评价[J].现代食品科技,2013,29(4):762-767.YU J Z,LIANG X X,WEI D,et al.Feeding effect evaluation of three microalgae in the larval rearing of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2013,29(4):762-767.
[4] 郑莲,黄翔鹄,刘楚吾,等.两种微藻对凡纳滨对虾养殖环境中细菌数量变化的影响[J].台湾海峡,2005,24(2):178-182.ZHENG L,HUANG X H,LIU C W,et al.Influence of two microalgaeon bacteria communitiy structure incultural environment of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2005,24(2):178-182.
[5] 刘娟妮,胡萍,姚领,等.微藻培养中光生物反应器的研究进展[J].食品科学,2006,27(12):772-777.LIU J N,HU P,YAO L,et al.Advance of photobioreactor on microalgalcultivation[J].Food Science,2006,27(12):772-777.
[6] 伊廷强,叶静,何泽超.海洋微藻培养及光生物反应器的研究进展[J].化工设计,2008,18(3):11-14.YI T Q,YE J,HE Z C.Research progressof cultivationof marine microalgaeand photo-bioreactor[J].Chemical Engineering Design,2008,18(3):11-14.
[7] ISMAR S M H,HANSEN T,SOMMER U.Effect of food concentration and type of diet on Acartia survival and naupliar development[J].Marine Biology,2008,154(2):335-343.
[8] SOUTHGATE P C,BRALEY R D,MILITZ T A.Ingestion and digestion of micro-algae concentratesby veliger larvae of the giant clam,Tridacnanoae[J].Aquaculture,2017,473:443-448.
[9] DUY N D Q,FRANCIS D S,PIROZZI I,et al.Use of micro-algae concentrates for hatchery culture of sandfish,Holothuriascabra[J].Aquaculture,2016,464:145-152.
[10] 林伟,陈騳,刘秀云.海洋微藻除菌及除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点比较[J].海洋与湖沼,2000,31(6):647-652.LIN W,CHEN D,LIU X Y.Marine microalgalaxenation and comparison of growth characteristics between natural and axenic marine microalgae[J].Oceanologiaet Limnologia Sinica,2000,31(6):647-652.
[11] 宋睿.蓝藻水华衍生物铵态氮对典型水生生物的生物效应研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011:2.SONG R.Studies on cyanobacterial blooms-producing ammonia and the biologic effects on typical aquatic organisms[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2011:2.
[12] 孙国铭,汤建华,仲霞铭.氨氮和亚硝酸氮对南美白对虾的毒性研究[J].水产养殖,2002(1):22-24.SUN G M,TANG J H,ZHONG X M.Toxicity research of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen to Penaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Aquaculture,2002(1):22-24.
[13] 王敏,田孟丹,范耘硕,等.不同营养盐水平对威氏海链藻生长特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):154-159.WANG M,TIAN M D,FAN Y S,et al.Effects of different nutrient levels on growth characteristics of Thalassiosira weissflogii[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(3):154-159.
[14] 刘皓,高永利,殷克东,等.不同氮磷比对中肋骨条藻和威氏海链藻生长特性的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(6):92-97.LIU H,GAO Y L,YIN K D,et al.Effects of N to P ratio on the growth of two red tide diatom Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira weissflogii[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2010,29(6):92-97.
[15] 游文朗,陈必链,王娟.平板式光生物反应器中紫球藻培养条件的优化[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(1):30-33.YOU W L,CHEN B L,WANG J.Optimization of culture conditions of Porphyridium cruentum in the flat plate photobioreactor[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2006,15(1):30-33.
[16] WANG B,LAN C Q,HORSMAN M.Closed photobioreactors for production of microalgal biomasses[J].Biotechnology Advances,2012,30(4):904-912.
[17] HULATT C J,THOMAS D N.Energy efficiency of an outdoor microalgal photobioreactor sited at mid-temperate latitude[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(12):6687-6695.
[18] 刘凤路,张福,邸富荣,等.微藻复合多糖的抑菌及抗氧化研究[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(2):16-22.LIU F L,ZHANG F,DI F R,et al.Evaluation of antimicrobial activities and antioxidant capacity polysaccharides compounds from microalgae[J].Food Research and Development,2017,38(2):16-22.
[19] 陈峰,田维娜,孙东哲,等.微藻对微生物的抑制作用及其抑菌机理[J].中国食品学报,2014,14(4):1-9.CHEN F,TIAN W N,SUN D Z,et al.Inhibition of microalgae on microbial and antibacterial mechanism:a review[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2014,14(4):1-9.
[20] 林伟,陈騳,刘秀云.海洋微藻培育系统抗弧菌作用机理[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(1):7-14.LIN W,CHEN D,LIU X Y.The antivibriomechanism of microalgae cultivation system[J].Oceanologiaet Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(1):7-14.
[21] 黄翔鹄,李长玲,刘楚吾,等.两种微藻改善虾池环境增强凡纳对虾抗病力的研究[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(4):342-347.HUANG X H,LI C L,LIU C W,et al.Studies on two microalgae improving environment of shrimp pond and strengthening anti-disease ability of Penaeus vannamei[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(4):342-347.
[22] 刘盼,贾成霞,杨慕,等.2种微藻对养殖水体中氨氮和亚硝态氮的净化作用[J].水产科学,2018,37(3):389-393.LIU P,JIA C X,YANG M,et al.Removal of ammonia and nitrite nitrogen in aquaculture water by two species of microalgae[J].Fisheries Science,2018,37(3):389-393.
[23] 王巧宁.大规模藻华区低氧对海洋生物的影响研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2012:16-17.WANG Q N.The effects of hypoxia on the marine organisms in large-scale algal bloom area[D].Qingdao:Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Oceanology),2012:16-17.
[24] 张青田,董双林,胡桂坤,等.不同氮源对微藻增殖的影响[J].海洋科学,2005,29(2):8-11.ZHANG Q T,DONG S L,HU G K,et al.Effects of different nitrogen on growth of microalgae[J].Marine Sciences,2005,29(2):8-11.
[25] BENDER S J,PARKER M S,ARMBRUST E V.Coupled effects of light and nitrogen source on the urea cycle and nitrogen metabolism over a diel cycle in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana[J].Protist,2012,163(2):232-251.
[2] 黄翔鹄,李活,李长玲,等.牟氏角毛藻对对虾育苗水质及抗逆性的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2008,28(6):46-50.HUANG X H,LI H,LI C L,et al.Effect of Chaetoceros muellerion water quality and anti-stress ability of larval prawn[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2008,28(6):46-50.
[3] 俞建中,梁欣欣,魏东,等.三种饵料微藻在凡纳滨对虾育苗中的饲喂效果评价[J].现代食品科技,2013,29(4):762-767.YU J Z,LIANG X X,WEI D,et al.Feeding effect evaluation of three microalgae in the larval rearing of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2013,29(4):762-767.
[4] 郑莲,黄翔鹄,刘楚吾,等.两种微藻对凡纳滨对虾养殖环境中细菌数量变化的影响[J].台湾海峡,2005,24(2):178-182.ZHENG L,HUANG X H,LIU C W,et al.Influence of two microalgaeon bacteria communitiy structure incultural environment of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2005,24(2):178-182.
[5] 刘娟妮,胡萍,姚领,等.微藻培养中光生物反应器的研究进展[J].食品科学,2006,27(12):772-777.LIU J N,HU P,YAO L,et al.Advance of photobioreactor on microalgalcultivation[J].Food Science,2006,27(12):772-777.
[6] 伊廷强,叶静,何泽超.海洋微藻培养及光生物反应器的研究进展[J].化工设计,2008,18(3):11-14.YI T Q,YE J,HE Z C.Research progressof cultivationof marine microalgaeand photo-bioreactor[J].Chemical Engineering Design,2008,18(3):11-14.
[7] ISMAR S M H,HANSEN T,SOMMER U.Effect of food concentration and type of diet on Acartia survival and naupliar development[J].Marine Biology,2008,154(2):335-343.
[8] SOUTHGATE P C,BRALEY R D,MILITZ T A.Ingestion and digestion of micro-algae concentratesby veliger larvae of the giant clam,Tridacnanoae[J].Aquaculture,2017,473:443-448.
[9] DUY N D Q,FRANCIS D S,PIROZZI I,et al.Use of micro-algae concentrates for hatchery culture of sandfish,Holothuriascabra[J].Aquaculture,2016,464:145-152.
[10] 林伟,陈騳,刘秀云.海洋微藻除菌及除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点比较[J].海洋与湖沼,2000,31(6):647-652.LIN W,CHEN D,LIU X Y.Marine microalgalaxenation and comparison of growth characteristics between natural and axenic marine microalgae[J].Oceanologiaet Limnologia Sinica,2000,31(6):647-652.
[11] 宋睿.蓝藻水华衍生物铵态氮对典型水生生物的生物效应研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011:2.SONG R.Studies on cyanobacterial blooms-producing ammonia and the biologic effects on typical aquatic organisms[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2011:2.
[12] 孙国铭,汤建华,仲霞铭.氨氮和亚硝酸氮对南美白对虾的毒性研究[J].水产养殖,2002(1):22-24.SUN G M,TANG J H,ZHONG X M.Toxicity research of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen to Penaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Aquaculture,2002(1):22-24.
[13] 王敏,田孟丹,范耘硕,等.不同营养盐水平对威氏海链藻生长特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):154-159.WANG M,TIAN M D,FAN Y S,et al.Effects of different nutrient levels on growth characteristics of Thalassiosira weissflogii[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(3):154-159.
[14] 刘皓,高永利,殷克东,等.不同氮磷比对中肋骨条藻和威氏海链藻生长特性的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(6):92-97.LIU H,GAO Y L,YIN K D,et al.Effects of N to P ratio on the growth of two red tide diatom Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira weissflogii[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2010,29(6):92-97.
[15] 游文朗,陈必链,王娟.平板式光生物反应器中紫球藻培养条件的优化[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(1):30-33.YOU W L,CHEN B L,WANG J.Optimization of culture conditions of Porphyridium cruentum in the flat plate photobioreactor[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2006,15(1):30-33.
[16] WANG B,LAN C Q,HORSMAN M.Closed photobioreactors for production of microalgal biomasses[J].Biotechnology Advances,2012,30(4):904-912.
[17] HULATT C J,THOMAS D N.Energy efficiency of an outdoor microalgal photobioreactor sited at mid-temperate latitude[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(12):6687-6695.
[18] 刘凤路,张福,邸富荣,等.微藻复合多糖的抑菌及抗氧化研究[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(2):16-22.LIU F L,ZHANG F,DI F R,et al.Evaluation of antimicrobial activities and antioxidant capacity polysaccharides compounds from microalgae[J].Food Research and Development,2017,38(2):16-22.
[19] 陈峰,田维娜,孙东哲,等.微藻对微生物的抑制作用及其抑菌机理[J].中国食品学报,2014,14(4):1-9.CHEN F,TIAN W N,SUN D Z,et al.Inhibition of microalgae on microbial and antibacterial mechanism:a review[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2014,14(4):1-9.
[20] 林伟,陈騳,刘秀云.海洋微藻培育系统抗弧菌作用机理[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(1):7-14.LIN W,CHEN D,LIU X Y.The antivibriomechanism of microalgae cultivation system[J].Oceanologiaet Limnologia Sinica,2001,32(1):7-14.
[21] 黄翔鹄,李长玲,刘楚吾,等.两种微藻改善虾池环境增强凡纳对虾抗病力的研究[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(4):342-347.HUANG X H,LI C L,LIU C W,et al.Studies on two microalgae improving environment of shrimp pond and strengthening anti-disease ability of Penaeus vannamei[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(4):342-347.
[22] 刘盼,贾成霞,杨慕,等.2种微藻对养殖水体中氨氮和亚硝态氮的净化作用[J].水产科学,2018,37(3):389-393.LIU P,JIA C X,YANG M,et al.Removal of ammonia and nitrite nitrogen in aquaculture water by two species of microalgae[J].Fisheries Science,2018,37(3):389-393.
[23] 王巧宁.大规模藻华区低氧对海洋生物的影响研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2012:16-17.WANG Q N.The effects of hypoxia on the marine organisms in large-scale algal bloom area[D].Qingdao:Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Oceanology),2012:16-17.
[24] 张青田,董双林,胡桂坤,等.不同氮源对微藻增殖的影响[J].海洋科学,2005,29(2):8-11.ZHANG Q T,DONG S L,HU G K,et al.Effects of different nitrogen on growth of microalgae[J].Marine Sciences,2005,29(2):8-11.
[25] BENDER S J,PARKER M S,ARMBRUST E V.Coupled effects of light and nitrogen source on the urea cycle and nitrogen metabolism over a diel cycle in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana[J].Protist,2012,163(2):232-251.