花岗岩循环爆破振动衰减规律与损伤演化机理试验
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摘要
为了研究岩石在循环爆破作用下的动力学响应,本文对黑云母花岗岩试块进行了小型爆破试验,利用加速度传感器和声波测试仪,分别对循环爆破荷载下质点振动衰减规律与累积损伤演化机理进行了探析,并对不同装药量下花岗岩试块的裂纹扩展与断裂形态进行了比较。结果表明:萨道夫斯基公式对室内花岗岩试块的爆破振动衰减规律具有较好的适用性,拟合相关参数都处于0. 90以上;花岗岩的爆破损伤随着爆破次数的增加而增加,且损伤值随着距爆心距离(爆心距)的增加而降低,近区损伤值迅速降低,降幅约为1. 46/m,而中区和远区损伤值降低相对缓慢,约为0. 57/m和0. 13/m;花岗岩的破坏程度和装药量有较高的关联度,当药量较低时,岩块致裂所需要的爆破次数就越大;随着药量增加到一定程度,岩块在低爆破次数下就会发生破坏;此外,还发现随着装药量的增加,试块爆后破裂的块数呈现增加趋势,如较低药量时试样破裂成2块,较高药量下破裂成3～4块。
To investigate the dynamical response of rock under cyclic blasting,the small-scale blast tests of biotite granite were carried out. By using the acceleration transducer and ultrasonic testing apparatus,the attenuation law of particle vibration and the evolution mechanism of cumulative damage of the granite subjected to cyclic blasting were analyzed,respectively,and the crack propagation and fracture shape of the rock block under different charges were further compared. Results show that the Sadowski 's formula has a good applicability to describe the attenuation law of rock particle vibration in laboratory blasting,and the values of fit goodness are above 0. 90. The blast damage of the granite increases with the blast number. Besides,the damage decreases with the increase of the distance from explosive center,and the rock damage of the near area decreases rapidly,with a decreasing amplitude of 1. 46/m,while those of the middle area and far area decrease slowly,the amplitudes being 0. 57/m and 0. 13/m,respectively. The charge amount has a high correlation with the degree of rock damage. When the charge is smaller,the blast number for rock fracturing is higher. When the charge increases to a certain extent,the rock block might be destroyed under a lower blast number. In addition,the number of rock fractures increases as the increase of charge. For example,the sample breaks into 2 pieces when the charge is low,while it breaks into 3 or 4 pieces under a high charge.
To investigate the dynamical response of rock under cyclic blasting,the small-scale blast tests of biotite granite were carried out. By using the acceleration transducer and ultrasonic testing apparatus,the attenuation law of particle vibration and the evolution mechanism of cumulative damage of the granite subjected to cyclic blasting were analyzed,respectively,and the crack propagation and fracture shape of the rock block under different charges were further compared. Results show that the Sadowski 's formula has a good applicability to describe the attenuation law of rock particle vibration in laboratory blasting,and the values of fit goodness are above 0. 90. The blast damage of the granite increases with the blast number. Besides,the damage decreases with the increase of the distance from explosive center,and the rock damage of the near area decreases rapidly,with a decreasing amplitude of 1. 46/m,while those of the middle area and far area decrease slowly,the amplitudes being 0. 57/m and 0. 13/m,respectively. The charge amount has a high correlation with the degree of rock damage. When the charge is smaller,the blast number for rock fracturing is higher. When the charge increases to a certain extent,the rock block might be destroyed under a lower blast number. In addition,the number of rock fractures increases as the increase of charge. For example,the sample breaks into 2 pieces when the charge is low,while it breaks into 3 or 4 pieces under a high charge.
引文
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[15]张在晨,林从谋,黄志波,等.隧道爆破近区振动的预测方法[J].爆炸与冲击,2014,34(3):367-372.[ZHANG Z C,LIN C M,HUANG Z B,et al.Prediction of blasting vibration of area near tunnel blasting source[J]. Explode and Shock Waves,2014,34(3):367-372.(in Chinese)]
[2]潘城,赵光明,孟祥瑞.爆炸荷载作用下围岩累积损伤效应的数值分析[J].爆破,2016,33(1):30-33.[PAN C,ZHAO G M,MENG X R. Numerical analysis of surrounding rock cumulative damage under explosion loading[J]. Blasting,2016,33(1):30-33.(in Chinese)]
[3]闫长斌,徐国元,杨飞.爆破动荷载作用下围岩累积损伤效应声波测试研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):88-93.[YAN C B,XU G Y,YANG F. Measurement of sound waves to study cumulative damage effect on surrounding rock under blasting load[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(1):88-93.(in Chinese)]
[4]闫长斌.基于声速变化的岩体爆破累积损伤效应[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):187-192.[YAN C B. Blasting damage cumulative effect of rock mass based on sound velocity variation[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Sup 1):187-192.(in Chinese)]
[5]陈亚楠.多次爆破振动下岩体开挖累积损伤的研究[D].合肥:安徽理工大学,2016.[CHEN Y N.Study on the accumulative damage of rock mass excavation under the action of multiple blasting[D].Hefei:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2006.(in Chinese)]
[6]李洪涛,舒大强.爆破振动衰减规律的影响因素[J].武汉大学学报,2005,38(1):79-82.[LI H T,SHU D Q. Influential factors analysis of blasting vibration attenuation law[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2005,38(1):79-82.(in Chinese)]
[7]吕涛,石永强,黄诚,等.非线性回归法求解爆破振动速度衰减公式参数[J].岩土力学,2007,28(9):1871-1878.[LYU T,SHI Y Q,HUANG C,et al. Study on attenuation parameters of blasting vibration by nonlinear regression analysis[J]. Rock&Soil Mechanics,2007,28(9):1871-1878.(in Chinese)]
[8]戴长冰,水丽,宋守志.水下爆破冲击波的特点分析与计算[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29(4):24-25.[DAI C B,SHUI L,SONG S Z. Research of the impulsive wave of underwater blasting[J].Hydrogeological&Engineering Geology,2002,29(4):24-25.(in Chinese)]
[9]饶运章,汪弘.爆破振动速度衰减规律的多元线性回归分析[J].金属矿山,2013,42(12):46-47.[RAO Y Z,WANG H. Multiple regression linear analysis on attenuation formula of blasting vibration velocity[J]. Metal Mine,2013,42(12):46-47.(in Chinese)]
[10]程远方,寇永强,徐鹏,等.水泥试块爆炸压裂模拟试验[J].中国石油大学学报,2010,34(5):69-72.[CHENG Y F, KOU Y Q, XU P, et al.Explosive fracturing simulation test of cement samples[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum,2010,34(5):69-72.(in Chinese)]
[11]褚怀保,叶红宇,杨小林,等.高强混凝土试块爆破损伤累积规律试验研究[J].爆破,2016,33(1):1-5.[CHU H B,YE H Y,YANG X L,et al.Experimental study on accumulation law of blasting damage on high-strength concrete block[J]. Blasting,2016,33(1):1-5.(in Chinese)]
[12]张志呈.岩石断裂控制爆破的裂纹扩展[J].西南科技大学学报,2000,15(1):6-11.[ZHANG Z C.The crack expansion of controlled blastiong for rock fracture[J]. Journal of Southwest Institute of Technology,2000,15(1):6-11.(in Chinese)]
[13]吴立,饶杨安,黄常波.爆破振动分析预测与控制方法综述[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(增刊1):138-142.[WU L, RAO Y A, HUANG C B.Synthetic study on the methods of blasting vibration prediction and control[J]. Hydrogeological&Engineering Geology,2003,30(Sup1):138-142.(in Chinese)]
[14]胡建华,尚俊龙,罗先伟,等.单孔爆破振动监测与衰减规律多元线性化回归[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(16):49-53.[HU J H,SHANG J L,LUO X W,et al. Monitoring of single-hole blasting vibration and detection of its attenuation law by using multiple linear regression[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(16):49-53.(in Chinese)]
[15]张在晨,林从谋,黄志波,等.隧道爆破近区振动的预测方法[J].爆炸与冲击,2014,34(3):367-372.[ZHANG Z C,LIN C M,HUANG Z B,et al.Prediction of blasting vibration of area near tunnel blasting source[J]. Explode and Shock Waves,2014,34(3):367-372.(in Chinese)]