水分胁迫条件下西红柿耗水规律及产量研究
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摘要
为合理地指导滨海地区设施蔬菜节水灌溉技术的应用,促进绿色农业的进一步发展,对主要蔬菜作物开展水分胁迫条件下的耗水规律及产量研究非常重要。以西红柿为试验对象进行研究,设置5个灌水处理,对土壤含水量及西红柿的干重、鲜重进行测定,应用水量平衡方程、根系层下界面水分上升通量模型对耗水量进行计算分析;分析设施种植条件下西红柿干重、鲜重与灌水量之间的关系。结果表明,随着水分胁迫程度的增大,设施西红柿的耗水量和产量均减小,水分利用效率逐渐增高,在开花坐果期和果实采摘期的干物质增长速率变大。在不同的水分胁迫条件下,西红柿在苗期对水分胁迫的响应较小,日耗水量变化幅度为0.2～1.5 mm,开花坐果期和果实采摘期对水分胁迫程度最敏感,日耗水量变化幅度为0.1～5.2 mm。灌水量为270 mm时,西红柿的产量能达到充分灌溉产量的98%,且水分生产效率提高9.38%,可为制定精确灌溉制度提供参考。
In order to reasonably guide the application of water-saving irrigation technology for vegetables in coastal facilities and promote the further development of green agriculture, it is very important to study the water consumption law and yield of major vegetable crops under water stress. Five irrigation treatments were used to measure soil moisture content, dry weight and fresh weight of tomatoes. Water consumption was calculated and analyzed by using water balance equation and rising water flux model of the interface under root layer. The relationship between dry weight and fresh weight of tomato and irrigation water was analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of water stress, water consumption and yield of tomato decreased, water use efficiency increased, and dry matter growth rate increased in flowering and fruit-setting period and fruit-picking period.Under different water stress conditions, the response of tomato to water stress was small at seedling stage, the change range of daily water consumption was 0.2～1.5 mm, the flowering and fruit-setting stage and fruit picking stage were the most sensitive to the degree of water stress, and the change range of daily water consumption was 0.1～5.2 mm.When irrigation water was 270 mm, the yield of tomato could reach 98% of the full irrigation yield, and the water production efficiency could be improved by 9.38%, which could provide a reference for the development of accurate irrigation system.
In order to reasonably guide the application of water-saving irrigation technology for vegetables in coastal facilities and promote the further development of green agriculture, it is very important to study the water consumption law and yield of major vegetable crops under water stress. Five irrigation treatments were used to measure soil moisture content, dry weight and fresh weight of tomatoes. Water consumption was calculated and analyzed by using water balance equation and rising water flux model of the interface under root layer. The relationship between dry weight and fresh weight of tomato and irrigation water was analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of water stress, water consumption and yield of tomato decreased, water use efficiency increased, and dry matter growth rate increased in flowering and fruit-setting period and fruit-picking period.Under different water stress conditions, the response of tomato to water stress was small at seedling stage, the change range of daily water consumption was 0.2～1.5 mm, the flowering and fruit-setting stage and fruit picking stage were the most sensitive to the degree of water stress, and the change range of daily water consumption was 0.1～5.2 mm.When irrigation water was 270 mm, the yield of tomato could reach 98% of the full irrigation yield, and the water production efficiency could be improved by 9.38%, which could provide a reference for the development of accurate irrigation system.
引文
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[9] AA Helaly,Y Goda, ER Asa.Effect of irrigation with different levels of saline water type on husk tomato productivity[J]. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research,2017,6(4):30-38.
[10] 张军,范兴科.番茄根系层土壤水分变化规律及标定方法研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(1):53-58.
[11] AJ Clemmens. Feedback Control of Basin-Irrigation System[J]. Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Engineering,1992,118(3):480-496.
[12] TosioCho,Maaharu Kuroda.Soil moisture Management and Evaluation of Water Saving Irrigationon Farm[C]//Symposium R.2.International Commissionon Irrigation and Drainage,ThirteenCongress.Rabat, 1987:19-40.
[13] 孙书洪,王仰仁,韩娜娜,等.地下水浅埋区土壤缺水条件下植被耗水量模型研究[J].水利水电科技,2008,(7):64-67.
[2] 廉晓娟,王艳,杨军,等.日光温室青花菜耗水规律及水分利用效率的研究[J].节水灌溉,2015,(1):33-35.
[3] 孔德杰,郭生虎,张源沛,等.不同灌水次数对温室黄瓜耗水规律及水分利用效率的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2011,(4):43-46.
[4] 费良军,汪爱科,王龙飞,等.日光温室基质栽培樱桃西红柿滴灌试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(12):1 070-1 076.
[5] 郑志伟,王仰仁.温室膜下滴灌条件下黄瓜需水规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2016,(5):33-36.
[6] 牛高华,孙国兴,贾凤伶.天津设施西红柿成本及效益分析[J].天津农业科学,2011,17(6):126-129.
[7] EF Aslam. Investigating MAD and Fertigation effects on Tomato under Drip Irrigation System inGreenhouse[C]//International Society of Horticultural Sciences.Second International Horticultural Science Conference Proceedings. Pakistan:International Society of Horticultural Sciences,2016,18-20.
[8] BZ Yuan,Y Kang, S Nishiyama.Drip irrigation scheduling for tomatoes in unheated greenhouses[J]. Irrigation Science,2001,20(3):149-154.
[9] AA Helaly,Y Goda, ER Asa.Effect of irrigation with different levels of saline water type on husk tomato productivity[J]. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research,2017,6(4):30-38.
[10] 张军,范兴科.番茄根系层土壤水分变化规律及标定方法研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(1):53-58.
[11] AJ Clemmens. Feedback Control of Basin-Irrigation System[J]. Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Engineering,1992,118(3):480-496.
[12] TosioCho,Maaharu Kuroda.Soil moisture Management and Evaluation of Water Saving Irrigationon Farm[C]//Symposium R.2.International Commissionon Irrigation and Drainage,ThirteenCongress.Rabat, 1987:19-40.
[13] 孙书洪,王仰仁,韩娜娜,等.地下水浅埋区土壤缺水条件下植被耗水量模型研究[J].水利水电科技,2008,(7):64-67.