施肥对‘玉露香梨’不同时期根部和叶片中氮磷钾元素积累的影响
|
摘要
为明确施肥对‘玉露香梨’不同生长发育期N、P和K元素积累的影响效应,以10年生‘玉露香梨’树为研究对象,设置不同氮磷钾肥配比进行试验。结果显示,N、P和K元素含量随梨树生长发育呈下降趋势。氮肥可显著提升‘玉露香梨’萌芽期根部和果实膨大期根部和叶片中N、P和K元素含量,抑制开花期根部N和P元素积累。钾肥可促进其萌芽期和坐果期根部K元素的积累,但萌芽期根部N和P元素、开花期根部K元素的积累被抑制。磷肥抑制其萌芽期根部P和N元素的积累,促进开花期P和N元素及果实膨大期N、P和K元素积累。研究表明,‘玉露香梨’根部和叶片中N、P和K元素的积累受肥料组成和梨树生长周期的影响,施肥中应考虑多因素的交互效应。
To clarify the effects of fertilization on the accumulation of N, P and K in 'Yulu Xiang'pear during different growing stages, 10-year-old 'Yulu Xiang'pear tree was selected as the research object, and experimental groups with different fertilizer ratios of N, P and K were set up. The results found that N, P, and K level showed a downward trend with the growth and development of 'Yulu Xiang'pear trees. N fertilizer increased the level of N, P and K in roots in the germination stage and in roots, leaves in the fruit-expanding stage, and inhibited the accumulation of N and P in roots during the flowering stage. K fertilizer could promote the accumulation of K in roots of in the germination and fruit-setting stage, but down-regulated N and P level in roots in the germination stage, K level in roots in the flowering stage. P fertilizer significantly inhibited the accumulation of P and N in roots in the germination stage, and promoted P and N level in the flowering stage,and N, P and K level in the fruit enlargement stage. The present study suggests that the accumulation of N, P and K in the roots and leaves are affected by the fertilizer composition and growth cycle of 'Yulu Xiang'pear,and interaction effect of different factors should be fully considered in fertilization.
To clarify the effects of fertilization on the accumulation of N, P and K in 'Yulu Xiang'pear during different growing stages, 10-year-old 'Yulu Xiang'pear tree was selected as the research object, and experimental groups with different fertilizer ratios of N, P and K were set up. The results found that N, P, and K level showed a downward trend with the growth and development of 'Yulu Xiang'pear trees. N fertilizer increased the level of N, P and K in roots in the germination stage and in roots, leaves in the fruit-expanding stage, and inhibited the accumulation of N and P in roots during the flowering stage. K fertilizer could promote the accumulation of K in roots of in the germination and fruit-setting stage, but down-regulated N and P level in roots in the germination stage, K level in roots in the flowering stage. P fertilizer significantly inhibited the accumulation of P and N in roots in the germination stage, and promoted P and N level in the flowering stage,and N, P and K level in the fruit enlargement stage. The present study suggests that the accumulation of N, P and K in the roots and leaves are affected by the fertilizer composition and growth cycle of 'Yulu Xiang'pear,and interaction effect of different factors should be fully considered in fertilization.
引文
[1]郭黄萍,郝国伟,张晓伟,等.玉露香梨优质丰产栽培及贮藏保鲜技术[J].河北果树,2011(5):17-18.
[2]Han Jeom-Haw,Cho Jung Gun,Son In-Chang,et al.Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on photosynthesis and fruit characteristics of‘Niitaka’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)[J].Horticulture Environment&Biotechnology,2012,53(5):357-361.
[3]Inigo Auzmendi,Joan Girona,Gerardo Lopez,et al.Daily photosynthetic radiation use efficiency for apple and pear leaves:Seasonal changes and estimation of canopy net carbon exchange rate[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2013,51:1-8.
[4]程芳芳.寡照对大棚草莓的影响[J].农学学报,2016,6(7):90-95.
[5]韩苹苹,牛自勉,林琭,等.果园间伐对玉露香梨光合特性的影响[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(6):737-740.
[6]李超,白世践,赵荣华,等.葡萄砧木及其应用的研究进展[J].农学学报,2016,6(5):53-59.
[7]王灿磊,孙亮,冷平,等.无纺布限根栽培对西瓜根域温度、植株生长和果实品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(3):81-86.
[8]臧小平,周兆禧,林兴娥,等.不同用量有机肥对芒果果实品质及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(1):98-101.
[9]郝国伟,白牡丹,高鹏,等.氮、磷、钾配比施肥对玉露香梨果实品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(1):23-27.
[10]程杰山,蒋爱丽,奚晓军,等.不同施肥量对‘巨玫瑰’葡萄生长和果实品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(25):167-171.
[11]王卓远.基于高光谱的苹果树叶片叶绿素与氮素含量估测[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[12]冀保毅,潘鹏亮,肖荣英,等.氮磷钾硼缺乏对稻茬油菜生长和养分吸收的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(24):78-81.
[13]黄海,吴春胜,胡文河,等.氮素营养水平对大垄双行膜下滴灌玉米花粒期叶片衰老特性及产量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(3):1-7.
[14]王朔林,王改兰,杨艳菊,等.长期施肥对玉米籽粒中植物必需营养元素含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(2):208-212.
[15]郑学博,崔键,马超,等.施肥措施对砂姜黑土小麦生长性状、营养元素累积及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(5):550-555.
[16]钟国民,方克明,龚文亮,等.“山”型配方施肥对水稻生产的影响[J].农学学报,2016,32(10):27-30.
[17]何萍,徐新朋,仇少君,等.我国北方玉米施肥产量效应和经济效益分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1387-1394.
[18]Chen S X,Liang Y,Wang H.Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Haematococcus pluvialis[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2012,42(1):15-19.
[19]Del-Saz N F,Romero-Munar A,Alonso D,et al.Respiratory ATPcost and benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with Nicotiana tabacum at different growth stages and under salinity[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2017,218:243-248.
[20]周亮,荣湘民,谢桂先,等.氮肥种类与施用量对早稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(4):51-54.
[21]李耕.不同保绿类型玉米叶片光合特性与蛋白质组差异及氮素调控[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[22]刘晓真.施肥对四个树种生理指标及木质部栓塞的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008:57-58.
[23]王莉丽,周国逸.两种园林植物断根和剪枝后蒸腾和光合特性的变化研究[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(3):598-605.
[24]刘丽霞,李海波.氮肥水平对不同穗型水稻品种叶片性状的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(6):1111-1113.
[25]卢伟红,张玉星,张建光,等.鸭梨叶片和果实10种营养元素含量周年变化的研究[J].中国果树,2012(6):26-29.
[26]贾兵,衡伟,刘莉,等.砀山酥梨叶片矿质元素含量年变化及其相关性分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(2):212-217.
[2]Han Jeom-Haw,Cho Jung Gun,Son In-Chang,et al.Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on photosynthesis and fruit characteristics of‘Niitaka’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)[J].Horticulture Environment&Biotechnology,2012,53(5):357-361.
[3]Inigo Auzmendi,Joan Girona,Gerardo Lopez,et al.Daily photosynthetic radiation use efficiency for apple and pear leaves:Seasonal changes and estimation of canopy net carbon exchange rate[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2013,51:1-8.
[4]程芳芳.寡照对大棚草莓的影响[J].农学学报,2016,6(7):90-95.
[5]韩苹苹,牛自勉,林琭,等.果园间伐对玉露香梨光合特性的影响[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(6):737-740.
[6]李超,白世践,赵荣华,等.葡萄砧木及其应用的研究进展[J].农学学报,2016,6(5):53-59.
[7]王灿磊,孙亮,冷平,等.无纺布限根栽培对西瓜根域温度、植株生长和果实品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(3):81-86.
[8]臧小平,周兆禧,林兴娥,等.不同用量有机肥对芒果果实品质及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(1):98-101.
[9]郝国伟,白牡丹,高鹏,等.氮、磷、钾配比施肥对玉露香梨果实品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(1):23-27.
[10]程杰山,蒋爱丽,奚晓军,等.不同施肥量对‘巨玫瑰’葡萄生长和果实品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(25):167-171.
[11]王卓远.基于高光谱的苹果树叶片叶绿素与氮素含量估测[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[12]冀保毅,潘鹏亮,肖荣英,等.氮磷钾硼缺乏对稻茬油菜生长和养分吸收的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(24):78-81.
[13]黄海,吴春胜,胡文河,等.氮素营养水平对大垄双行膜下滴灌玉米花粒期叶片衰老特性及产量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(3):1-7.
[14]王朔林,王改兰,杨艳菊,等.长期施肥对玉米籽粒中植物必需营养元素含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(2):208-212.
[15]郑学博,崔键,马超,等.施肥措施对砂姜黑土小麦生长性状、营养元素累积及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(5):550-555.
[16]钟国民,方克明,龚文亮,等.“山”型配方施肥对水稻生产的影响[J].农学学报,2016,32(10):27-30.
[17]何萍,徐新朋,仇少君,等.我国北方玉米施肥产量效应和经济效益分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1387-1394.
[18]Chen S X,Liang Y,Wang H.Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Haematococcus pluvialis[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2012,42(1):15-19.
[19]Del-Saz N F,Romero-Munar A,Alonso D,et al.Respiratory ATPcost and benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with Nicotiana tabacum at different growth stages and under salinity[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2017,218:243-248.
[20]周亮,荣湘民,谢桂先,等.氮肥种类与施用量对早稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(4):51-54.
[21]李耕.不同保绿类型玉米叶片光合特性与蛋白质组差异及氮素调控[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[22]刘晓真.施肥对四个树种生理指标及木质部栓塞的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008:57-58.
[23]王莉丽,周国逸.两种园林植物断根和剪枝后蒸腾和光合特性的变化研究[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(3):598-605.
[24]刘丽霞,李海波.氮肥水平对不同穗型水稻品种叶片性状的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(6):1111-1113.
[25]卢伟红,张玉星,张建光,等.鸭梨叶片和果实10种营养元素含量周年变化的研究[J].中国果树,2012(6):26-29.
[26]贾兵,衡伟,刘莉,等.砀山酥梨叶片矿质元素含量年变化及其相关性分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(2):212-217.