冰菜种子采后处理技术和萌发温度的研究
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摘要
探寻冰菜蒴果的采收期、烘干温度、种子大小及催芽温度,为冰菜的种苗繁育提供技术支持。选用冰菜蒴果和种子为试验材料,研究蒴果不同采收期、蒴果烘干温度、种子大小及催芽温度对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,在冰菜蒴果变为黄色、含水量低于20%时,采收的种子发芽率最高,褐果发芽率次之,青果最差;0.7～0.9 mm大小的种子萌发率最高,为82.3%;对蒴果进行烘干处理发现,40℃烘干5.5 h的蒴果易碾碎脱粒,种子含水量7%以下,种子发芽率89%以上;25℃催芽处理种子萌发率最高,为83%。当冰菜蒴果变为黄色时及时进行采收,然后经过40℃烘干5.5 h后进行碾碎处理,再经0.7～0.9 mm网筛处理后的种子发芽率最高,种子最适催芽温度为25℃。
The purpose is to explore the harvest stage, drying temperature, seed size and germination temperature of capsule of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, and provide technical support for seedling breeding. Using the M. crystallinum capsules and seeds as materials, the effects of different harvest stages,capsule drying temperature, seed size and germination temperature on seed germination were studied. The results showed that the highest germination rate was obtained when the capsule turned to yellow and the water content was below 20%. The germination rate of brown capsule was the second, and that of the green capsule was the worst. The seed germination rate of 0.7-showed that capsule dried at 40℃ for 5.5 h were easy to be crushed and threshed, the seed moisture content was below 7%, and the germination rate of seeds was above 89%. The seed germination rate at 25℃ was the highest, 83%. When the capsule turns yellow, it should be harvested, then dried at 40℃ for 5.5 h, and then treated with a 0.7-0.9 mm mesh sieve. The germination rate of the seeds treated by the above process is the highest. The optimum temperature of seed germination is 25℃.
The purpose is to explore the harvest stage, drying temperature, seed size and germination temperature of capsule of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, and provide technical support for seedling breeding. Using the M. crystallinum capsules and seeds as materials, the effects of different harvest stages,capsule drying temperature, seed size and germination temperature on seed germination were studied. The results showed that the highest germination rate was obtained when the capsule turned to yellow and the water content was below 20%. The germination rate of brown capsule was the second, and that of the green capsule was the worst. The seed germination rate of 0.7-showed that capsule dried at 40℃ for 5.5 h were easy to be crushed and threshed, the seed moisture content was below 7%, and the germination rate of seeds was above 89%. The seed germination rate at 25℃ was the highest, 83%. When the capsule turns yellow, it should be harvested, then dried at 40℃ for 5.5 h, and then treated with a 0.7-0.9 mm mesh sieve. The germination rate of the seeds treated by the above process is the highest. The optimum temperature of seed germination is 25℃.
引文
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[15]李广鲁,王文果,陈志新,等.钙对盐胁迫下冰叶日中花不同器官离子含量和根部K+、Na+吸收的影响[J].植物科学学报,2018,36(2):282-290.
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[19]王梅英,刘文,刘坤,等.青藏高原东缘10种禾本科植物种子萌发的基温和积温[J].草业科学,2011,28(6):983-987.
[20]许美玲,张晨东,李祥,等.阴雨天采收的烟草蒴果干燥处理技术[J].种子,2010,29(10):72-76.
[21]陈新红,张安存,韩正光,等.烘干温度与时间对不同收获期下水稻种子含水量和活力的影响及相关分析[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(6):2331-2338.
[22]卢新雄,张云兰.国家种质库种子干燥处理技术的建立与应用[J].植物遗传资源学报,2003,4(4):365-368.
[23]孙春青,戴忠良,潘跃平,等.成熟度与烘干温度对结球甘蓝种子质量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(3):583-587.
[24]毕新华,戴心维.种子学[M].北京:农业出版社,1993:85-87.
[25]郑光华.种子生理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:706.
[26]孙阎,李鑫鑫,赵立波,等.高山龙胆种子萌发特性研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(31):177-180.
[27]张献英,唐力生,犹昌艳,等.低温对豇豆种子萌发和出苗的影响[J].南方农业学报,2013(11):1785-1790.
[2]徐微风,覃和业,刘姣,等.冰菜在不同浓度海水胁迫下的氧化胁迫和抗氧化酶活性变化[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(4):775-781.
[3]徐恒恒,黎妮,刘树君,等.种子萌发及其调控的研究进展[J].作物学报,2014,40(7):1141-1156.
[4]汪晓峰,景新明,郑光华,等.含水量对种子贮藏寿命的影响[J].植物学报,2001,43(6):551-557.
[5]Haider M S,Barnes J D,Cushman J C,et al.A-CAM and starchdeficient mutant of the facultative CAM species Mesembryanthemum crystallinum reconciles sink demands by repartitioning carbon during acclimation to salinity[J].J Exp Bot,2012,63(5):1985-1999.
[6]Himabindu Y,Chakradhar T,Reddy M C,et al.Salt-tolerant genes from halophytes are potential key players of salt tolerance in glycophytes[J].Environ Exp Bot,2016,124:39-63.
[7]Nishijima Taiga,Furuhashi Megumi,Sakaoka Satomi,et al.Ectopic expression of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum sodium transporter McHKT2 provides salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Bioscience,biotechnology,and biochemistry,2017,81(11):2139-2144.
[8]Dong-Ha Oh,Bronwyn J Barkla,Rosario Vera-Estrella,et al.Cell type-specific responses to salinity-the epidermal bladder cell transcriptome of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum[J].New Phytologist,2015,207(3).627-644.
[9]Giulia Atzori,Arjen C de Vos,Marc van Rijsselberghe,et al.Effects of increased seawater salinity irrigation on growth and quality of the edible halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.under field conditions[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,187:37-46.
[10]祝见华.吴集村蔬菜“新贵”冰菜俏市场[N].菏泽日报,2015-11-23(A1).
[11]张洪磊,刘孟霞.冰菜特征特性及控盐高产栽培技术[J].陕西农业科学,2015(3):122-124.
[12]韩明丽,沈卫新,赵根,等.保健蔬菜冰菜的生物学特性及关键栽培技术[J].湖南农业科学,2018(2):31-33.
[13]李建永.北方地区冰菜温室大棚越冬高效栽培技术[J].北方园艺,2017(7):56-57.
[14]李广鲁,胡增辉,冷平生.冰叶日中花对NaCl胁迫的生理响应[J].北京农学院学报,2015,30(1):64-70.
[15]李广鲁,王文果,陈志新,等.钙对盐胁迫下冰叶日中花不同器官离子含量和根部K+、Na+吸收的影响[J].植物科学学报,2018,36(2):282-290.
[16]荣海燕.不同NaCl浓度胁迫对冰菜种子萌发和组培苗生长的影响[J].天津农业科学,2016,22(12):42-44.
[17]陈志新,李广鲁,胡增辉,等.外源氯化钙对盐胁迫下冰叶日中花种子萌发的影响[A].2017年中国观赏园艺学术研讨会文集[C].2017:645-649.
[18]谢翔,顿子云,刘瑞,等.不同消毒方法及浓度对冰菜种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(6):92-95.
[19]王梅英,刘文,刘坤,等.青藏高原东缘10种禾本科植物种子萌发的基温和积温[J].草业科学,2011,28(6):983-987.
[20]许美玲,张晨东,李祥,等.阴雨天采收的烟草蒴果干燥处理技术[J].种子,2010,29(10):72-76.
[21]陈新红,张安存,韩正光,等.烘干温度与时间对不同收获期下水稻种子含水量和活力的影响及相关分析[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(6):2331-2338.
[22]卢新雄,张云兰.国家种质库种子干燥处理技术的建立与应用[J].植物遗传资源学报,2003,4(4):365-368.
[23]孙春青,戴忠良,潘跃平,等.成熟度与烘干温度对结球甘蓝种子质量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(3):583-587.
[24]毕新华,戴心维.种子学[M].北京:农业出版社,1993:85-87.
[25]郑光华.种子生理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:706.
[26]孙阎,李鑫鑫,赵立波,等.高山龙胆种子萌发特性研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(31):177-180.
[27]张献英,唐力生,犹昌艳,等.低温对豇豆种子萌发和出苗的影响[J].南方农业学报,2013(11):1785-1790.