长白山针阔混交林常见阔叶树种小枝性状之间的权衡关系
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摘要
植物性状对分析其对环境改变的积极响应和适应具有重要作用。通过对长白山针阔混交林常见的杨属、柳属、榆属和槭属树种叶片功能性状、叶片含水量、小枝内各构件生物量关系、比叶面积以及与小枝干重关系的比较,分析了小枝内各性状和关系在不同科属乔木间的差异。结果表明:各科属乔木叶片含水量为榆属>柳属>槭属>杨属;比叶面积为槭属>榆属>杨属>柳属;叶片与叶柄干重、叶与小枝干重之间差异均极显著;除杨属外,其他三属乔木的小枝干重与比叶面积之间均具有极显著负相关关系。对于长白山区阔叶木本群落而言,科属水平上新生小枝和叶片的功能性状及其关系的研究既明确了相似生态条件下各科属的生长优势,也为长白山林区的育林护林提供了理论依据。
Plant traits play an important role in analysing their positive response to the adaptation to environmental changes. According to the comparison of leaf functional traits(leaf water content, biomass relationship between different components in shoots, specific leaf area and dry weight of branchlets) in common mixed cultivars of Populus, Salix, Ulmus and Acer in Changbai Mountain, the differences in traits and relationships among the branches of different genus are analysed. The results show that the leaf water content of different families and genera is Ulmus>Salix>Acer>Poplar. The specific leaf area is Acer>Ulmus>Poplar>Salix. There is significant difference between leaf and petiole dry weight, leaf and branch dry weight among different families and genera. Except for the Poplar, the relationship between the dry weight and the specific leaf area is significantly negative correlated. For the broad-leaved woody community in the Changbai Mountain, the study on the functional traits and their relationship between the new shoots and leaves at the level of the genus not only can ascertain the growth advantages of the genus under similar ecological conditions, but also provids theoretical basis to protect the Changbai Mountain forest.
Plant traits play an important role in analysing their positive response to the adaptation to environmental changes. According to the comparison of leaf functional traits(leaf water content, biomass relationship between different components in shoots, specific leaf area and dry weight of branchlets) in common mixed cultivars of Populus, Salix, Ulmus and Acer in Changbai Mountain, the differences in traits and relationships among the branches of different genus are analysed. The results show that the leaf water content of different families and genera is Ulmus>Salix>Acer>Poplar. The specific leaf area is Acer>Ulmus>Poplar>Salix. There is significant difference between leaf and petiole dry weight, leaf and branch dry weight among different families and genera. Except for the Poplar, the relationship between the dry weight and the specific leaf area is significantly negative correlated. For the broad-leaved woody community in the Changbai Mountain, the study on the functional traits and their relationship between the new shoots and leaves at the level of the genus not only can ascertain the growth advantages of the genus under similar ecological conditions, but also provids theoretical basis to protect the Changbai Mountain forest.
引文
[1]Wright I J,Reich P B,Westoby M,et al.Strategy shift in leaf physiology,structure and nutrient content between species of high-and-low rain fall and high-and-low nutrient habitats[J].Functional Ecology,2004(4):423-424.
[2]杨冬梅.贡嘎山植物小枝功能性状在不同生活型和不同海拔间的比较研究[D].成都:中国科学院成都生物研究所,2009.
[3]Wright S J,Muller-Landau H C,Condit R,et al.Gap-dependent recruitment,realized vital rates,and size distribution of tropical trees[J].Ecology,2003(84):3174-3185.
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[5]Vendramini F,Díaz S,Gurvich D E,et al.Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species[J].New Phytologist,2002(1):147-157.
[6]Roche P,Daz-Burlinson N,Gachet S.Congruency analysis of species ranking based on leaf traits:which traits are the more reliable[J].Plant Ecology,2004(1):37-48.
[7]Ackerly D D,Knight C A,Weiss S B,et al.Leaf size,specific leaf area and microhabitat distribution of chaparral plants:contrasting patterns in species level and community level analyses[J].Oecologla,2002(3):449-457.
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[9]Díaz S,Cabido M.Vive la difference:plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2001(16):646-655.
[10]祝介东,孟婷婷,倪健,等.不同气候带间成熟林植物叶性状间异速生长关系随功能型的变异[J].植物生态学报,2011(7):687-698.
[11]胡耀升,么旭阳,刘艳红.长白山森林不同演替阶段比叶面积及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2015(5):1480-1487.
[12]徐倩,杨济达,张志明,等.不同海拔车桑子叶片功能性状的比较[J].西部林业科学,2017(1):65-69,78.
[13]张卫华,张方秋,张守攻,等.3种相思幼苗抗旱性研究[J].林业科学研究,2005(6):695-700.
[14]李明财,朱教君,孙一荣.东北次生林主要树种比叶面积对光照强度的响应[J].生态学杂志,2009(8):1437-1442.
[15]Reich P B,Walters M B,Ellsworth D S,et al.Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen,specific leaf area and leaf life-span:A test across biomes and functional groups[J].Oecologia,1998(114):471-482.
[16]Garnier E,Laurent G,Bellmann A,et al.Consistency of species ranking based on functional leaf traits[J].New Phytologist,2000(152):69-83.
[17]Westoby M,Falster D S,Moles A T,et al.Plant ecological strategies:Some leading dimensions of variation between species[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,2002(33):125-159.
[18]Poorter L,Bongers F.Leaf traits are good predictors of plant performance across 53 rainforest species[J].Ecology,2006(87):1733-1743.
[19]Bonsall M B,Jansen V A,Hassell M P.Life history trade-offs assemble ecological guilds[J].American Association for the Advancement of Science,2004(306):111-114.
[20]White J D,Scott N A.Specific leaf area and nitrogen distribution in New Zealand forests:Species independently respond to intercepted light[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006(226):319-329.
[21]Pearcy R W,Yang W.The functional morphology of light capture and carbon gain in the Redwood forest understorey plant Adenocaulon bicolor Hook[J].Functional Ecology,1998(12):543-552.
[22]Niklas K J.A mechanical perspective on foliage leaf form and function[J].New Phytologist,1999(143):19-31.
[23]祝介东,孟婷婷,倪健,等.不同气候带间成熟林植物叶性状间异速生长关系随功能型的变异[J].植物生态学报,2011(35):687-698.
[24]Niinemets ü,Portsmuth A,Tobias M.Leaf size modifies support biomass distribution among stems,petioles and mid-ribs in temperate plants[J].New Phytologist,2006(171):91-104.
[25]Li G Y,Yang D M,Sun S C.Allometric relationships between lamina area,lamina mass and petiole mass of 93 temperate woody species vary with leaf habit,leaf form and altitude[J].Functional Ecology,2008(22):557-564.
[26]杨冬梅,章佳佳,周丹,等.木本植物茎叶功能性状及其关系随环境变化的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2012(31):702-713.
[27]Givnish T J,Vermeij G J.Sizes and shapes of liane leaves[J].The American Naturalist,1976(110):743-778.
[28]Poorter H S,Pepin S,Rijkers T,et al.Construction costs,chemical composition and payback time of high-and-low-irradiance leaves[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2006(57):355-371.
[29]Fonseca C R,Overton J M C,Collins B,et al.Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients[J].Journal of Ecology,2000(88):964-977.
[30]Westoby M,Falster D S,Moles A T,et al.Plant ecological strategies:some leading dimensions of variation between species[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,2002(33):125-159.
[31]Wright I J,Westoby M,Reich P B.Convergence towards higher leaf mass per area in dry and nutrient-poor habitats has different consequences for leaf life span[J].Journal of Ecology,2002(90):534-543.
[32]Sun S C,Jin D M,Shi P L.The leaf size-twig size spectrum of temperate woody species along an altitudinal gradient:an invariant allometric scaling relationship[J].Annals of Botany,2006(97):97-107.
[2]杨冬梅.贡嘎山植物小枝功能性状在不同生活型和不同海拔间的比较研究[D].成都:中国科学院成都生物研究所,2009.
[3]Wright S J,Muller-Landau H C,Condit R,et al.Gap-dependent recruitment,realized vital rates,and size distribution of tropical trees[J].Ecology,2003(84):3174-3185.
[4]张林,罗天祥.植物叶寿命及其相关叶性状的生态学研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2004(6):844-852.
[5]Vendramini F,Díaz S,Gurvich D E,et al.Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species[J].New Phytologist,2002(1):147-157.
[6]Roche P,Daz-Burlinson N,Gachet S.Congruency analysis of species ranking based on leaf traits:which traits are the more reliable[J].Plant Ecology,2004(1):37-48.
[7]Ackerly D D,Knight C A,Weiss S B,et al.Leaf size,specific leaf area and microhabitat distribution of chaparral plants:contrasting patterns in species level and community level analyses[J].Oecologla,2002(3):449-457.
[8]郭庆学,柴捷,钱凤,等.不同木本植物功能型当年生小枝功能性状差异[J].生态学杂志,2013(6):1465-1470.
[9]Díaz S,Cabido M.Vive la difference:plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2001(16):646-655.
[10]祝介东,孟婷婷,倪健,等.不同气候带间成熟林植物叶性状间异速生长关系随功能型的变异[J].植物生态学报,2011(7):687-698.
[11]胡耀升,么旭阳,刘艳红.长白山森林不同演替阶段比叶面积及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2015(5):1480-1487.
[12]徐倩,杨济达,张志明,等.不同海拔车桑子叶片功能性状的比较[J].西部林业科学,2017(1):65-69,78.
[13]张卫华,张方秋,张守攻,等.3种相思幼苗抗旱性研究[J].林业科学研究,2005(6):695-700.
[14]李明财,朱教君,孙一荣.东北次生林主要树种比叶面积对光照强度的响应[J].生态学杂志,2009(8):1437-1442.
[15]Reich P B,Walters M B,Ellsworth D S,et al.Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen,specific leaf area and leaf life-span:A test across biomes and functional groups[J].Oecologia,1998(114):471-482.
[16]Garnier E,Laurent G,Bellmann A,et al.Consistency of species ranking based on functional leaf traits[J].New Phytologist,2000(152):69-83.
[17]Westoby M,Falster D S,Moles A T,et al.Plant ecological strategies:Some leading dimensions of variation between species[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,2002(33):125-159.
[18]Poorter L,Bongers F.Leaf traits are good predictors of plant performance across 53 rainforest species[J].Ecology,2006(87):1733-1743.
[19]Bonsall M B,Jansen V A,Hassell M P.Life history trade-offs assemble ecological guilds[J].American Association for the Advancement of Science,2004(306):111-114.
[20]White J D,Scott N A.Specific leaf area and nitrogen distribution in New Zealand forests:Species independently respond to intercepted light[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006(226):319-329.
[21]Pearcy R W,Yang W.The functional morphology of light capture and carbon gain in the Redwood forest understorey plant Adenocaulon bicolor Hook[J].Functional Ecology,1998(12):543-552.
[22]Niklas K J.A mechanical perspective on foliage leaf form and function[J].New Phytologist,1999(143):19-31.
[23]祝介东,孟婷婷,倪健,等.不同气候带间成熟林植物叶性状间异速生长关系随功能型的变异[J].植物生态学报,2011(35):687-698.
[24]Niinemets ü,Portsmuth A,Tobias M.Leaf size modifies support biomass distribution among stems,petioles and mid-ribs in temperate plants[J].New Phytologist,2006(171):91-104.
[25]Li G Y,Yang D M,Sun S C.Allometric relationships between lamina area,lamina mass and petiole mass of 93 temperate woody species vary with leaf habit,leaf form and altitude[J].Functional Ecology,2008(22):557-564.
[26]杨冬梅,章佳佳,周丹,等.木本植物茎叶功能性状及其关系随环境变化的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2012(31):702-713.
[27]Givnish T J,Vermeij G J.Sizes and shapes of liane leaves[J].The American Naturalist,1976(110):743-778.
[28]Poorter H S,Pepin S,Rijkers T,et al.Construction costs,chemical composition and payback time of high-and-low-irradiance leaves[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2006(57):355-371.
[29]Fonseca C R,Overton J M C,Collins B,et al.Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients[J].Journal of Ecology,2000(88):964-977.
[30]Westoby M,Falster D S,Moles A T,et al.Plant ecological strategies:some leading dimensions of variation between species[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,2002(33):125-159.
[31]Wright I J,Westoby M,Reich P B.Convergence towards higher leaf mass per area in dry and nutrient-poor habitats has different consequences for leaf life span[J].Journal of Ecology,2002(90):534-543.
[32]Sun S C,Jin D M,Shi P L.The leaf size-twig size spectrum of temperate woody species along an altitudinal gradient:an invariant allometric scaling relationship[J].Annals of Botany,2006(97):97-107.