逆时偏移技术在河间潜山内幕成像中的应用
|
摘要
随着油气田勘探开发进入以深层隐蔽型油气藏为主的阶段,古潜山油气藏成为勘探开发的主要目标之一。河间潜山内幕地层埋藏较深,内幕构造复杂,地震资料信噪比低,给潜山内幕精确成像和构造展布特征的落实带来了极大困难。介绍了基于双程波动方程的逆时偏移的基本原理,主要包括高阶有限差分波场外推算法和完全匹配层吸收边界条件两个方面。在分析河间潜山内幕特征的基础上,使用逆时偏移和传统叠前深度偏移对模型数据和实际资料进行了处理,结果表明逆时偏移能够对河间潜山内幕进行准确成像,其成像效果好于传统方法。
As the exploration and development spread to deep subtle reservoirs, the palaeo buried-hill reservoir becomes one of the major targets. The Hejian buried-hill inside is characterized by large depth, complicated structures and low S/N ratio, which brings about great challenges to the precise imaging and structure confirmation of the buried-hill inside. This paper presented the basic principle of reversetime migration based on the two-way wave equation, including higher-order finite difference wave field extrapolation algorithm and perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions. After the characteristics of the Hejian buried-hill inside were analyzed, the reverse-time migration and traditional pre-stack depth migration were used to process the model data and actual data. The results show that the reverse-time migration can realize precise imaging of the Hejian buried-hill inside, with better performance than the traditional method.
As the exploration and development spread to deep subtle reservoirs, the palaeo buried-hill reservoir becomes one of the major targets. The Hejian buried-hill inside is characterized by large depth, complicated structures and low S/N ratio, which brings about great challenges to the precise imaging and structure confirmation of the buried-hill inside. This paper presented the basic principle of reversetime migration based on the two-way wave equation, including higher-order finite difference wave field extrapolation algorithm and perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions. After the characteristics of the Hejian buried-hill inside were analyzed, the reverse-time migration and traditional pre-stack depth migration were used to process the model data and actual data. The results show that the reverse-time migration can realize precise imaging of the Hejian buried-hill inside, with better performance than the traditional method.
引文
[1]赵贤正,田福清,王权,范炳达,董雄英,赵淑芳,等.老区富油凹陷“五精一创”勘探实践与启示[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(6):1-8.Zhao Xianzheng,Tian Fuqing,Wang Quan,Fan Bingda,Dong Xiongying,Zhao Shufang,et al.Application and performance of delicate and innovative exploration practices in oil-rich sags of matured areas[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(6):1-8.
[2]吴伟涛,高先志,李理,张东伟,刘宝.渤海湾盆地大型潜山油气藏形成的有利因素[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(2):22-26.Wu Weitao,Gao Xianzhi,Li Li,Zhang Dongwei,Liu Bao.Favorable conditions formed in large-scale buried-hill reservoir in Bohai Bay Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(2):22-26.
[3]崔永谦,王永刚,杜维良,白博,王红.任丘潜山内幕特征描述及储层预测研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(3):280-286.Cui Yongqian,Wang Yonggang,Du Weiliang,Bai Bo,Wang Hong.Interior characteristics description and reservoir prediction of Renqiu buried hill[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(3):280-286.
[4]高厚强,徐颖,邵文潮,穆洁,蒋波,陈哲.逆时偏移技术在碳酸盐岩缝洞体成像中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):99-105.Gao Houqiang,Xu Ying,Shao Wenchao,Mu Jie,Jiang Bo,Chen Zhe.Application of reverse-time migration technology in imaging of fractures and cavities in carbonate reservoirs[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):99-105.
[5]Whitemore N D.Iterative depth migration by back-ward time propagation[C].Expanded Abstracts of 53rd SEG Annual International Meeting,1983:382-384.
[6]Levin S A.Principles of reverse time migration[J].Geophysics,1984,49(5):581-583.
[7]Chang W F,Mc Mechan G A.3D elastic prestack reverse-time depth migration[J].Geophysics,1994,59(4):597-609.
[8]Causse E,Ursin B.Viscoacoustic reverse-time migration[J].Journal of Seimic Exploration,2000,9(1):165-184.
[9]Huang T,Zhang Y,Zhang H Z,Yong J.Subsalt imaging using TTI reverse time migration[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(4):448-452.
[10]方修政,石颖,柯璇,高新成,井洪涛.VTI介质高精度叠前逆时偏移方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1677-1684.Fang Xiuzheng,Shi Ying,Ke Xuan,Gao Xincheng,Jing Hongtao.Investigation on high-accuracy pre-stack reversetime migration for VTI medium[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1677-1684.
[11]杜启振,秦童.横向各向同性介质弹性波多分量叠前逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):801-807.Du Qizhen,Qin Tong.Multicomponent prestack reverse-time migration of elastic waves in transverse isotropic medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(3):801-807.
[12]Wu W,Lines L R,Lu H.Analysis of higher-order,finite-difference schemes in 3D reverse-time migration[J].Geophysics,1996,61(3):845-856.
[13]Yue Wang.Reverse-time migration by a variable time-step and space-grid method[C].Expanded Abstracts of 70th SEG Annual International Meeting,2000:798-801.
[14]方刚,Fomel Sergey,杜启振.交错网格Lowrank有限差分及其在逆时偏移中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报,2014,38(2):44-51.Fang Gang,Fomel Sergey,Du Qizhen.Lowrank finite difference on a staggered grid and its application on reverse time migration[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2014,38(2):44-51.
[15]Micikevicius P.3D finite difference computation on GPUs using CUDA[C].Expanded Abstracts of 2nd Workshop on general purpose processing on Graphics processing units,2009:79-84.
[16]Foltinek D,Eation D,Mahovsky J,Moghaddam P,Mcgarrg R.Industrial-scale reverse time migration on GPU hardware[C].Expanded Abstracts of 80th SEG Annual International Meeting,2010:2789-2793.
[17]张慧,蔡其新,秦广胜,高爱荣,林玉英.GPU并行加速的多步逆时偏移在东濮前梨园地区的应用[J].物探与化探,2015,39(1):161-165.Zhang Hui,Cai Qixin,Qin Guangsheng,Gao Airong,Lin Yuying.The application of GPU accelerated multi-step reverse time migration to Qianliyuan area in Dongpu[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2015,39(1):161-165.
[18]刘定进,杨勤勇,方伍宝,孔祥宁,张慧宇.叠前逆时深度偏移成像的实现与应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(6):545-549.Liu Dingjin,Yang Qinyong,Fang Wubao,Kong Xiangning,Zhang Huiyu.Realization and practices of prestack reverse-time depth migration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(6):545-549.
[19]杨江峰,刘定进,朱文斌,关达,胡中平,王汝珍,等.逆时偏移技术在碳酸盐岩缝—洞储层成像中应用[J].高校地质学报,2014,20(2):303-308.Yang Jiangfeng,Liu Dingjin,Zhu Wenbin,Guan Da,Hu Zhong Ping,Wang Ruzhen,et al.Technique and application of reverse time migration of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2014,20(2):303-308.
[20]王维红,柯璇,郭雪豹,张莹莹,余鹏.基于Qt的Walkaway VSP逆时偏移软件开发研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(4),452-458.Wang Weihong,Ke Xuan,Guo Xuebao,Zhang Yingying,Yu Peng.Qt based software development of reverse time migration for walkaway VSP seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(4):452-458.
[21]陈可洋.地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159.Chen Keyang.Review of seismic reverse time migration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2010,33(3):153-159.
[2]吴伟涛,高先志,李理,张东伟,刘宝.渤海湾盆地大型潜山油气藏形成的有利因素[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(2):22-26.Wu Weitao,Gao Xianzhi,Li Li,Zhang Dongwei,Liu Bao.Favorable conditions formed in large-scale buried-hill reservoir in Bohai Bay Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(2):22-26.
[3]崔永谦,王永刚,杜维良,白博,王红.任丘潜山内幕特征描述及储层预测研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(3):280-286.Cui Yongqian,Wang Yonggang,Du Weiliang,Bai Bo,Wang Hong.Interior characteristics description and reservoir prediction of Renqiu buried hill[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(3):280-286.
[4]高厚强,徐颖,邵文潮,穆洁,蒋波,陈哲.逆时偏移技术在碳酸盐岩缝洞体成像中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(1):99-105.Gao Houqiang,Xu Ying,Shao Wenchao,Mu Jie,Jiang Bo,Chen Zhe.Application of reverse-time migration technology in imaging of fractures and cavities in carbonate reservoirs[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(1):99-105.
[5]Whitemore N D.Iterative depth migration by back-ward time propagation[C].Expanded Abstracts of 53rd SEG Annual International Meeting,1983:382-384.
[6]Levin S A.Principles of reverse time migration[J].Geophysics,1984,49(5):581-583.
[7]Chang W F,Mc Mechan G A.3D elastic prestack reverse-time depth migration[J].Geophysics,1994,59(4):597-609.
[8]Causse E,Ursin B.Viscoacoustic reverse-time migration[J].Journal of Seimic Exploration,2000,9(1):165-184.
[9]Huang T,Zhang Y,Zhang H Z,Yong J.Subsalt imaging using TTI reverse time migration[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(4):448-452.
[10]方修政,石颖,柯璇,高新成,井洪涛.VTI介质高精度叠前逆时偏移方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1677-1684.Fang Xiuzheng,Shi Ying,Ke Xuan,Gao Xincheng,Jing Hongtao.Investigation on high-accuracy pre-stack reversetime migration for VTI medium[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1677-1684.
[11]杜启振,秦童.横向各向同性介质弹性波多分量叠前逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):801-807.Du Qizhen,Qin Tong.Multicomponent prestack reverse-time migration of elastic waves in transverse isotropic medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(3):801-807.
[12]Wu W,Lines L R,Lu H.Analysis of higher-order,finite-difference schemes in 3D reverse-time migration[J].Geophysics,1996,61(3):845-856.
[13]Yue Wang.Reverse-time migration by a variable time-step and space-grid method[C].Expanded Abstracts of 70th SEG Annual International Meeting,2000:798-801.
[14]方刚,Fomel Sergey,杜启振.交错网格Lowrank有限差分及其在逆时偏移中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报,2014,38(2):44-51.Fang Gang,Fomel Sergey,Du Qizhen.Lowrank finite difference on a staggered grid and its application on reverse time migration[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2014,38(2):44-51.
[15]Micikevicius P.3D finite difference computation on GPUs using CUDA[C].Expanded Abstracts of 2nd Workshop on general purpose processing on Graphics processing units,2009:79-84.
[16]Foltinek D,Eation D,Mahovsky J,Moghaddam P,Mcgarrg R.Industrial-scale reverse time migration on GPU hardware[C].Expanded Abstracts of 80th SEG Annual International Meeting,2010:2789-2793.
[17]张慧,蔡其新,秦广胜,高爱荣,林玉英.GPU并行加速的多步逆时偏移在东濮前梨园地区的应用[J].物探与化探,2015,39(1):161-165.Zhang Hui,Cai Qixin,Qin Guangsheng,Gao Airong,Lin Yuying.The application of GPU accelerated multi-step reverse time migration to Qianliyuan area in Dongpu[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2015,39(1):161-165.
[18]刘定进,杨勤勇,方伍宝,孔祥宁,张慧宇.叠前逆时深度偏移成像的实现与应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(6):545-549.Liu Dingjin,Yang Qinyong,Fang Wubao,Kong Xiangning,Zhang Huiyu.Realization and practices of prestack reverse-time depth migration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(6):545-549.
[19]杨江峰,刘定进,朱文斌,关达,胡中平,王汝珍,等.逆时偏移技术在碳酸盐岩缝—洞储层成像中应用[J].高校地质学报,2014,20(2):303-308.Yang Jiangfeng,Liu Dingjin,Zhu Wenbin,Guan Da,Hu Zhong Ping,Wang Ruzhen,et al.Technique and application of reverse time migration of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2014,20(2):303-308.
[20]王维红,柯璇,郭雪豹,张莹莹,余鹏.基于Qt的Walkaway VSP逆时偏移软件开发研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(4),452-458.Wang Weihong,Ke Xuan,Guo Xuebao,Zhang Yingying,Yu Peng.Qt based software development of reverse time migration for walkaway VSP seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(4):452-458.
[21]陈可洋.地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159.Chen Keyang.Review of seismic reverse time migration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2010,33(3):153-159.