基于地质构造约束的3D速度建模方法在琼东南盆地深水复杂断块区域成像中的应用
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摘要
南海琼东南盆地陵A油田由于中深层发育复杂断块以及纵横向地层速度变化剧烈,导致该地区资料信噪比低、难以建立精确的速度模型,以致地震成像结果不可靠。解决该问题的关键是通过精细速度建模以提高叠前深度偏移成像精度。为此,采用一种基于地质构造约束的高精度3D速度建模方法,在层析成像速度基础上引入断层和层位解释数据,对层析反演速度进行控制,设计了新的速度模型更新策略。所形成的地质构造导向速度建模流程提高了断块区域3D速度场精度,进而提高叠前深度偏移的剖面质量,为精细层位解释和断块构造的落实提供了优势的基础资料。
The Qiongdongnan basin LING A in the South China Sea is a complex fault block oil and gas field,which is characterized by complicated fault block in deep strata and great changes in vertical and horizontal velocity as well as low S/R.All of these factors lead to an unreliable imaging results.This situation seriously restrict the residual oil exploration.The key to solve this problem is to improve the accuracy of PSDM imaging with high precision velocity modeling.This paper presents a high precision 3 D velocity modeling method based on geological constraint.On the basis of tomographic velocity modeling,the horizon and fault interpretation are used to constrain tomography inversion.This method designs a new strategy to update the velocity model,and improves the construction of initial model.The 3 D velocity field is improved by new workflow,and the quality of profile of PSDM imaging is also enhanced.The results obtained by the authors confirm that the new velocity modeling method can provide the basic data for the interpretation of fine horizon and implementation of fault block.
The Qiongdongnan basin LING A in the South China Sea is a complex fault block oil and gas field,which is characterized by complicated fault block in deep strata and great changes in vertical and horizontal velocity as well as low S/R.All of these factors lead to an unreliable imaging results.This situation seriously restrict the residual oil exploration.The key to solve this problem is to improve the accuracy of PSDM imaging with high precision velocity modeling.This paper presents a high precision 3 D velocity modeling method based on geological constraint.On the basis of tomographic velocity modeling,the horizon and fault interpretation are used to constrain tomography inversion.This method designs a new strategy to update the velocity model,and improves the construction of initial model.The 3 D velocity field is improved by new workflow,and the quality of profile of PSDM imaging is also enhanced.The results obtained by the authors confirm that the new velocity modeling method can provide the basic data for the interpretation of fine horizon and implementation of fault block.
引文
[1]陈新荣.叠前时间偏移成像质量影响因素探讨[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(3):40-44.
[2]屈智华,叶秋焱,刘旺.中国西部复杂地区地震资料处理[J].物探与化探,2000,24(1):43-50.
[3]Birdus S.Removing fault shadow distortions by fault constrained tomography[J].Expanded Abstracts of the 77thAnnual SEG Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2007:3039-3043.
[4]李燕.盐丘构造成像速度建模及逆时偏移关键参数优选[J].物探与化探,2015,39(3):537-544.
[5]司卫,万城程,马锐,等.网格层析成像技术在桂中坳陷的应用研究[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(2):94-97.
[6]白雪,李振春,张凯,等.基于井数据约束的高精度层析速度反演[J].物探与化探,2015,39(4):805-811.
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[10]陈飞旭,李振春,张凯,等.基于波动方程偏移的宽方位三维角道集提取[J].物探与化探,2015,39(4):797-804.
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[12]邵荣峰,方伍宝,蔡杰雄,等.高斯束层析偏移速度建模方法及应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):91-99.
[13]Michelena R J,Harris J M.Tomographic traveltime inversion using natural pixels[J].Geophysics,1991,56(5):635-644.
[14]Vasco D W,Peterson J E,Majer E L.Beyond ray tomography:wavepaths and Fresnel volumes[J].Geophysics,1995,60(6):1790-1804.
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[16]Semtchenok N M,Popov M M,Verdel A R.Gaussian beam tomography[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71stEAGE Conference&Exhibition,2009:U032.
[17]倪瑶,杨锴,陈宝书.立体层析反演方法理论分析与应用测试[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):430-436.
[18]Ni Y,Yang K.Slope tomography assisted by finite-frequency sensitivity kernel[J].Expanded Abstracts of the 82ndAnnual SEG Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2012,314-322.
[19]李振伟,杨锴,倪瑶,等.基于立体层析反演的偏移速度建模应用研究[J].石油物探,2014,53(4):444-452.
[20]陈新荣.叠前时间偏移成像质量影响因素探讨[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(3):40-44.
[21]李振春,姚云霞,马在田.波动方程法共成像点道集偏移速度建模[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):86-93.
[22]胡小波,司卫,赵薇,等.深度域速度建模技术在南阳凹陷的应用研究[J].石油地质与工程,2015,29(2):77-79.
[23]李慧,成德安,金婧.网格层析成像速度建模方法与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(s1):12-16.
[24]王锡文,秦广胜,刘向东,等.叠前偏移技术在中原复杂断块区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1092-1098.
[25]王华忠,冯波,刘少勇,等.叠前地震数据特征波场分解、偏移成像与层析反演[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2024-2034.
[26]黄元溢,罗仁泽,王进海,等.几种叠前深度偏移技术效果的对比[J].物探与化探,2011,35(5):798-803.
[2]屈智华,叶秋焱,刘旺.中国西部复杂地区地震资料处理[J].物探与化探,2000,24(1):43-50.
[3]Birdus S.Removing fault shadow distortions by fault constrained tomography[J].Expanded Abstracts of the 77thAnnual SEG Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2007:3039-3043.
[4]李燕.盐丘构造成像速度建模及逆时偏移关键参数优选[J].物探与化探,2015,39(3):537-544.
[5]司卫,万城程,马锐,等.网格层析成像技术在桂中坳陷的应用研究[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(2):94-97.
[6]白雪,李振春,张凯,等.基于井数据约束的高精度层析速度反演[J].物探与化探,2015,39(4):805-811.
[7]Luo Y,Schuster G T.Wave-equation traveltime inversion[J].Geophysics,1991,56(5):645-653.
[8]Woodward M J.Wave-equation tomography[J].Geophysics,1992,57(1):15-26.
[9]Zhang K,Yin Z,Li Z C,et al.Wave equation tomographic velocity inversion method based on the Born/Rytov approximation[J].Applied Geophysics,2013(3):314-322.
[10]陈飞旭,李振春,张凯,等.基于波动方程偏移的宽方位三维角道集提取[J].物探与化探,2015,39(4):797-804.
[11]叶景艳,姚亚琳,王燕群,等.偏移深度分析与偏移成像[J].物探与化探,2009,33(6):674-677.
[12]邵荣峰,方伍宝,蔡杰雄,等.高斯束层析偏移速度建模方法及应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):91-99.
[13]Michelena R J,Harris J M.Tomographic traveltime inversion using natural pixels[J].Geophysics,1991,56(5):635-644.
[14]Vasco D W,Peterson J E,Majer E L.Beyond ray tomography:wavepaths and Fresnel volumes[J].Geophysics,1995,60(6):1790-1804.
[15]Popov M M,Semtchenok N M,Verdel A R,et al.Reverse time migration with Gaussian beams and velocity analysis applications[J].Expanded Abstracts of 70thEAGE Conference&Exhibition,2008:F048.
[16]Semtchenok N M,Popov M M,Verdel A R.Gaussian beam tomography[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71stEAGE Conference&Exhibition,2009:U032.
[17]倪瑶,杨锴,陈宝书.立体层析反演方法理论分析与应用测试[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):430-436.
[18]Ni Y,Yang K.Slope tomography assisted by finite-frequency sensitivity kernel[J].Expanded Abstracts of the 82ndAnnual SEG Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2012,314-322.
[19]李振伟,杨锴,倪瑶,等.基于立体层析反演的偏移速度建模应用研究[J].石油物探,2014,53(4):444-452.
[20]陈新荣.叠前时间偏移成像质量影响因素探讨[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(3):40-44.
[21]李振春,姚云霞,马在田.波动方程法共成像点道集偏移速度建模[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):86-93.
[22]胡小波,司卫,赵薇,等.深度域速度建模技术在南阳凹陷的应用研究[J].石油地质与工程,2015,29(2):77-79.
[23]李慧,成德安,金婧.网格层析成像速度建模方法与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(s1):12-16.
[24]王锡文,秦广胜,刘向东,等.叠前偏移技术在中原复杂断块区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1092-1098.
[25]王华忠,冯波,刘少勇,等.叠前地震数据特征波场分解、偏移成像与层析反演[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2024-2034.
[26]黄元溢,罗仁泽,王进海,等.几种叠前深度偏移技术效果的对比[J].物探与化探,2011,35(5):798-803.