地表过渡带近地表Q补偿与地表一致性反褶积处理效果对比研究
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摘要
近地表吸收衰减严重,会引起地震子波的空间变化,地表一致性反褶积和近地表Q补偿是解决这一问题的关键技术。首先描述了基于质心频移的近地表Q计算方法及稳健的Q补偿方法;其次从假设条件、应用范围、受噪声的影响程度以及算子的稳定性等方面对比了近地表Q补偿和地表一致性反褶积的效果。对叠前粘弹波动方程正演模型数据和某近地表由沙漠区向公益林区过渡的三维地震资料,分别利用反褶积地表一致性反褶积和近地表Q补偿技术进行了处理和分析,得出结论:在近地表岩性变化剧烈的区域,激发和接收岩性对地震子波的影响起主要作用时,应使用地表一致性反褶积处理技术;在地表吸收起主要作用的沙漠区,应使用近地表Q补偿技术。
Severe absorption attenuation in the near-surface can cause spatial variations in seismic wavelets.Surface-consistent deconvolution and Qcompensation are the main techniques used to solve these problems.First,the robust Q compensation method and the centroid frequency downshift-based near-surface Qcalculation are described.Second,near-surface Qcompensation and surface-consistent deconvolution are compared based on the hypothetical condition,scope of application,effect of noise,and stability of operators.In this study,comparison tests were conducted on synthetic prestack data from viscoelastic equation forward modeling and 3 Dseismic data in the transition zone,where the near-surface varies from a desert environment to public trees.The results show that surface-consistent deconvolution is preferred in the survey where near-surface lithology changes rapidly and the spatial variation of seismic wavelets is primarily caused by the lithological diversity in shots and receiver locations.Near-surface Q compensation is preferred in the desert survey where the near-surface absorption is severe.
Severe absorption attenuation in the near-surface can cause spatial variations in seismic wavelets.Surface-consistent deconvolution and Qcompensation are the main techniques used to solve these problems.First,the robust Q compensation method and the centroid frequency downshift-based near-surface Qcalculation are described.Second,near-surface Qcompensation and surface-consistent deconvolution are compared based on the hypothetical condition,scope of application,effect of noise,and stability of operators.In this study,comparison tests were conducted on synthetic prestack data from viscoelastic equation forward modeling and 3 Dseismic data in the transition zone,where the near-surface varies from a desert environment to public trees.The results show that surface-consistent deconvolution is preferred in the survey where near-surface lithology changes rapidly and the spatial variation of seismic wavelets is primarily caused by the lithological diversity in shots and receiver locations.Near-surface Q compensation is preferred in the desert survey where the near-surface absorption is severe.
引文
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[19]张文,周志才,于承业.一种改进的近地表强吸收补偿方法研究[J].石油物探,2017,56(2):210-215ZHANG W,ZHOU Z C,YU C Y.An improved compensation method for near surface strong absorption[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(2):210-215
[2]宋智强,刘斌,陈吴金,等.沙漠区表层Q值求取及补偿方法研究[J].油气藏评价与开发,2013,3(4):8-11SONG Z Q,LIU B,CHEN W J,et al.Research on calculation and compensation methods of Q value in esert area surface[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2013,3(4);8-11
[3]郭平.近地表吸收补偿在辽河油田地震资料中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(2):31-34GUO P.Application of near-surface absorption and compensation in seismic data of Liaohe oilfield[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoir,2015,22(2):31-34
[4]裴江云,陈述民,刘振宽,等.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):18-22PEI J Y,CHEN S M,LIU Z K,et al.Near surface Q value extaraction and amplitude compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(4):18-22
[5]叶秋焱,崔宏良,叶玮,等.一种基于叠前数据的综合Q值求取及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(2):304-308YE Q Y,CUI H L,YE W,et al.Integrated Q value estimation based on prestack seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(2):304-308
[6]蒋立,罗勇,程志国,等.地表一致性表层相对Q计算及补偿方法研究与应用[J].新疆地质,2015,33(3):415-420JIANG L,LUO Y,CHNEG Z G,et al.Research and application of surface-consist relative Qcalculation and compensation[J].Xinjiang Geology,2015,33(3):415-420
[7]李英才,王艳仓,李旭,等.地表一致性俞氏子波反褶积[J].石油物探,1997,36(增刊1):56-62LI Y C,WANG Y C,LI X,et al.Surface-consist YU wavelet deconvolution[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1997,36(S1):55-62
[8] WANG Y H.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Qfiltering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663
[9] WANG Y H.Inverse Q-filter for seismic resolution enhancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):V51-V60
[10] WANG Y H,GUO J.Modified Kolsky model for seismic attenuation and dispersion[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2004,1(4):187-196
[11] WANG Y H.Quantifying the effectiveness of stabilized inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):337-345
[12]渥·伊尔马滋.地震资料分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:213-216YILMAZ O.Seismic data analysis[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:213-216
[13] ZHENG H M,LOU B,JIANG L.Research and application of wave equation forward model[C]∥CPS/SEG Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference,2009
[14] ROBINSON E A,TREITEL S.Principles of didital Wiener filtering[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1967,15(1):311-333
[15]王咸彬.准噶尔盆地南缘山前带激发因素分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):59-64WANG X B.Discussion on shooting factors in the foothill in southern Junggar basin[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2008,31(1);55-62
[16]李庆忠.从信噪比谱分析看滤波及反褶积的效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,1986,21(6):575-601LI Q Z.The evaluation of filter and deconvolution effects by S/N spectrum analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1986,21(6):575-601
[17]杨学亭,刘财,刘洋,等.基于连续小波变换的时频域地震波能量衰减补偿[J].石油物探,2014,53(5):523-529YANG X T,LIU C,LIU Y,et al.The attenuation compensation of seismic wave in time-frequency domain based on the continuous wavelet transform[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(5):523-529
[18]王小杰,栾锡武.基于小波分频技术的地层Q值补偿方法研究[J].石油物探,2017,56(2):203-209WANG X J,LUAN X W.The study of formation Q value compensation method based on wavelet frequency division technology[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(2):203-209
[19]张文,周志才,于承业.一种改进的近地表强吸收补偿方法研究[J].石油物探,2017,56(2):210-215ZHANG W,ZHOU Z C,YU C Y.An improved compensation method for near surface strong absorption[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(2):210-215