基于人口流动和区位条件的耕地保护分区——以重庆市石柱县为例
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摘要
人口作为影响耕地保护的非稳定性要素之一,其变动对耕地保护有着极其重要的影响.本文以重庆市石柱县为例,以人口迁移率反映人口变化特征,利用熵权TOPSIS构建反映耕地区位优劣程度的指标体系,借助K-均值聚类进行合理耕地保护区的划定和差别化保护策略的安排.结果表明:①石柱县总体上以人口析出为主,人口迁移指标与常年外出务工率呈现较强的"冷热"空间集聚;②影响耕地区位优劣程度的次序从高到低依次为与居民点的距离、地块坡度、田间道路通达性、与县城距离、与乡(镇)距离、地块高程;③石柱县耕地中Ⅰ等区位条件所占面积最多,其次为Ⅲ等,占地面积最少的为Ⅳ等;从乡(镇)级尺度上看,西部的耕地区位条件好于东部,行政面积小的乡(镇)高于面积大的,边缘乡(镇)低于靠近城区的;④基于人口流动、耕地区位条件对石柱县耕地保护进行分区,并提出相应的保护措施,为本区耕地保护提供科学依据.
The population factor is one of the most unstable elements of cultivated land protection, and its changes have a very important impact on the protection of cultivated land. Taking Shizhu County of Chongqing Municipality as an example and population mobility as a reflection of the characteristics of population change, we use the entropy-weight TOPSIS method to construct an indicator system that reflects the superiority degree of a given farmland location and, finally, by means of K-means clustering, make a reasonable cultivated land protection zoning and realize differentiated farmland protection. The results show that population migration of Shizhu is mostly emigration and that the population migration indicators and the perennial migrant workers of the county present a marked "hot and cold" spatial agglomeration. The degree of influence of cultivated land location reducing as: distance from the residential site, slope of the land, field road accessibility, distance from the county seat, distance from the town, elevation of the land. In this county, the cultivated land of Location Grade I has the largest area, followed by Grade Ⅲ and others places, and Grade Ⅳ has the smallest area. On the town scale, the location of cultivated land is better in the west than in the east and that of the towns with smaller area is better than that of the towns with larger area. The location of cultivated land of the towns close to the urban area is better than that of the towns located far from it. Finally, based on population flow and cultivated land location, a zoning is made for cultivated land protection in the study area, and corresponding protection measures are proposed so as to provide a reference for the protection of cultivated land in Shizhu.
The population factor is one of the most unstable elements of cultivated land protection, and its changes have a very important impact on the protection of cultivated land. Taking Shizhu County of Chongqing Municipality as an example and population mobility as a reflection of the characteristics of population change, we use the entropy-weight TOPSIS method to construct an indicator system that reflects the superiority degree of a given farmland location and, finally, by means of K-means clustering, make a reasonable cultivated land protection zoning and realize differentiated farmland protection. The results show that population migration of Shizhu is mostly emigration and that the population migration indicators and the perennial migrant workers of the county present a marked "hot and cold" spatial agglomeration. The degree of influence of cultivated land location reducing as: distance from the residential site, slope of the land, field road accessibility, distance from the county seat, distance from the town, elevation of the land. In this county, the cultivated land of Location Grade I has the largest area, followed by Grade Ⅲ and others places, and Grade Ⅳ has the smallest area. On the town scale, the location of cultivated land is better in the west than in the east and that of the towns with smaller area is better than that of the towns with larger area. The location of cultivated land of the towns close to the urban area is better than that of the towns located far from it. Finally, based on population flow and cultivated land location, a zoning is made for cultivated land protection in the study area, and corresponding protection measures are proposed so as to provide a reference for the protection of cultivated land in Shizhu.
引文
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[3]宋小青,欧阳竹.耕地多功能内涵及其对耕地保护的启示[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(7):859-868.
[4]钱凤魁,张琳琳,贾璐,等.基本农田划定中的耕地立地条件评价研究[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(3):447-456.
[5]韦仕川,熊昌盛,栾乔林,等.基于耕地质量指数局部空间自相关的耕地保护分区[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(18):249-256.
[6]王洪波,程锋,张中帆,等.中国耕地等别分异特性及其对耕地保护的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):1-8.
[7]奉婷,张凤荣,李灿,等.基于耕地质量综合评价的县域基本农田空间布局[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(1):200-210,293.
[8]李广东,邱道持,王利平,等.生计资产差异对农户耕地保护补偿模式选择的影响---渝西方山丘陵不同地带样点村的实证分析[J].地理学报,2012,67(4):504-515.
[9]曹瑞芬,张安录.基于耕地资源综合水平的区域耕地保护补偿分区研---以湖北省为例[J].农业技术经济,2014(12):15-24.
[10]陈秧分,刘彦随,李裕瑞.基于农户生产决策视角的耕地保护经济补偿标准测算[J].中国土地科学,2010,24(4):4-8,31.
[11]李斐,申丽娟,王三,等.土地规划中建设用地变化对耕地保护的潜在影响---以重庆市北碚区为例[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(9):159-166.
[12]张仕超,魏朝富.新型四化下耕地集约利用的时代要求与启示[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,41(3):139-146.
[13]李广东,邱道持,王平,等.中国耕地保护机制建设研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(3):282-289.
[14]杜挺,谢贤健,梁海艳,等.基于熵权TOPSIS和GIS的重庆市县域经济综合评价及空间分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(6):40-47.
[15]邵景安,张仕超,李秀彬.山区土地流转对缓解耕地撂荒的作用[J].地理学报,2015,70(4):636-649.
[16]邵景安,张仕超,李秀彬.山区耕地边际化特征及其动因与政策含义[J].地理学报,2014,69(2):227-242.
[17]赵荣钦,黄贤金,钟太洋,等.聚类分析在江苏沿海地区土地利用分区中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):310-314.
[18]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:69-84.