干旱胁迫对刺槐品种抗氧化酶、光合特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响
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摘要
为阐明刺槐无性系的抗旱机制,以盆栽的2年生刺槐新品种‘多彩青山’和‘紫艳青山’为试材,研究了不同土壤水分条件下(对照,田间持水量的70±5%;中度干旱胁迫处理,田间持水量的50±5%;重度干旱胁迫处理,田间持水量的30±5%)刺槐的形态指标、抗氧化酶活性、光合特性和叶绿体超微结构的变化。结果表明:干旱胁迫下‘多彩青山’和‘紫艳青山’的株高、地径、叶面积、地上部和地下部干重均比对照减小;叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)均呈先上升后下降的趋势;丙二醛MDA含量随干旱胁迫程度的增加呈现逐渐上升的趋势。净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔限制值(Ls)均比对照显著减少,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著增加,且重度干旱胁迫下变化趋势均比中度干旱胁迫明显,‘紫艳青山’的变化趋势均比‘多彩青山’明显。两个品种叶片叶绿体超微结构均受到不同程度的损伤,‘多彩青山’的叶绿体结构受损伤程度比‘紫艳青山’的轻。因此,干旱胁迫对‘多彩青山’和‘紫艳青山’的生长有显著抑制,抗氧化酶活性的增加是其重要的适应机制。而‘多彩青山’能够比‘紫艳青山’更好地通过提高抗氧化系统的酶活性,维持叶绿体中类囊体结构的稳定性,有着较强的抗旱性。
In order to elucidate the drought resistance mechanism of Robinia pseudoacacia clones, we studied the morphological indexes, antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of R.pseudoacacia clones under different soil moisture conditions(in contrast, 70±5% of field water capacity, 50±5% of medium drought stress, and 30±5% of severe drought stress.), with potted 2-year-old R. pseudoacacia cultivars 'Duocaiqingshan' and 'Ziyanqingshan'. The results showed that under the drought stress the height of the plants, ground diameter, leaf area, dry weight of above ground part and underground part of 'Duocaiqingshan' and 'Ziyanqingshan' were lower than the situations in control group. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Peroxidase(POD) and Catalase(CAT) in leaves increased first and then decreased. The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) increased with the increase of drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr) and stomatal limitation value(Ls) were significantly decreased compared with the control group, and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) increased significantly. The variation trend under severe drought stress was more obvious than that under moderate drought stress. The variation trend about 'Ziyanqingshan' was more obvious than 'Duocaiqingshan'.The chloroplast ultrastructure of the leaves of both varieties were damaged to varying degrees. The chloroplast structure of'Duocaiqingshan' was less damaged than that of 'Ziyanqingshan'. Drought stress significantly inhibited the growth of'Duocaiqingshan' and 'Ziyanqingshan', and the activity of the increase of antioxidant enzyme was an important adaptive mechanism. Compared with 'Ziyanqingshan', 'Duocaiqingshan' had stronger ability to use the mechanism to maintain the stability of thylakoid structure in chloroplasts, and had stronger drought resistance.
In order to elucidate the drought resistance mechanism of Robinia pseudoacacia clones, we studied the morphological indexes, antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of R.pseudoacacia clones under different soil moisture conditions(in contrast, 70±5% of field water capacity, 50±5% of medium drought stress, and 30±5% of severe drought stress.), with potted 2-year-old R. pseudoacacia cultivars 'Duocaiqingshan' and 'Ziyanqingshan'. The results showed that under the drought stress the height of the plants, ground diameter, leaf area, dry weight of above ground part and underground part of 'Duocaiqingshan' and 'Ziyanqingshan' were lower than the situations in control group. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Peroxidase(POD) and Catalase(CAT) in leaves increased first and then decreased. The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) increased with the increase of drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr) and stomatal limitation value(Ls) were significantly decreased compared with the control group, and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) increased significantly. The variation trend under severe drought stress was more obvious than that under moderate drought stress. The variation trend about 'Ziyanqingshan' was more obvious than 'Duocaiqingshan'.The chloroplast ultrastructure of the leaves of both varieties were damaged to varying degrees. The chloroplast structure of'Duocaiqingshan' was less damaged than that of 'Ziyanqingshan'. Drought stress significantly inhibited the growth of'Duocaiqingshan' and 'Ziyanqingshan', and the activity of the increase of antioxidant enzyme was an important adaptive mechanism. Compared with 'Ziyanqingshan', 'Duocaiqingshan' had stronger ability to use the mechanism to maintain the stability of thylakoid structure in chloroplasts, and had stronger drought resistance.
引文
[1]张丹,任洁,王慧梅.干旱胁迫及复水对红松针叶和树皮绿色组织光合特性及抗氧化系统的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2606-2614
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[11]李合生.植物生理学实验指导书[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:184-197
[12]孙宪芝,郭先锋,郑成淑,等.高温胁迫下外源钙对菊花叶片光合机构与活性氧清除酶系统的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(9):1983-1988
[13]Fan HM,Wang XW,Sun X,et al.Effects of humic acid derived from sediments on growth,photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in chrysanthemum[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,177:118-123
[14]Zhang J,Kirkham MB.Drought stress induced changes in activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and peroxidase in wheat species[J].Plant Cell Physiology,1994,35:785-791
[15]Antonio R,Pedro DV,Jose AH,et al.Superoxide dismutase and total peroxidase activities in relation to drought recovery performance of mycorrhizalshrub seedlings grown in an amended semi-arid soil[J].Plant Physiology,2008,165:715-722
[16]时忠杰,杜阿朋,胡哲森.水分胁迫对板栗幼苗叶片活性氧代谢的影响[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(5):683-687
[17]Lawlor DW,Cornic G.Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2002,25(2):275-294
[18]Flexas J,Bota J,Loreto F,et al.Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3plants[J].Plant Biology,2004,6(3):269-279
[19]Flexas J,Barón M,Bota J,et al.Photosynthesis limitations during water stress acclimation and recovery in the drought-adapted Vitis hybrid[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2009,60(8):2361-2377
[20]Chaves MM,Flexas J,Pinheiro C.Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress:regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell[J].Annals of Botany,2009,103(4):551-560
[21]Lawlor DW,Tezara W.Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water-deficient leaf cells:a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes[J].Annals of botany,2009,103(4):561-579
[22]郑彩霞,邱箭,姜春宁,等.胡杨多形叶气孔特征及光合特性的比较[J].林业科学,2006,42(8):20-25
[23]郑元,赵忠,周慧,等.晴天和阴天对刺槐光合生理特性的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(5):60-67
[24]张莉,续九如.水分胁迫下刺槐不同无性系生理生化反应的研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(4):162-167
[25]徐萍,李进,吕海英,等.干旱胁迫对银沙槐幼苗叶绿体和线粒体超微结构及膜脂过氧化的影响[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):120-130
[26]Stoyanova D,Tchakalova E,Yordanov I.Influence of different soil moisture on anatomy of Maize leaves and ultrastructure of chloroplasts[J].Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology,2002,28(12):11-20
[27]Vain B,Pardha P,Saradhi PM.Alteration in chloroplast structure and thylakoid membrane composion due to in vivo heat treatment of rice seedlings:Correlation with the function changes[J].Plant Physiology,2001,158:583-592
[28]郁慧,刘中亮,胡宏亮,等.干旱胁迫对5种植物叶绿体和线粒体超微结构的影响[J].植物研究,2011,31(2):152-158
[2]杨建伟,梁宗锁,韩蕊莲.不同土壤水分状况对刺槐的生长及水分利用特征的影响[J].林业科学,2004,40(5):93-98
[3]王林,冯锦霞,万贤崇.土层厚度对刺槐旱季水分状况和生长的影响[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(3):248-255
[4]毛慧.浅议国内刺槐研究[J].河南林业科技,2011,31(3):31-33
[5]许大全,光合作用学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002:29-109
[6]Guo WH,Li B,Huang YM,et al.Effects of different water stresses on ecophysiological characteristics of Hippophaer hamnoides seedlings[J].Acta Bot Sin,2003,45(10):1238-1244
[7]王淑英,王北洪,马智宏,等.土壤水分含量对欧李叶绿素荧光及光合特性的影响[J].安徽农学报,2007,13(14):25-27
[8]Saricurkcu C,Kocak MS,Tepe B,et al.An alternative antioxidative and enzyme inhibitory agent from Turkey:Robinia pseudoacacia L[J].Industril Crops and Products,2015,78(2):110-115
[9]毛培利,曹帮华,张明如.干旱胁迫下刺槐保护酶活性的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2004,25(1):106-108
[10]郑淑霞,上官周平.黄土高原油松和刺槐叶片光合生理适应性比较[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(1):16-22
[11]李合生.植物生理学实验指导书[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:184-197
[12]孙宪芝,郭先锋,郑成淑,等.高温胁迫下外源钙对菊花叶片光合机构与活性氧清除酶系统的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(9):1983-1988
[13]Fan HM,Wang XW,Sun X,et al.Effects of humic acid derived from sediments on growth,photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in chrysanthemum[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,177:118-123
[14]Zhang J,Kirkham MB.Drought stress induced changes in activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and peroxidase in wheat species[J].Plant Cell Physiology,1994,35:785-791
[15]Antonio R,Pedro DV,Jose AH,et al.Superoxide dismutase and total peroxidase activities in relation to drought recovery performance of mycorrhizalshrub seedlings grown in an amended semi-arid soil[J].Plant Physiology,2008,165:715-722
[16]时忠杰,杜阿朋,胡哲森.水分胁迫对板栗幼苗叶片活性氧代谢的影响[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(5):683-687
[17]Lawlor DW,Cornic G.Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2002,25(2):275-294
[18]Flexas J,Bota J,Loreto F,et al.Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3plants[J].Plant Biology,2004,6(3):269-279
[19]Flexas J,Barón M,Bota J,et al.Photosynthesis limitations during water stress acclimation and recovery in the drought-adapted Vitis hybrid[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2009,60(8):2361-2377
[20]Chaves MM,Flexas J,Pinheiro C.Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress:regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell[J].Annals of Botany,2009,103(4):551-560
[21]Lawlor DW,Tezara W.Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water-deficient leaf cells:a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes[J].Annals of botany,2009,103(4):561-579
[22]郑彩霞,邱箭,姜春宁,等.胡杨多形叶气孔特征及光合特性的比较[J].林业科学,2006,42(8):20-25
[23]郑元,赵忠,周慧,等.晴天和阴天对刺槐光合生理特性的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(5):60-67
[24]张莉,续九如.水分胁迫下刺槐不同无性系生理生化反应的研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(4):162-167
[25]徐萍,李进,吕海英,等.干旱胁迫对银沙槐幼苗叶绿体和线粒体超微结构及膜脂过氧化的影响[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):120-130
[26]Stoyanova D,Tchakalova E,Yordanov I.Influence of different soil moisture on anatomy of Maize leaves and ultrastructure of chloroplasts[J].Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology,2002,28(12):11-20
[27]Vain B,Pardha P,Saradhi PM.Alteration in chloroplast structure and thylakoid membrane composion due to in vivo heat treatment of rice seedlings:Correlation with the function changes[J].Plant Physiology,2001,158:583-592
[28]郁慧,刘中亮,胡宏亮,等.干旱胁迫对5种植物叶绿体和线粒体超微结构的影响[J].植物研究,2011,31(2):152-158