基于葵花杆硫酸铵生物基肥的番茄不同生育期配方肥的效果
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摘要
有机水溶肥能有效促进作物生长和改良作物特性。针对番茄不同生育期需肥特性不同,本试验以生物基磺酸盐为基础,设计苗期、花期、结果期配方肥,苗期N_2O+P_2O_5+K_2O总量为22,设置E1(12-4-6)、E2(9-4-9)两个N-P-K水平;开花期N_2O+P_2O_5+K_2O总量为50,设置M1(20-8-22)、M2(19-6-25)两个N-P-K水平;膨果期N_2O+P_2O_5+K_2O总量为58,设置L1(15-9-34)、L2(13-7-38)两个N-P-K水平,共8个处理,系统研究其对番茄植株长势、果实品质与产量以及土壤养分的影响,以筛选出能有效提高番茄品质、产量及有效改良土壤养分的配方肥。结果表明,番茄生长前期N-P-K为12-4-6和9-4-9时对植株生长无显著影响;生长中期N-P-K为20-8-22时比19-6-25有利于株高、茎粗、叶片数的增加;生长后期N-P-K为20-8-22(M1)13-7-38(L2)有利于提高茎粗、叶片数、叶绿素含量。E1M2L1和E2M1L2可溶性糖含量最大为5.71%、5.70%,E1M1L1显著低于E1M2L1;E2M1L2可溶性固形物含量最高,较E2M2L2高9.1%;E1M2L2的V_C含量最高,E2M1L1、E2M1L2和E2M2L1次之。E1M1L2显著增加了番茄产量,比E2M2L2最低产量高88.2%,E1M2L1和E2M1L2次之,667 m~2产量分别达3 748.60、3 347.81 kg。E2M1L2速效养分含量、EC、pH均表现居中。从产量而言,E1M1L2能够显著增加番茄产量,增加经济效益,但通过主成分分析表明,E2M1L2即苗期总肥量为22,N∶P∶K为9∶4∶9,开花期总肥量为50,N∶P∶K为20∶8∶22,膨果期总肥量为58,N∶P∶K为13∶7∶38更有利于番茄生长,果实品质和土壤质量的提高。
Organic water soluble fertilizer can effectively promote crop growth and improve crop characteristics. In view of the different fertilizer characteristics of tomato in different growth stages, the bio-based sulfonate was used and added with formula fertilizer to design the seedling, flowering and fruiting period in this experiment. The total amount of N_2O+P_2O_5+K_2O in seedling stage was 22, and two N-P-K levels were set as 12-4-6(E1) and 9-4-9(E2); the total amount of N_2O+P_2O_5+K_2O at the flowering stage was 50, and two N-P-K levels were set as 20-8-22(M1) and 19-6-25(M2); the total amount of N_2O+P_2O_5+K_2O was 58, and two N-P-K levels were set as 15-9-34(L1) and 13-7-38(L2), and 8 treatments in total were carried out to systematically study the growth, fruit quality and yield of tomato, in order to screen out formula fertilizers that can effectively improve tomato quality, yield and soil nutrient. The results showed that there was no significant difference in plant growth between two N-P-K levels in the early growth stage of tomato. The plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves in the N-P-K treatment of 20-8-22 were superior to that in the treatment of 19-6-25. In the late growth stage, the treatment of 20-8-22(M1)13-7-38(L2) was beneficial to stem diameter, number of leaves and chlorophyll content. The soluble sugar content of E1 M2 L1 and E2 M1 L2 was 5.71% and 5.70%, E1 M1 L1 was significantly lower than E1 M2 L1. The soluble solid content of E2 M1 L2 was the highest, 9.1% higher than E2 M2 L2. The V_C content of E1 M2 L2 was the highest, E2 M1 L1, E2 M1 L2 and E2 M2 L1 were the second. E1 M1 L2 significantly increased tomato yield, 88.2% higher than the lowest yield in E2 M2 L2, followed by E1 M2 L1 and E2 M1 L2, and the yield was 3 744.60 and 3 347.81 kg·667 m~(-2). The available nutrients, EC and pH value of E2 M1 L2 was all in the middle. In terms of yield, E1 M1 L2 can significantly increase tomato yield and economic benefits. The principal component analysis showed that E2 M1 L2 was the optimal fertilizer at seedling stage with the total amount of 22 and N∶P∶K=9∶4∶9, the optimal fertilizer at flowering stage was the total amount of 50 and N∶P∶K=20∶8∶22, the optimal fertilizer in the fruiting period was the total amount of 58 and N∶P∶K=13∶7∶38, which were more conducive to tomato growth, fruit quality and soil quality.
Organic water soluble fertilizer can effectively promote crop growth and improve crop characteristics. In view of the different fertilizer characteristics of tomato in different growth stages, the bio-based sulfonate was used and added with formula fertilizer to design the seedling, flowering and fruiting period in this experiment. The total amount of N_2O+P_2O_5+K_2O in seedling stage was 22, and two N-P-K levels were set as 12-4-6(E1) and 9-4-9(E2); the total amount of N_2O+P_2O_5+K_2O at the flowering stage was 50, and two N-P-K levels were set as 20-8-22(M1) and 19-6-25(M2); the total amount of N_2O+P_2O_5+K_2O was 58, and two N-P-K levels were set as 15-9-34(L1) and 13-7-38(L2), and 8 treatments in total were carried out to systematically study the growth, fruit quality and yield of tomato, in order to screen out formula fertilizers that can effectively improve tomato quality, yield and soil nutrient. The results showed that there was no significant difference in plant growth between two N-P-K levels in the early growth stage of tomato. The plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves in the N-P-K treatment of 20-8-22 were superior to that in the treatment of 19-6-25. In the late growth stage, the treatment of 20-8-22(M1)13-7-38(L2) was beneficial to stem diameter, number of leaves and chlorophyll content. The soluble sugar content of E1 M2 L1 and E2 M1 L2 was 5.71% and 5.70%, E1 M1 L1 was significantly lower than E1 M2 L1. The soluble solid content of E2 M1 L2 was the highest, 9.1% higher than E2 M2 L2. The V_C content of E1 M2 L2 was the highest, E2 M1 L1, E2 M1 L2 and E2 M2 L1 were the second. E1 M1 L2 significantly increased tomato yield, 88.2% higher than the lowest yield in E2 M2 L2, followed by E1 M2 L1 and E2 M1 L2, and the yield was 3 744.60 and 3 347.81 kg·667 m~(-2). The available nutrients, EC and pH value of E2 M1 L2 was all in the middle. In terms of yield, E1 M1 L2 can significantly increase tomato yield and economic benefits. The principal component analysis showed that E2 M1 L2 was the optimal fertilizer at seedling stage with the total amount of 22 and N∶P∶K=9∶4∶9, the optimal fertilizer at flowering stage was the total amount of 50 and N∶P∶K=20∶8∶22, the optimal fertilizer in the fruiting period was the total amount of 58 and N∶P∶K=13∶7∶38, which were more conducive to tomato growth, fruit quality and soil quality.
引文
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[5] 张亚鸽,吴正保,史彦江,等.不同施肥处理对骏枣光合特性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(6):83-87.ZHANG Y G,WU Z B,SHI Y J,et al.Effects of different fertilization treatments on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Jun jujube[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2015,33(6):83-87.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[7] 张烨.设施蔬菜水肥一体化技术应用[J].农业工程,2018,8(7):132-133.ZHANG Y.Application of integrated water and fertilizer technology for facilities vegetables[J].Agricultural Engineering,2018,8(7):132-133.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 常晓晓.不同供氮水平对设施黄瓜养分吸收利用和产量的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.CHANG X X.The effects of different nitrogen levels on nutrient uptake and yield of protected cultivated cucumber[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 王文军,朱克保,叶寅,等.水肥一体肥料减量对大棚番茄产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(28):38-42.WANG W J,ZHU K B,YE Y,et al.Effect of reducing fertilizer application on yield,quality and fertilizer utilization of greenhouse cultivation tomato under integration of water and fertilizer[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,34(28):38-42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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