滑坡作用下既有隧道锚索加固的物理模型试验与数值模拟研究
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摘要
工程实践中有些隧道不可避免的需要穿越滑坡变形区,在后期地质演变作用及施工扰动荷载作用下原来没有明显变形的斜坡会出现较大变形,甚至发展成滑坡,对既有隧道结构产生不同程度的病害。国内外多数学者针对隧道开挖引起的滑坡体变形影响研究较多,针对滑坡体作用下既有隧道结构的受力变形及加固措施效果研究较少。为研究山体滑坡区域既有隧道锚索加固措施下的系统力学机制,首先建立地质力学模型试验,研究不同数量锚索加固后滑坡体与隧道结构的相互作用规律,并与无锚索加固措施工况进行对比,发现增加锚索加固后滑坡体沉降、隧道弯矩、滑坡体与隧道表面接触力明显减小,而不同数量加固锚索工况下上述观测值变化不大。此外,建立了相应工况的数值模型,与物理试验结果进行了对比得到较好一致性。研究成果可为山体滑坡区域隧道锚索加固方法改进提供一定的理论依据。
Some tunnels are inevitably built to cross the landslide zone in actual engineering. Besides, under the action of late geological evolution and construction disturbance, the slope that has no obvious deformation or more stable slope will appear larger deformation and even develop into a landslide. Consequently, the landslide has negative effects on the tunnel structure. So tunnel structure will be affected and even be interrupted. At present, most scholars at home and abroad are focus on stress and deformation of landslide body caused by tunnel excavation. There are few studies on the force, deformation and reinforcement of existing tunnel structures under the action of landslide. In order to study the stress and deformation of the reinforcement measures of the existing tunnel cable in landslide mountain area, firstly we establish the geomechanical model test and study on the interaction between the landslide and the tunnel structure that with the reinforcement of the different number of anchors and compared with that without the reinforcement. Then, we use the numerical software to establish the model under the corresponding conditions, compared with the physical test results. It shows a good consistency. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the anchor cable reinforcements of the tunnel in the landslide mountain area.
Some tunnels are inevitably built to cross the landslide zone in actual engineering. Besides, under the action of late geological evolution and construction disturbance, the slope that has no obvious deformation or more stable slope will appear larger deformation and even develop into a landslide. Consequently, the landslide has negative effects on the tunnel structure. So tunnel structure will be affected and even be interrupted. At present, most scholars at home and abroad are focus on stress and deformation of landslide body caused by tunnel excavation. There are few studies on the force, deformation and reinforcement of existing tunnel structures under the action of landslide. In order to study the stress and deformation of the reinforcement measures of the existing tunnel cable in landslide mountain area, firstly we establish the geomechanical model test and study on the interaction between the landslide and the tunnel structure that with the reinforcement of the different number of anchors and compared with that without the reinforcement. Then, we use the numerical software to establish the model under the corresponding conditions, compared with the physical test results. It shows a good consistency. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the anchor cable reinforcements of the tunnel in the landslide mountain area.
引文
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[15]刘聪,冷艳秋,胡高社,等.川藏公路滑坡加固预应力锚索受力分析研究[J].灾害学,2014,29(1):25-29.LIU Cong,LENG Yan-qiu,HU Gao-she,et al.Analysis and study on the stress analysis of prestressed anchor cable for highway landslide in Sichuan-Xizang highway[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2014,29(1):25-29.
[16]刘新荣,李栋梁,吴相超,等.泥岩隧道锚承载特性现场模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(1):161-169.LIU Xin-rong,LI Dong-liang,WU Xiang-chao,et al.Filed model tests on bearing behavior of mudstone tunnel anchorage[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(1):161-169.
[2]马慧民.坡体病害与隧道变形问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊2):2719-2724.MA Hui-ming.Discussion on problems of slope disaster and tunnel deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.2):2719-2724.
[3]陶志平,周培德.滑坡地段隧道变形的地质力学模型及工程防止措施[J].铁道工程学报,2006,91(1):61-66.TAO Zhi-ping,ZHOU De-pei.The geological mechanics models of tunnel deformation at landslide site and engineering controlling measure[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2006,91(1):61-66.
[4]张延新,蔡美峰,乔兰,等.高速公路隧道开挖与支护力学行为研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1284-1289.ZHANG Yan-xin,CAI Mei-feng,QIAO Lan,et al.Study on mechanical response to excavation and support of expressway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1284-1289.
[5]万明富,郝哲,刘剑平,等.超大跨公路隧道开挖与支护稳定性分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(1):71-73.WAN Ming-fu,HAO Zhe,LIU Jian-ping,et al.Analysis of stability about excavation and support of super-span road tunnel[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2007,26(1):71-73.
[6]刘君,孔宪京.节理岩体中隧道开挖与支护的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2007,28(2):321-326.LIU Jun,KONG Xian-jing.Numerical simulation of behavior of jointed rock masses during tunneling and lining of tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(2):321-326.
[7]GOLESTANIFAR M,GOSHTASBI K,JAFARIAN M,et al.A multi-dimensional approach to the assessment of tunnel excavation methods[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(7):1077-1085.
[8]向钰周,郑颖人,王成,等.浅埋土体隧洞松散压力计算方法的探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(3):467-479.XIANG Yu-zhou,ZHENG Ying-ren,WANG Cheng,et al.New method of calculation about shallow buried tunnel loosing pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(3):467-479.
[9]章慧健,龚伦,仇文革,等.隧道分部开挖的围岩松动区演变分析[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(12):2323-2329.ZHANG Hui-jian,GONG Lun,QIU Wen-ge,et al.Evolution of loosened zone of surrounding rock for tunnels constructed by multi-partition excavation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(12):2323-2329.
[10]陈豪雄,朱永全.风积砂地层隧道加固技术试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(3):206-213.CHEN Hao-xiong,ZHU Yong-quan.Experimental study of strengthening technology for a tunnel constructed in aeolian sand straum[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(3):206-213.
[11]丁秀丽,盛谦,韩军,等.预应力锚索锚固机理的数值模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):980-988.DING Xiu-li,SHENG Qian,HAN Jun,et al.Numerical simulation testing study on reinforcement mechanism of prestressed anchorage cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(7):980-988.
[12]杨小刚,彭家贵,龚熙维,等.叙大铁路佘家坡隧道洞口滑坡综合治理[J].路基工程,2012,2012(5):183-186.YANG Xiao-gang,PENG Jia-gui,GONG Xi-wei,et al.Comprehensive treatment on landslide at the entrance of Shejiapo tunnel on Xuyong-Gulin railway[J].Subgrade Engineering,2012,2012(5):183-186.
[13]吴红刚,杨涛,马惠民,等.隧道–滑坡体系的预加固机制及模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊2):3531-3538.WU Hong-gang,PENG Jia-zhen,GONG Xi-wei,et al.Research of pre-reinforcement mechanism and model test of tunnel-landslide system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.2):3531-3538.
[14]尹静,邓荣贵,钟志彬,等.横穿滑坡变形区隧道受力变形规律及影响因素分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增刊2):3615-3625.YIN Jing,DENG Rong-gui,ZHONG Zhi-bin,et al.Stress and deformation laws and influence factors analysis of tunnel across the slope deformation zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.2):3615-3625.
[15]刘聪,冷艳秋,胡高社,等.川藏公路滑坡加固预应力锚索受力分析研究[J].灾害学,2014,29(1):25-29.LIU Cong,LENG Yan-qiu,HU Gao-she,et al.Analysis and study on the stress analysis of prestressed anchor cable for highway landslide in Sichuan-Xizang highway[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2014,29(1):25-29.
[16]刘新荣,李栋梁,吴相超,等.泥岩隧道锚承载特性现场模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(1):161-169.LIU Xin-rong,LI Dong-liang,WU Xiang-chao,et al.Filed model tests on bearing behavior of mudstone tunnel anchorage[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(1):161-169.