根皮苷和串珠镰孢菌加重苹果连作土壤环境及其对平邑甜茶生长的抑制
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摘要
以平邑甜茶幼苗(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)为试材,在盆栽条件下研究了串珠镰孢菌和根皮苷对幼苗生长及连作土壤微生物的影响,为阐明连作障碍的发生机理提供理论依据。结果表明:8月份串珠镰孢菌、根皮苷、串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷处理均不同程度降低了连作条件下‘平邑甜茶’幼苗的生物量,其中串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷处理的株高、地径、鲜质量、干质量降低最显著,分别为连作土对照的70.6%、77.4%、52.3%和43.7%;9月份各处理的生长量趋势与8月份一致。在8月和9月,不同处理对幼苗根系呼吸速率的抑制作用表现为:串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷>串珠镰孢菌>根皮苷>连作土对照。3个处理均不同程度地抑制了连作土壤中细菌的生长,促进了真菌的生长,改变了土壤真菌的群落结构。3个处理均不同程度地降低了连作土壤中脲酶、中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性;在8月,根皮苷、串珠镰孢菌、串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷处理后对土壤脲酶活性的抑制作用较显著,分别比对照降低14.8%、29.1%和53.4%。综上,串珠镰孢菌和根皮苷单独或组合处理均显著抑制了‘平邑甜茶’幼苗的生长,其中串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷处理最为显著,说明根皮苷和串珠镰孢菌共同作用加重了苹果连作障碍现象。
To provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of apple replant disease,a pot experiment was conducted to study effects of phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme on the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and the replanted soil microorganisms. The determination results of the August showed that the biomass of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings was significantly reduced with the treatments of Fusarium moniliforme,phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme + phloridzin. The plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight and dry weight of the Fusarium moniliforme + phloridzin were 70.6%,77.4%,52.3%,and 43.7% of the replanted soil control,respectively. The growth trend of the treatments in September was consistent with that in the year of August. Treatments that caused damage to the root respiration rate of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings in August and September were sorted as:Fusarium moniliforme + phloridzin > Fusarium moniliforme > phloridzin > replanted soil control. Three treatments inhibited the growth of bacteria in the replanted soil,promoted the growth of fungi and changed the community structure of soil fungi. The activities of soil catalase,soil urease,soil invertase,soil neutral phosphatase were significantly reduced with the three treatments;In August,soil urease was reduced by 14.8%,29.1%,53.4% compared with the replanted soil control. In conclusion, Fusarium moniliforme and phloridzin alone or in combination significantly inhibited the growth of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings,Fusarium moniliforme and phloridzin treatment was the most significant. These results suggested that the combination of phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme could increase the phenomenon of apple replant disease.
To provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of apple replant disease,a pot experiment was conducted to study effects of phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme on the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and the replanted soil microorganisms. The determination results of the August showed that the biomass of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings was significantly reduced with the treatments of Fusarium moniliforme,phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme + phloridzin. The plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight and dry weight of the Fusarium moniliforme + phloridzin were 70.6%,77.4%,52.3%,and 43.7% of the replanted soil control,respectively. The growth trend of the treatments in September was consistent with that in the year of August. Treatments that caused damage to the root respiration rate of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings in August and September were sorted as:Fusarium moniliforme + phloridzin > Fusarium moniliforme > phloridzin > replanted soil control. Three treatments inhibited the growth of bacteria in the replanted soil,promoted the growth of fungi and changed the community structure of soil fungi. The activities of soil catalase,soil urease,soil invertase,soil neutral phosphatase were significantly reduced with the three treatments;In August,soil urease was reduced by 14.8%,29.1%,53.4% compared with the replanted soil control. In conclusion, Fusarium moniliforme and phloridzin alone or in combination significantly inhibited the growth of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings,Fusarium moniliforme and phloridzin treatment was the most significant. These results suggested that the combination of phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme could increase the phenomenon of apple replant disease.
引文
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Sun Bu-lei,Wang Yan-fang,Zhang Xian-fu,Shen Xiang,Chen Xue-sen,Mao Zhi-quan.2015.Effect of residual roots on the biomass of Malus hupehensis seedlings,phenolic acids and microbiology in the soil of continuous cropping.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,42(1):131-139.(in Chinese)孙步蕾,王艳芳,张先富,沈向,陈学森,毛志泉.2015.连作土壤中残根对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量及土壤酚酸类物质和微生物的影响.园艺学报,42(1):131-139.
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Bai R,Ma F W,Liang D,Zhao X.2009.Phthalic acid induces oxidative stress and alters the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in roots of Malus prunifolia.Journal of Chemical Ecology,35:488-494.
Bubna G A,Lima R B,Zanardo D Y L,Dos Santos W D,Ferrarese M D L L,Ferrarese-Filho O.2011.Exogenous caffeic acid inhibits the growth and enhances the lignification of the roots of soybean(Glycine max).Journal of Plant Physiology,168(14-15):1627-1633.
Cheng Li-juan,Xue Quan-hong.2000.Microbiology laboratory technology.Xi’an:World Publishing Corporation.(in Chinese)程丽娟,薛泉宏.2000.微生物学实验技术.西安:世界图书出版公司.
Guan Song-yin.1986.Soil enzymes and its research methods.Beijing:Agricultural Press:274-340.(in Chinese)关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社:274-340.
Hu Yuan-sen,Wu Kun,Li Cui-xiang,Sun Fu-lin,Jia Xin-cheng.2007.Effects of phenolic compounds on the growth of Cucumis sativus seedlings and Fusarium oxysporum hypha.Chinese Journal of Ecology,26(11):1738-1742.(in Chinese)胡元森,吴坤,李翠香,孙富林,贾新成.2007.酚酸物质对黄瓜幼苗及枯萎病菌茵丝生长的影响.生态学杂志,26(11):1738-1742.
Ju R,Zhao Y,Li J,Jiang H,Liu P,Yang T,Bao Z,Zhou B,Zhou X,Liu X.2014.Identification and evaluation of a potential biocontrol agent,Bacillus subtilis,against Fusarium sp.in apple seedlings.Annals of Microbiology,(64):377-383.
Kelderer M,Manici L M,Caputo F,Thalheimer M.2012.Planting in the‘inter-row’to overcome replant disease in apple orchards:a study on the effectiveness of the practice based on microbial indicators.Plant and Soil,357:381-393.
Kong Chui-hua,Hu Fei.2001.Allelopathic allelopathy and its application.Beijing:China Agriculture Press:30-42.(in Chinese)孔垂华,胡飞.2001.植物化感相生相克作用及其应用.北京:中国农业出版社:30-42.
Lin Shan-shan,Zhou Bao-li,Chen Shao-li,Li Xia,Ding Yu-wen,Ye Xue-ling.2009.Effects of grafting on soil microbe amounts and enzyme activities of eggplants under vanillin and cinnamic acid stress.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,18(3):222-226,248.(in Chinese)蔺姗姗,周宝利,陈绍莉,李夏,丁昱文,叶雪凌.2009.香草醛、肉桂酸胁迫下嫁接对茄子根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响.西北农业学报,18(3):222-226,248.
Liu E T,Wang G S,Li Y Y,Shen X,Chen X S,Song F H,Wu S J,Chen Q,Mao Z Q.2014.Replanting affects the tree growth and fruit quality of Gala apple.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,13(8):1699-1706.
Liu Jian-guo,Zhang Wei,Li Yan-bin,Sun Yan-yan,Bian Xin-min.2009.Effects of long-term continuous cropping system of cotton on soil physical-chemical properties and activities of soil enzyme in oasis in Xinjiang.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,42(2):725-733.(in Chinese)刘建国,张伟,李彦斌,孙艳艳,卞新民.2009.新疆绿洲棉花长期连作对土壤理化性状与土壤酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,42(2):725-733.
Liu Jin-bo,Xu Yan-li,Lv Guo-zhong,Li Chun-jie,Zhao Zhi-hui,Wei Wei.2009.Black soil region Fusarium population structure and quantity in soybean rhizosphere of different rotation system.Soybean Science,28(1):97-102.(in Chinese)刘金波,许艳丽,吕国忠,李春杰,赵志慧,魏巍.2009.黑土区不同轮作系统大豆根际镰孢菌种群结构和数量.大豆科学,28(1):97-102.
Liu Zhi.2013.The isolation and identification of fungi pathogen from apple replant disease in Bohai Bay region and the screening of the antagonistic Trichoderma strains[M.D.Dissertation].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University.(in Chinese)刘志.2013.环渤海湾地区苹果再植病病原真菌分离鉴定及生防木霉菌株的筛选[硕士论文].泰安:山东农业大学.
Manici L M,Ciavatta C,Kelderer M,Erschbaumer G.2003.Replant problems in South Tyrol:role of fungal pathogens and microbial population in conventional and organic apple orchards.Plant and Soil,256(2):315-324.
Mao Zhi-quan,Wang Li-qin,Shen Xiang,Shu Huan-rui,Zou Yan-mei.2004.Effect of organic materials on respiration intensity of annual Malus.hupehensis Rehd.root system.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,10(2):171-175.(in Chinese)毛志泉,王丽琴,沈向,束怀瑞,邹岩梅.2004.有机物料对平邑甜茶实生苗根系呼吸强度的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,10(2):171-175.
Mazzola M,Manici L M.2012.Apple replant disease:role of microbial ecology in cause and control.Annual Review of Phytopathology,50:45-65.
Sun Bu-lei,Wang Yan-fang,Zhang Xian-fu,Shen Xiang,Chen Xue-sen,Mao Zhi-quan.2015.Effect of residual roots on the biomass of Malus hupehensis seedlings,phenolic acids and microbiology in the soil of continuous cropping.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,42(1):131-139.(in Chinese)孙步蕾,王艳芳,张先富,沈向,陈学森,毛志泉.2015.连作土壤中残根对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量及土壤酚酸类物质和微生物的影响.园艺学报,42(1):131-139.
Sun Hai-bing,Mao Zhi-quan,Zhu Shu-hua.2011.Changes of phenolic acids in the soil of replanted apple orchards surrounding Bohai Gulf.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(1):90-97.(in Chinese)孙海兵,毛志泉,朱树华.2011.环渤海湾地区连作苹果园土壤中酚酸类物质变化.生态学报,31(1):90-97.
van Schoor L,Denman S,Cook N C.2009.Characterisation of apple replant disease under South African conditions and potential biological management strategies.Scientia Horticulturae,119(2):153-162.
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