沈阳市养老机构老年人生命质量调查
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摘要
目的了解辽宁省沈阳市机构养老老年人生命质量并探讨其影响因素,为改善机构内老年人健康状况、提高生命质量提供依据。方法于2017年3月—2018年4月采用随机整群抽样的方法,在沈阳市民政局所登记的机构数中随机抽取17所,对符合纳入排除标准的≥60岁老年人采用健康调查简表(SF-36量表)进行调查。结果老年人共458名,男性202人(44%),女性256人(56%);平均年龄(78.6±8.5)岁;慢性病患病率高达为81.4%(373/458);老年人生命质量各维度得分由高到低是:社会功能(SF)、躯体疼痛(BP)、情感职能(RE)、精力(VT)、总体健康(GH)、生理职能(RP)、精神健康(MH)、生理机能(PF)、健康变化(HT),生命质量均分为61.1分;单因素分析中慢性病、年龄、文化程度等对生命质量均有影响(P<0.05);多因素分析中身体锻炼对PCS和MCS的标准化偏回归系数分别为-0.388和-0.407。结论机构内老年人慢性病患病率高且老年人生命质量状况中等偏下,影响老年人生命质量的因素主要是锻炼身体的情况和睡眠情况。
Objective To examine the quality of life(QoL) and its influencing factors among the elderly living in nursing institutions in Shenyang city of Liaoning province and to provide evidences for improving health status and QoL of the population. Methods Using random cluster sampling and the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36), we conducted a survey among all eligible elderly aged ≥ 60 years in 17 nursing institutions registered in Shenyang Civil Affairs Bureau from March 2017 to April 2018. Results The participants of the study were 202 males(44%) and 256 females(56%), with an average age of 78.6 + 8.5 years and a chronic disease prevalence rate of 81.4%(373/458). For all the participants, the overall QoL score was 61.1 and the rank order of the QoL domain scores from high to low was social function(SF), bodily pain(BP), role emotional(RE), vatality(VT), general health(GH), role physical(RP), mental health(MH), physiological function(PF), and health transition(HT). Univariate analysis found that significant influencing factors of QoL were suffering from chronic diseases, age, and education level(P < 0.05); multivariate analysis revealed that physical exercise had obvious impacts on scores of physical component summary(PCS) and mental component summary(MCS), with the standardized partial regression coefficients of-0.388 and-0.407, respectively. Conclusion Among the elderly living in nursing institutions in Shenyang city, the prevalence of chronic diseases is high and the quality of life is at a lower middle level and mainly influenced by physical exercise and sleeping status.
Objective To examine the quality of life(QoL) and its influencing factors among the elderly living in nursing institutions in Shenyang city of Liaoning province and to provide evidences for improving health status and QoL of the population. Methods Using random cluster sampling and the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36), we conducted a survey among all eligible elderly aged ≥ 60 years in 17 nursing institutions registered in Shenyang Civil Affairs Bureau from March 2017 to April 2018. Results The participants of the study were 202 males(44%) and 256 females(56%), with an average age of 78.6 + 8.5 years and a chronic disease prevalence rate of 81.4%(373/458). For all the participants, the overall QoL score was 61.1 and the rank order of the QoL domain scores from high to low was social function(SF), bodily pain(BP), role emotional(RE), vatality(VT), general health(GH), role physical(RP), mental health(MH), physiological function(PF), and health transition(HT). Univariate analysis found that significant influencing factors of QoL were suffering from chronic diseases, age, and education level(P < 0.05); multivariate analysis revealed that physical exercise had obvious impacts on scores of physical component summary(PCS) and mental component summary(MCS), with the standardized partial regression coefficients of-0.388 and-0.407, respectively. Conclusion Among the elderly living in nursing institutions in Shenyang city, the prevalence of chronic diseases is high and the quality of life is at a lower middle level and mainly influenced by physical exercise and sleeping status.
引文
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[11]王奇,颜小燕.城市社区老年人生活质量与体育锻炼相关性[J].中国老年学杂志,2016(10):2496-2498.
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[13]张小伟,李伟,罗盛,等.潍坊市城市社区老年人慢性病患病现状及影响因素[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2016(12):924-926.
[14] van Oostrom SH,Gijssen R,Stirbu I,et al. Time trends in prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity not only due to aging:data from general practices and health surveys[J]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd,2017,161:D1429.
[2]陈卫.国际视野下的中国人口老龄化[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(6):82-92.
[3]马馼,秦光荣,何晔晖,等.关于应对人口老龄化与发展养老服务的调研报告[J].社会保障评论,2017(1):8-23.
[4] Dong A, Chen S, Zhu L, et al. The reliability and validity of Chinese version of SF36 v2 in aging patients with chronic heart failure[J]. Aging Clin Exp Res, 2017,29(4):685-693.
[5]Dehesa-Lopez E, Correa-Rotter R, Olvera-Castillo D, et al.Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Mexican version of the kidney disease questionnaire KDQOL-SF36 version 1.3[J].Qual Life Res, 2017,26(1):193-198.
[6]赵龙超,杨展,胡晓,等.SF-12v2与SF-36v2在成都市居民人群中的等效性评价[J].四川大学学报(医学版),2018(01):87-92.
[7]夏聪,杨枭楠,吴伟旋,等.SF-36量表应用于广州市中青年知识分子的信度和效度评价[J].中国医药导报,2016,13(26):56-59.
[8]Janani K, Varghese J, Jain M, et al. HRQOL using SF36(generic specific)in liver cirrhosis[J]. Indian J Gastroenterol, 2017, 36(4):313-317.
[9] Zhai S, Zhuang Q, Wang Z. Study on the relationship between social support and mental health of the elderly in China:a case study of Xi'an city, Shaanxi province[J]. J Ment Health, 2017:1-6.
[10]王莹,张保,程书栋,等.贫困地区养老机构老年人生活满意度影响因素[J].中国公共卫生,2017(1):132-135.
[11]王奇,颜小燕.城市社区老年人生活质量与体育锻炼相关性[J].中国老年学杂志,2016(10):2496-2498.
[12]温丽影.安徽某地区成人睡眠时间和睡眠质量与常见慢性病关系的现况研究[D].安徽医科大学,2016.
[13]张小伟,李伟,罗盛,等.潍坊市城市社区老年人慢性病患病现状及影响因素[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2016(12):924-926.
[14] van Oostrom SH,Gijssen R,Stirbu I,et al. Time trends in prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity not only due to aging:data from general practices and health surveys[J]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd,2017,161:D1429.