稳定同位素结合粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量判别核桃的产地来源
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摘要
为了判别核桃的产地来源,利用稳定同位素质谱仪测定来自河南、新疆、河北、甘肃、陕西、四川、湖北、云南、广西等省的344个核桃样品的C、H、O、N同位素比值,用元素分析仪测定N元素含量并转化为粗蛋白含量,用理化分析方法测定粗脂肪含量。结果表明,核桃中的δ~2H、δ~(18)O值随纬度的降低而减小;河南省亚地区核桃的δ~(13)C值随海拔的增加而增加。利用线性判别发现,C、H、O、N同位素比值对不同省份、河南省亚地区核桃产地的正确判别率为71. 1%和57. 9%;结合粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量后,正确判别率总体分别提升至79. 6%和68. 6%。说明稳定同位素结合有机成分能提高核桃产地的判别效果,且不同省份间的判别率明显高于亚地区的判别率。
In order to distinguish walnuts according to their geographic origin,344 samples of walnuts from Henan,Xinjiang,Hebei,Gansu,Shanxi,Sichuan,Hubei,Yunnan and Guangxi were collected. Their isotope ratios of C,H,O,N were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The N content was measured by elemental analyzer and it was utilized to calculate the corresponding crude protein content. The crude fat content was determined by physicochemical analytical method. The results showed that δ~2 H and δ~(18) O were reduced with decreased latitude. Theδ~(13) C value of walnuts in Henan sub-region increased with elevated latitude. The linear discriminant analysis found that the overall rates of correctly discriminating walnuts from different provinces and Henan sub-region by the stable isotope ratio of C、H、O、N were 71. 1% and 57. 9%,respectively. When combined with the contents of crude fat and protein,the overall rates of correct discrimination increased up to 79. 6% and 68. 6%,respectively. It was found that stable isotopes in combination with organic component analysis could help discriminating the origins of walnuts. In addition,the discrimination rates for discriminating walnuts from different provinces are higher than those for subregions.
In order to distinguish walnuts according to their geographic origin,344 samples of walnuts from Henan,Xinjiang,Hebei,Gansu,Shanxi,Sichuan,Hubei,Yunnan and Guangxi were collected. Their isotope ratios of C,H,O,N were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The N content was measured by elemental analyzer and it was utilized to calculate the corresponding crude protein content. The crude fat content was determined by physicochemical analytical method. The results showed that δ~2 H and δ~(18) O were reduced with decreased latitude. Theδ~(13) C value of walnuts in Henan sub-region increased with elevated latitude. The linear discriminant analysis found that the overall rates of correctly discriminating walnuts from different provinces and Henan sub-region by the stable isotope ratio of C、H、O、N were 71. 1% and 57. 9%,respectively. When combined with the contents of crude fat and protein,the overall rates of correct discrimination increased up to 79. 6% and 68. 6%,respectively. It was found that stable isotopes in combination with organic component analysis could help discriminating the origins of walnuts. In addition,the discrimination rates for discriminating walnuts from different provinces are higher than those for subregions.
引文
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[2]于沛沛,于萌萌,姜启兴,等.不同产地核桃仁的成分分析及营养评价[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(18):296-299.
[3]吴绍洪,潘韬,戴尔阜.植物稳定同位素研究进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(3):1-11.
[4]王洁,石元值,张群峰,等.基于稳定同位素比率差异的西湖龙井茶产地溯源分析[J].同位素,2016,29(3):129-139.
[5]陈历水,丁庆波,苏晓霞,等.碳和氮稳定同位素在黑加仑产地区分中的应用[J].食品科学,2013,34(24):249-253.
[6] PORTARENA S,BALDACCHINI C,BRUGNOLI E. Geographical discrimination of extra-virgin olive oils from the Italian coasts by combining stable isotope data and carotenoid content within a multivariate analysis[J]. Food Chemistry,2017,215(1):1-6.
[7] RIJKE E D,SCHOORL J,CERL C I,et al. The use ofδ2H andδ18O isotopic analyses combined with chemometricsas a traceability tool for the geographical origin of bell peppers[J]. Food Chemistry,2016,204(2):122-128.
[8] GUYONF,AUBERGER P,GAILLARD L,et al.13C/12C isotope ratios of organic acids,glucose and fructose determined by HPLC-CO-IRMS for lemon juices authenticity[J]. Food Chemistry,2014,146(1):36-40.
[9] CAMIN F,LARCHER R,NICOLINI G,et al. Isotopic and elemental data for tracing the origin of European olive oils[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2009,58(1):570-577.
[10]胡桂仙,邵圣枝,张永志,等.杨梅中稳定同位素和多元素特征在其产地溯源中的应用[J].核农学报,2017,31(12):2 450-2 459.
[11] MAGGI L,CAPUONAU,KELLY S D,et al. Geographical origin differentiation of saffron spice(Crocus sativus L. stigmas)-Preliminary investigation using chemical and multi-element(H,C,N)stable isotope analysis[J].Food Chemistry,2011,128(1):543-548.
[12]虎海防,陶秀冬,孙雅丽,等.新疆核桃营养成分产地指纹特征及判别分析[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(10):1 792-1 796.
[13] RAZMKHAH S,RAZAVI S,MOHAMMADIFAR M,et al. Stepwise extraction of lepidium sativum seed gum:physicochemical characterizationand functional properties[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2016,88(9):553-564.
[14]周咏春,樊江文,钟华平,等.青藏高原草地群落植物碳同位素组成与海拔梯度的关系[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(1):120-130.
[15]郭波莉,魏益民,潘家荣.同位素指纹分析技术在食品产地溯源中的应用进展[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(3):284-289.
[16] FRANCEY R,FARQUHAR G. An explanation of13C/12C variations in tree rings[J]. Nature,1982,279(12):28-31.
[17]王国安,韩家懋,周力平.中国北方C3植物碳同位素组成与年均温度关系[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):55-57.
[18] YE Nengshang,ZHANG Liqinn,GU Xuexin. Discrimination of green teas from different geographical origins by using HS-SPME/GC-MS and pattern recognition methods[J]. Food Analytical Methods,2012,5(4):856-860.
[19]马奕颜,郭波莉,魏益民,等.稳定同位素-有机成分结合判别猕猴桃的产地来源[J].中国食品学报,2015,15(8):238-244.
[20]罗伦,余武生,万诗敏,等.植物叶片水稳定同位素研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1 031-1 041.
[21] BONTEMPO L,CAMIN F,LARCHER R,et al. Coast and year effect on H,O and C stable isotope ratios of Tyrrhenian and Adriatic italian olive oils[J]. Rapid Commun Mass Sp,2009,23(7):1 043-1 048.
[22]杨国华,刘福旭.稳定同位素[M].北京:原子能出版社,1988.
[23]林光辉.稳定同位素生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
[24] KORNEXL B E,WERNER T,ROSSMANN A,et al.Measurement of stable isotope abundances in milk and milk ingredients-a possible tool for origin assignment and quality control[J]. Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und-Forschung A,1997,205(1):19-24.
[25] ARANIBAR J N,OTTER L,MACKO S A,et al. Nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant system along a precipitation gradient inthe Kalahari sands[J]. Global Change Biology,2004,10(6):359-373.
[26]袁玉伟,张志恒,杨桂玲,等.氮稳定同位素的印迹规律与有机食品鉴别[J].核农学报,2009,23(4):659-663.