图书馆参与政府数据开放运动的驱动因素、实践发展与启示
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摘要
文章旨在探讨图书馆参与政府数据开放的驱动因素,图书馆在政府数据开放中扮演的角色、相关实践以及对我国的启示,以期发掘图书馆在政府数据开放中的价值。通过对国外图书馆的实践进行总结分析,发现图书馆能在数据创建与采集、元数据设计、数据组织与发布、数据资源整合平台建设、公民创新、数据素养教育等方面发挥积极作用,促进政府数据开放。我国图书馆应加强对政府数据开放的认识,制定符合开放数据原则的元数据标准,加强与利益相关者的合作,积极开展政府数据开放活动,加强数据素养教育,以推动我国政府数据开放的有序有效进行,释放开放政府数据的价值。
This paper aims to discuss the driving factors and practices of libraries participation and its roles in govern-ment open data, and to provide some inspiration for China. It is also expected to find out libraries' value in governmentopen data. The paper is mainly based on analyzing practice of foreign libraries.It is concluded that libraries play an ac-tive role in data creation, collection, metadata schema design, data organization and publication, data integration plat-form constriction, citizen innovation and data literacy education, promoting government open data. The paper advocatesfor strengthening understanding of government open data, formulating metadata standards accorded to open data princi-ples, enhancing cooperation with stakeholders, carrying out government open data activities, and building up data litera-cy education so as to promote the implementation of opening government data in China, as well as to release thevalue ofgovernment open data.
This paper aims to discuss the driving factors and practices of libraries participation and its roles in govern-ment open data, and to provide some inspiration for China. It is also expected to find out libraries' value in governmentopen data. The paper is mainly based on analyzing practice of foreign libraries.It is concluded that libraries play an ac-tive role in data creation, collection, metadata schema design, data organization and publication, data integration plat-form constriction, citizen innovation and data literacy education, promoting government open data. The paper advocatesfor strengthening understanding of government open data, formulating metadata standards accorded to open data princi-ples, enhancing cooperation with stakeholders, carrying out government open data activities, and building up data litera-cy education so as to promote the implementation of opening government data in China, as well as to release thevalue ofgovernment open data.
引文
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[3]朱贝,盛小平.英国政府开放数据政策研究[J].图书馆论坛, 2016, 36(3):121-126.
[4]黄如花,林焱.法国政府数据开放共享的政策法规保障及对我国的启示[J].图书馆, 2017(3):1-6.
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[9]司林波,刘畅,孟卫东.政府数据开放的价值及面临的问题与路径选择[J].图书馆学研究,2017(14):79-84.
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[30] Hivon J, Tiah R. Conceptualizing citizen participation in open data use at the city level[J]. Transforming Government People Process&Policy, 2017, 11(1):99-118.
[31] Sayogo D S, Wang S, Yuli C. The values of public library in promoting an open government environment[C]//International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Research. ACM, 2016:481-490.
[32] Not just for Books:Public Library Partnering with Police to Engage Communities with Open Data[EB/OL].[2018-02-13].https://www.policedatainitiative.org/not-just-for-books/.
[33] ALA. State of America's Libraries Report 2017[EB/OL].[2018-01-13].http://www.ala.org/news/sites/ala.org.news/files/content/State-of-Americas-Libraries-Report-2017.pdf.
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[35]黄如花,王春迎.我国政府数据开放平台现状调查与分析[J].情报理论与实践, 2016, 39(7):50-55.
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[38]广东省经济和信息化委员会.数据开放和共享系列标准正式发布[EB/OL].[2018-02-13].http://www.gdei.gov.cn/ywfl/dsjgl/201802/t20180201_128759.htm.
[39] Susha I,?ke Gr?nlund, Janssen M. Organizational measures to stimulate user engagement with open data[J]. Transforming Government People Process&Policy, 2014, 9(2):181-206.
[40] OECD Library. Open Government Data:Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives[EB/OL].[2018-01-28].http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/open-govern ment-data_5k46bj4f03s7-en.
[41]黄如花,王春迎,周力虹.国外公共图书馆开放数据服务实践分析及对我国的启示[J].图书情报与工作,2018,62(13):139-144.
[42]上海图书馆.上海图书馆2018开放数据应用开发竞赛公告[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].http://beta.library.sh.cn/SHLibrary/newsinfo.aspx?id=500.
[2]蔡婧璇,黄如花.美国政府数据开放的政策法规保障及对我国的启示[J].图书与情报,2017(1):10-17.
[3]朱贝,盛小平.英国政府开放数据政策研究[J].图书馆论坛, 2016, 36(3):121-126.
[4]黄如花,林焱.法国政府数据开放共享的政策法规保障及对我国的启示[J].图书馆, 2017(3):1-6.
[5]中共中央办公厅,国务院办公厅.关于全面推进政务公开工作的意见[EB/OL].[2018-03-028].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-02/17/content_5042791.htm?from=bdhdsite.
[6]国务院办公厅.政务信息系统整合共享实施方案[EB/OL].[2018-03-28]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-05/18/content_5194971.htm.
[7] Afful-Dadzie E, Afful-Dadzie A. Liberation of public data:exploring central themes in open government data and freedom of information research[J]. International Journal of Information Management, 2017(6):664-673.
[8]王法硕,王翔.我国政府数据开放利用的影响因素与实现路径——一项基于扎根理论的质性研究[J].情报杂志,2016,35(7):151-157.
[9]司林波,刘畅,孟卫东.政府数据开放的价值及面临的问题与路径选择[J].图书馆学研究,2017(14):79-84.
[10]吴建中.再议图书馆发展的十个热门话题[J].中国图书馆学报, 2017, 43(4):4-17.
[11] IFLA. Libraries, Development and the United Nations 2030Agenda[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].https://www.ifla.org/libraries-d evelopment.
[12]晁明娣.美国图书馆协会年度报告解读与思考[J].图书馆工作与研究, 2017, 1(4):17-22.
[13]周文杰.公益性信息服务能够促进信息公平吗?——公共图书馆对信息贫富分化的干预效果考察[J].中国图书馆学报,2015,41(4):40-54.
[14] Faniel I, Conaway L. Librarians'perspectives on the factors influencing research data management programs[J]. College&Research Libraries, 2017, 79(1):100-110.
[15] IFLA. Libraries Lead in the War on Information Poverty:IFLA Addresses UN Commission on Social Development[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].https://www.ifla.org/node/25586?og=7409.
[16] IFLA. Libraries Must Change their Mindset:IFLA. President Interview with Livres Hebdo[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].https://www.ifla.org/node/25481?og=7409.
[17]国务院.国务院关于印发促进大数据发展行动纲要的通知[EB/OL].[2017-09-28].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-09/05/content_10137.htm.
[18] Knight Foundation. Open Data to Open Knowledge[EB/OL].[2018-01-25]. https://www.knightfoundation.org/grants/201550349/.
[19] Chorley K M. The challenges presented to records management by open government data in the public sector in England:a case study[J]. Records Management Journal, 2017, 27(2):149-158.
[20] Reiche K J, H?fig E, Schieferdecker I. Assessment and Visualization of metadata quality for open government data[C].Proceedings of the International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government, Danube University Krems, Austria,2014, 335-346.
[21] Frederick D E. Data, Open science and libraries-the data deluge column[J]. Library Hi Tech News, 2016, 33(8):11-16.
[22] Government of Canada. Government of Canada Core Subject Thesaurus in SKOS/RDF format[EB/OL].[2018-03-12].https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/news/Pages/Archived%20news/2012/government-of-canada-core-subject-thesaurus-in-skos-rdf-format.aspx.
[23] Reinhalter L, Rachel J. The library:big data’s boomtown[J]. Serials Librarian, 2014, 67(4):363-372.
[24] NOAA Central Library[EB/OL].[2018-03-12].https://www.lib.noaa.gov/.
[25] The Dataverse Project. Harvard Dataverse[EB/OL].[2018-03-18]. https://dataverse.harvard.edu/.
[26] ClinicalTrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov Background[EB/OL].[2018-01-20]. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-site/background.
[27] Max Planck Digital Library. Service Catalog[EB/OL].[2018-02-21]. https://www.mpdl.mpg.de/en/services/service-catalog.html.
[28] National Library of Australia. About Trove[EB/OL].[2017-12-21]. http://trove.nla.gov.au/general/about.
[29] Chattanooga Public Library. Chattanooga Open Data Portal[EB/OL].[2017-12-21]. https://data.chattlibrary.org/.
[30] Hivon J, Tiah R. Conceptualizing citizen participation in open data use at the city level[J]. Transforming Government People Process&Policy, 2017, 11(1):99-118.
[31] Sayogo D S, Wang S, Yuli C. The values of public library in promoting an open government environment[C]//International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Research. ACM, 2016:481-490.
[32] Not just for Books:Public Library Partnering with Police to Engage Communities with Open Data[EB/OL].[2018-02-13].https://www.policedatainitiative.org/not-just-for-books/.
[33] ALA. State of America's Libraries Report 2017[EB/OL].[2018-01-13].http://www.ala.org/news/sites/ala.org.news/files/content/State-of-Americas-Libraries-Report-2017.pdf.
[34]翟军,于梦月,林岩.世界主要政府开放数据元数据方案比较与启示[J].图书与情报, 2017(4):113-121.
[35]黄如花,王春迎.我国政府数据开放平台现状调查与分析[J].情报理论与实践, 2016, 39(7):50-55.
[36] Project Open Data. Project Open Data Metadata Schema v1.1[EB/OL].[2018-06-13].https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/.
[37]贵州省政府数据开放平台.贵州省地方标准—政府数据资源目录第1部分:元数据描述规范[EB/OL].[2017-02-13].https://www.gzdata.com.cn/c77/20170507/i589.html.
[38]广东省经济和信息化委员会.数据开放和共享系列标准正式发布[EB/OL].[2018-02-13].http://www.gdei.gov.cn/ywfl/dsjgl/201802/t20180201_128759.htm.
[39] Susha I,?ke Gr?nlund, Janssen M. Organizational measures to stimulate user engagement with open data[J]. Transforming Government People Process&Policy, 2014, 9(2):181-206.
[40] OECD Library. Open Government Data:Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives[EB/OL].[2018-01-28].http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/open-govern ment-data_5k46bj4f03s7-en.
[41]黄如花,王春迎,周力虹.国外公共图书馆开放数据服务实践分析及对我国的启示[J].图书情报与工作,2018,62(13):139-144.
[42]上海图书馆.上海图书馆2018开放数据应用开发竞赛公告[EB/OL].[2018-03-28].http://beta.library.sh.cn/SHLibrary/newsinfo.aspx?id=500.