从多重文献所见杞国族看夏朝存在的踪迹
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摘要
夏朝在中国传统历史上的信史地位,过去曾发生过动摇,主要是由于彼时疑古思潮的兴起。至今仍有个别学者坚持认为甲骨卜辞不见任何有关夏的记载,夏朝是人们杜撰出来的朝代。实际上,文献所载夏后氏的后裔,就是甲骨卜辞中的杞国族,其活动地域与周代杞国的始封地或迁徙地大体一致,证明夏朝的存在不仅见于传世文献,而且在甲骨卜辞和考古资料中也可以找到踪迹。有关疑古疑夏的说法,没有科学根据,不可凭信。
As for the question of whether there is a Xia dynasty in history, some scholars doubted it due to the rise of the ancient thoughts in the past, and now some scholars still insist that there is no record of the Xia dynasty in oracle inscriptions on the cow bone.The Xia dynasty was imagined by people. In fact, the QI people inscribed in the oracle-bone are the descendants of Xiahoushi written in the literatures, whose area of common people lives is roughly accorded with the orignial feudal land or immigrant area of Zhou dynasty, which proves that the existence of the Xia dynasty is not only found in the existing literature, but also found in oracle-bone inscriptions and archaeological material. There is no scientific basis about the theory of non-existent Xia dynasty.
As for the question of whether there is a Xia dynasty in history, some scholars doubted it due to the rise of the ancient thoughts in the past, and now some scholars still insist that there is no record of the Xia dynasty in oracle inscriptions on the cow bone.The Xia dynasty was imagined by people. In fact, the QI people inscribed in the oracle-bone are the descendants of Xiahoushi written in the literatures, whose area of common people lives is roughly accorded with the orignial feudal land or immigrant area of Zhou dynasty, which proves that the existence of the Xia dynasty is not only found in the existing literature, but also found in oracle-bone inscriptions and archaeological material. There is no scientific basis about the theory of non-existent Xia dynasty.
引文
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[3] 林宝.元和姓纂[M].北京:中华书局,1994.
[4] 陈彭年.大宋重修广韵[M].南京:江苏教育出版社,2002.
[5] 乐史.太平寰宇记影印本[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[6] 韦昭.国语[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1978.
[7] 李山.管子·大匡[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
[8] 宋衷.世本八种[M].北京:中华书局,2008.
[9] 方向东.大戴礼记会校集解[M].北京:北京:中华书局,2008.
[10] 杨伯峻.春秋左传注[M]..北京:中华书局,2009(2015重印).
[11] 张燕英译注.论语[M].北京:中华书局,2007(重印).
[12] 沈长云.说殷周古文字中的杞:兼说夏后区后裔的迁播[M]//王尹成.杞文化与新泰.北京:中国文联出版社,2000.
[13] 谭其骧.《汉书·地理志》选释[M].北京:科学出版社,1959.
[14] 罗泌.路史[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社影印《中华再造善本》,2003.
[15] 王国维.观堂集林(外二种)[M].石家庄:河北教育出版社,2001.
[16] 沈长云.上古史探研[M].北京:中华书局出版社,2002.
[17] 杜勇.中国早期的国家形成与国家结构[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2013.
[18] 丘刚.开封考古发现与研究[M].郑州:中州古籍出版社,1998.
[19] 李学勤.夏商周断代工程与古代文明研究[J].天津师范大学学报,2003(1):25-26.