滇越边境哈尼族跨国婚姻的“制度路径”探索分析
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摘要
分布在滇越边境线上的口岸和无数民间通道为跨境流动提供了便利条件,加之相似文化和生活方式的影响,自古以来滇越边境哈尼族就有着跨国通婚的传统。随着我国综合实力的水平提高,打破了原先滇越边境跨国婚相互流动的格局,越来越多的越南女子通过"非法"方式嫁入中国,并呈"一边倒"趋势,出现女方入境通婚多,男方出境通婚少的局面。非法跨国婚姻给边境地区带来的诸多的社会问题,亟需从国家正式制度中寻求解决的路径,在分析非法婚姻存在现实及困境的基础上,从"树立法律意识、特聘当地人、降低婚姻成本"等方面提出了解决路径。
According to the 2010 demographic data, there are 1.60 million Hani people in China and 40,000 Hani people in Vietnam(including Shiraz and Gong), many are very close to the border. These large numbers of Hani people exchange frequently based on blood,kinship and geography. This kind of communication not only has a simple material exchange, but also various forms of marriage. Before the establishment of the national border of the modern nation-state, the marital nature of the Hani people at the Sino-Vietnamese border did not matter whether it was "legitimate" or "illegal". However, under the game of state power, the free will of the cross-border ethnic groups' marriage was lost and integrated into the different national legal systems of the two countries, resulting in the "legitimate" and"illegal" status of the Hani transnational marriage between China and Vietnam. As a passive subject under the modern legal framework,the "illegal" transnational marriages of Hani kids and their family often do not enjoy the legitimate rights and interests conferred by the state. The plight of the illegal transnational marriage of the Hani people at the Sino-Vietnamese border needs to be solved through the formal system of the state.
According to the 2010 demographic data, there are 1.60 million Hani people in China and 40,000 Hani people in Vietnam(including Shiraz and Gong), many are very close to the border. These large numbers of Hani people exchange frequently based on blood,kinship and geography. This kind of communication not only has a simple material exchange, but also various forms of marriage. Before the establishment of the national border of the modern nation-state, the marital nature of the Hani people at the Sino-Vietnamese border did not matter whether it was "legitimate" or "illegal". However, under the game of state power, the free will of the cross-border ethnic groups' marriage was lost and integrated into the different national legal systems of the two countries, resulting in the "legitimate" and"illegal" status of the Hani transnational marriage between China and Vietnam. As a passive subject under the modern legal framework,the "illegal" transnational marriages of Hani kids and their family often do not enjoy the legitimate rights and interests conferred by the state. The plight of the illegal transnational marriage of the Hani people at the Sino-Vietnamese border needs to be solved through the formal system of the state.
引文
[1]郑宇.跨国婚姻关系与边疆民族社会变迁--以中越边境红岩寨苗族为例[J].学术探索,2009(5).
[2]罗文青.和平与交往:广西边境地区跨国婚姻问题初探[J].《广西师范大学学报》,2006(1).
[3]王越平,陈民炎.资源整合与情感理性--滇越边境河口县城跨国婚姻的个案研究[J].西南边疆民族研究,2016(15).
[4]保跃平.选择与困境:云南边境跨国婚姻的社会学分析[J].北方民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(4).
[5]吴兴帜.中越跨境民族交往与边民社会治理研究--以云南省河口、金平县为例[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(2)
[6][美]道格拉斯·诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济成就[M].上海三联书店出版社,1994:79.
[7]崔海洋,张琳杰.中国与东盟各国间跨境民族之由来与现状[J].西南边疆民族研究,2014(12).
[8][美]加里·S贝克尔.人类行为的经济分析[M].王业宇,陈琪译.格物出版社,2010:109.
[9]李开元.中越边境跨国婚姻制度与功能研究[D].广西民族大学,2012.
[10]周建新.中越边境跨国婚姻女性及其子女的身份困境:广西大新县A村个案为例[J].思想战线,2008(4).
(1)a.董建中.云南边境民族地区跨境婚姻问题研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(5);b.范宏贵.中越两国跨境民族概述[J].民族研究,1999(6);c.罗文青.和平与交往:广西边境地区跨国婚姻问题初探[J].广西师范大学学报,2006(1);d.张峰峰.中越边境跨国民族社会中的跨国婚姻问题分析[J].原生态民族文化学刊,2012(2);e.李碧华.游离于社会之外的群体--广西天等县中越跨境非法婚姻调查[J].东南亚纵横,2008(9);f.罗柳宁,吴俊杰.中越边境跨国婚姻研究现状及研究设想[J].东南亚纵横,2009(1);j.吴兴帜.中越跨境民族交往与边民社会治理研究--以云南省河口、金平县为例[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(2).
(2)被访谈人:越南妇女LY.访谈地点:河口县槟榔路奶茶店.访谈时间:2016-07-15.
(3)被访谈人:越南妇女CW.访谈地点:河口县越南街小卖铺.访谈时间:2016-07-18.
(4)被访谈人:朱伟.访谈地点:金平县普玛村委会办公室.访谈时间:2017-08-23.
(5)被访谈人:越南妇女XSH.访谈地点:河口县口岸附近.访谈时间:2016-07-18.
[2]罗文青.和平与交往:广西边境地区跨国婚姻问题初探[J].《广西师范大学学报》,2006(1).
[3]王越平,陈民炎.资源整合与情感理性--滇越边境河口县城跨国婚姻的个案研究[J].西南边疆民族研究,2016(15).
[4]保跃平.选择与困境:云南边境跨国婚姻的社会学分析[J].北方民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(4).
[5]吴兴帜.中越跨境民族交往与边民社会治理研究--以云南省河口、金平县为例[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(2)
[6][美]道格拉斯·诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济成就[M].上海三联书店出版社,1994:79.
[7]崔海洋,张琳杰.中国与东盟各国间跨境民族之由来与现状[J].西南边疆民族研究,2014(12).
[8][美]加里·S贝克尔.人类行为的经济分析[M].王业宇,陈琪译.格物出版社,2010:109.
[9]李开元.中越边境跨国婚姻制度与功能研究[D].广西民族大学,2012.
[10]周建新.中越边境跨国婚姻女性及其子女的身份困境:广西大新县A村个案为例[J].思想战线,2008(4).
(1)a.董建中.云南边境民族地区跨境婚姻问题研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(5);b.范宏贵.中越两国跨境民族概述[J].民族研究,1999(6);c.罗文青.和平与交往:广西边境地区跨国婚姻问题初探[J].广西师范大学学报,2006(1);d.张峰峰.中越边境跨国民族社会中的跨国婚姻问题分析[J].原生态民族文化学刊,2012(2);e.李碧华.游离于社会之外的群体--广西天等县中越跨境非法婚姻调查[J].东南亚纵横,2008(9);f.罗柳宁,吴俊杰.中越边境跨国婚姻研究现状及研究设想[J].东南亚纵横,2009(1);j.吴兴帜.中越跨境民族交往与边民社会治理研究--以云南省河口、金平县为例[J].青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(2).
(2)被访谈人:越南妇女LY.访谈地点:河口县槟榔路奶茶店.访谈时间:2016-07-15.
(3)被访谈人:越南妇女CW.访谈地点:河口县越南街小卖铺.访谈时间:2016-07-18.
(4)被访谈人:朱伟.访谈地点:金平县普玛村委会办公室.访谈时间:2017-08-23.
(5)被访谈人:越南妇女XSH.访谈地点:河口县口岸附近.访谈时间:2016-07-18.