架间定向水力压裂提高含夹矸巨厚煤层冒放性研究
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摘要
为改善含厚硬夹矸难冒顶煤的冒放性,以芦子沟煤矿合层开采的巨厚煤层作为工程研究背景,基于弹性力学理论研究硬厚夹矸层的力学结构,得出了厚硬夹矸层"短悬臂梁"结构发生拉断失稳和剪切破断失稳条件下的判据公式,作为确定架间定向水力压裂致裂夹矸层分段切槽的依据。同时结合KZ54型开槽钻钻头特征,将夹矸层分段致裂长度定为0.8 m。研究结果表明:水力压裂水压曲线波动变化不大,表明裂缝持续向前扩展;致裂后煤矸块度减小,顶煤体顺利放出;3107工作面上端头顶煤致裂后支架工作阻力增加;架间定向水力压裂技术有利于改善顶煤冒放性。
In order to improve caving and drawing characteristics of extremely thick coal seam with dirt band,authors studied the mechanical structure of hard and thick dirt band with elastic mechanics theory,based on commingled production engineering of extremely thick coal seam at Luzigou Mine. The "short cantilever"structure formulas of hard and thick dirt band were obtained,when the structure occurred tensile failure and shear localization. They were the main basis of piecewise slotting,when directional hydraulic fracturing between supports was used to crack dirt band. The fracturing piecewise length was determined as 0. 8 m,in view of the KZ54 Type slotting drill features. The study results showed that the fracturing pressure curves fluctuated little,which showed that cracks continued to expand forward; after fracturing,blocks of dirt band and coal were decreased,and top coal were out smoothly; working resistance of supports increased at the upper end of the No. 3107 face after fracturing. Directional hydraulic fracturing between supports helps to improve top coal caving.
In order to improve caving and drawing characteristics of extremely thick coal seam with dirt band,authors studied the mechanical structure of hard and thick dirt band with elastic mechanics theory,based on commingled production engineering of extremely thick coal seam at Luzigou Mine. The "short cantilever"structure formulas of hard and thick dirt band were obtained,when the structure occurred tensile failure and shear localization. They were the main basis of piecewise slotting,when directional hydraulic fracturing between supports was used to crack dirt band. The fracturing piecewise length was determined as 0. 8 m,in view of the KZ54 Type slotting drill features. The study results showed that the fracturing pressure curves fluctuated little,which showed that cracks continued to expand forward; after fracturing,blocks of dirt band and coal were decreased,and top coal were out smoothly; working resistance of supports increased at the upper end of the No. 3107 face after fracturing. Directional hydraulic fracturing between supports helps to improve top coal caving.
引文
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[15]刘军,李国宏,佟敬勋,等.水力压裂在综采二分层顶煤大块治理中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2002,33(7):30-32.Liu Jun,Li Guohong,Tong Jingxun,et al.Application of hydraulic fracturing in dealing with block in roof of the second slice in fully-mechanized mining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2002,33(7):30-32.
[16]杨敬轩,鲁岩,刘长友,等.坚硬厚顶板条件下岩层破断及工作面矿压显现特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):211-217.Yang Jingxuan,Lu Yan,Liu Changyou,et al.Analysis on the rock failure and strata behavior characteristics under the condition of hard and thick roof[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):211-217.
[17]康红普,林健,颜立新,等.山西煤矿矿区井下地应力场分布特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1782-1792.Kang Hongpu,Lin Jian,Yan Lixin,et al.Study on characteristics of underground in-situ stress distribution in Shanxi coal mining fields[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(7):1782-1792.
[18]郦正能,张纪奎.工程断裂力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2012:19-30.
[2]马文强,王同旭,马凯.高韧性煤层综放开采难冒放机理及弱化效果研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(10):56-60,143.Ma Wenqiang,Wang Tongxu,Ma Kai.Study on difficult falling mechanism and weakening effect of fully-mechanized top coal caving mining in high ductibility seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(10):56-60,143.
[3]张顶立,王悦汉,曲天智.夹层对层状岩体稳定性的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):140-144.Zhang Dingli,Wang Yuehan,Qu Tianzhi.Influence analysis of interband on stability of stratified rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):140-144.
[4]解兴智,赵铁林.浅埋坚硬特厚煤层综放开采顶煤冒放结构分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):359-366.Xie Xingzhi,Zhao Tielin.Analysis on the top-coal caving structure of extra-thick hard coalseam with shallow depth in fully mechanized sublevel caving mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):359-366.
[5]贾永军.含夹矸厚煤层综放开采技术分析[J].煤矿开采,2002,7(1):22-24.Jia Yongjun.Analysis of longwall top coal caving in thick seams with parting band[J].Coal Mining Technology,2002,7(1):22-24.
[6]冯宇峰,欧阳振华,邓志刚,等.含夹矸特厚煤层综放工作面顶煤破碎机理分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(1):120-125.Feng Yufeng,Ouyang Zhenhua,Deng Zhigang,et al.Analysis on top coal breaking mechanism of fully-mechanized cavingmining face in ultra thick seam with parting[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(1):120-125.
[7]左建平,孙运江,姜广辉,等.浅埋工作面顶板预裂分形爆破力学与模拟分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(6):33-38.Zuo Jianping,Sun Yunjiang,Jiang Guanghui,et al.Analysis on mechanical behavior and simulation of roof fractal pre-splitting blasting in shallow depth coal mining face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(6):33-38.
[8]史元伟,宁宇,魏景云.采煤工作面围岩控制原理和技术(下)[M].中国矿业大学出版社,2003:29-110.
[9]Hubbert M K,Willis D G.Mechanics of hydraulic fracturing[J].Transactions of Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME,1957,210:153-168.
[10]李芷,贾长贵,杨春和,等.页岩水力压裂水力裂缝与层理面扩展规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):12-20.Li Zhi,Jia Changgui,Yang Chunhe,et al.Propagation of hydraulic fissures and bedding planes in hydraulic fracturing of shale[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(1):12-20.
[11]陈勉,庞飞,金衍.大尺寸真三轴水力压裂模拟与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(S1):868-872.Chen Mian,Pang Fei,Jin Yan.Experiments and analysis on hydraulic fracturing by a large-size triaxial simulator[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(S1):868-872.
[12]闫少宏,宁宇,康立军,等.用水力压裂处理坚硬顶板的机理及实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(1):32-35.Yan Shaohong,Ning Yu,Kang Lijun,et al.The mechanism of hydro breakage to control hard roof and its test study[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2000,25(1):32-35.
[13]黄炳香,王友壮.顶板钻孔割缝导向水压裂缝扩展的现场试验[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(9):2002-2008.Huang Bingxiang,Wang Youzhuang.Field investigation on crack propagation of directional hydraulic fracturing in hard roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(9):2002-2008.
[14]冯彦军,康红普.定向水力压裂控制煤矿坚硬难垮顶板试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1148-1155.Feng Yanjun,Kang Hongpu.Test on hard and stable roof control by means of directional hydraulic fracturing in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1148-1155.
[15]刘军,李国宏,佟敬勋,等.水力压裂在综采二分层顶煤大块治理中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2002,33(7):30-32.Liu Jun,Li Guohong,Tong Jingxun,et al.Application of hydraulic fracturing in dealing with block in roof of the second slice in fully-mechanized mining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2002,33(7):30-32.
[16]杨敬轩,鲁岩,刘长友,等.坚硬厚顶板条件下岩层破断及工作面矿压显现特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):211-217.Yang Jingxuan,Lu Yan,Liu Changyou,et al.Analysis on the rock failure and strata behavior characteristics under the condition of hard and thick roof[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):211-217.
[17]康红普,林健,颜立新,等.山西煤矿矿区井下地应力场分布特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1782-1792.Kang Hongpu,Lin Jian,Yan Lixin,et al.Study on characteristics of underground in-situ stress distribution in Shanxi coal mining fields[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(7):1782-1792.
[18]郦正能,张纪奎.工程断裂力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2012:19-30.