切顶卸压自动成巷岩层运动规律物理模拟实验
|
摘要
为研究切顶卸压自动成巷无煤柱开采(110工法)工艺条件下上覆岩层运动规律及留巷效果,以店坪煤矿5–200工作面工程实例为原型,开展岩层运动尺度110工法物理模拟实验研究。采用石膏粉、细河沙、重晶石粉等相似材料构造砂质泥岩、中砂岩、石灰岩以及煤岩4种岩层;根据不同推进尺度沿煤层走向设计6种开挖步骤,用于观测有不同开挖阶段下的上覆岩层的垮落规律及留巷围岩的变形特征。实验中,采用可见成像、高精度数字散斑成像以及现场人工素描等方法来观测岩层的垮落规律。研究结果表明:当工作面开挖12 m,直接顶完全垮落;工作面开挖16m,基本顶完全垮落,工作面开挖20m,上覆岩层垮落达到稳定状态。受切缝影响,覆岩运动前期切缝侧岩层超前于未切缝一侧垮落,且位移大于未切缝一侧;后期由于岩层的碎胀性,切缝侧采空区填充效果较好,其垂向位移小于未切缝侧,且离层多集中于未切缝侧。全场位移云图及巷道顶底板位移监测表明,顶板垂向位移最大10mm,底板垂向位移最大4mm,围岩稳定性较好,说明通过顶板预裂切缝,有效缓解巷道围岩压力,控制围岩变形。
The movement of overlying strata and the effect of retaining roadway under the automatic roadway forming by roof cutting and pressure releasing without coal pillar mining(working method 110) was studied through physical modelling test to the working face 5–200 of Dianping coal mine. Four kinds of rock strata including the sandy mudstone,medium sandstone,limestone and coal rock were constructed by using gesso,fine sand,barite powder and other similar materials. Six excavation steps were designed along the coal seam strike according to different propulsion scales. The collapse of overlying strata under different excavation stages and the deformation characteristics of surrounding rock of retaining roadway were observed. In the experiment,the visible imaging,high-precision digital speckle imaging and artificial sketching were used to observe the regularity of rock strata caving. The research results show that when the working face is excavated upto 12 m,the immediate roof collapsed completely. When the working face is excavated upto 16 m,the main roof collapsed completely. When the working face is excavated upto 20 m,the overlying strata collapse reaches a stable state. Under the influence of roof cutting,in the early stage of overlying strata movement,the rock strata on the side of roof cutting collapses earlier than that on the side of the uncut side,and the displacement is larger than that of the uncut side. In the later stage,due to the dilation of the strata,the filling effect of the gob on the side of roof cutting is better,the overall vertical displacement is smaller than the uncut side,and the abscission layer is concentrated mostly on the uncut side. The whole field displacement contours and the displacement monitoring of roadway roof and floor indicate that the maximum vertical displacement of the roof is 10 mm,the minimum vertical displacement of the floor is 4 mm,and the stability of the surrounding rock is better. It is shown that through the presplitting of the cutting slots on the roof,the surrounding rock pressure can be effectively relieved and the surrounding rock deformation can be controlled.
The movement of overlying strata and the effect of retaining roadway under the automatic roadway forming by roof cutting and pressure releasing without coal pillar mining(working method 110) was studied through physical modelling test to the working face 5–200 of Dianping coal mine. Four kinds of rock strata including the sandy mudstone,medium sandstone,limestone and coal rock were constructed by using gesso,fine sand,barite powder and other similar materials. Six excavation steps were designed along the coal seam strike according to different propulsion scales. The collapse of overlying strata under different excavation stages and the deformation characteristics of surrounding rock of retaining roadway were observed. In the experiment,the visible imaging,high-precision digital speckle imaging and artificial sketching were used to observe the regularity of rock strata caving. The research results show that when the working face is excavated upto 12 m,the immediate roof collapsed completely. When the working face is excavated upto 16 m,the main roof collapsed completely. When the working face is excavated upto 20 m,the overlying strata collapse reaches a stable state. Under the influence of roof cutting,in the early stage of overlying strata movement,the rock strata on the side of roof cutting collapses earlier than that on the side of the uncut side,and the displacement is larger than that of the uncut side. In the later stage,due to the dilation of the strata,the filling effect of the gob on the side of roof cutting is better,the overall vertical displacement is smaller than the uncut side,and the abscission layer is concentrated mostly on the uncut side. The whole field displacement contours and the displacement monitoring of roadway roof and floor indicate that the maximum vertical displacement of the roof is 10 mm,the minimum vertical displacement of the floor is 4 mm,and the stability of the surrounding rock is better. It is shown that through the presplitting of the cutting slots on the roof,the surrounding rock pressure can be effectively relieved and the surrounding rock deformation can be controlled.
引文
[1]华心祝.我国沿空留巷支护技术发展现状及改进建议[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,(12):78–81.(HUA Xinzhu. Development status and improvement suggestions for supporting technology of gob side entry retaininginChina[J].CoalScienceandTechnology,2006,(12):78–81.(in Chinese))
[2]张农,韩昌良,郑西贵.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1 635–1 641.(ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,ZHENGXigui.Theoryandpracticeofsurroundingrockcontrolin gob side entry retaining[J]. Chinese Journal of Coal Science,2014,39(8):1 635–1 641.(in Chinese))
[3]柏建彪,周华强,侯朝炯,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护技术的发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):59–62.(BAIJianbiao,ZHOU Huaqiang,HOU Chaojiong,et al. Development of roadside supporting technology in gob side entry retaining[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):59–62.(in Chinese))
[4]张东升,茅献彪,马文顶.综放沿空留巷围岩变形特征的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):331–334.(ZHANG Dongsheng,MAOXianbiao,MAWending.Experimentalstudyon deformationcharacteristicsofsurroundingrockingobsideentry cavingoffullymechanizedcavingface[J].ChineseJournalofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):331–334.(in Chinese))
[5]李化敏.沿空留巷顶板岩层控制设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):651–654.(LI Huamin. Control design of roof strata in gobsideentryretaining[J].ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsand Engineering,2000,19(5):651–654.(in Chinese))
[6]康红普,牛多龙,张镇,等.深部沿空留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1 977–1 987.(KANG Hongpu,NIU Duolong,ZHANG Zhen,et al. Deformation characteristics and support technology of surrounding rock of deep goaf[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1 977–1 987.(in Chinese))
[7]何满潮,宋振骐,王安,等.长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法——第三次矿业科学技术变革[J].煤炭科技,2017,(1):1–9.(HE Manchao,SONG Zhenqi,WANG An,et al. The theory of roof cutting short wall beam in longwall mining and its 110 method of work—thethirdminingscienceandtechnologytransformation[J].Coal Science,2017,(1):1–9.(in Chinese))
[8]高玉兵,杨军,何满潮,等.厚煤层无煤柱切顶成巷碎石帮变形机制及控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学,2017,36(10):2 492–2 502.(GAO Yubing,YANG Jun,HE Manchao,et al. Study onthedeformationmechanismandcontroltechnologyofthe lithotripsy of the thick coal seam with no pillar cutting top[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(10):2 492–2 502.(in Chinese))
[9]何满潮,高玉兵,杨军,等.无煤柱自成巷聚能切缝技术及其对围岩应力演化的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(6):1314–1325.(HEManchao,GAOYubing,YANGJun,etal.The studyontheenergycuttingandslittechnologyoffreepillarandits influenceonthestressevolutionofsurroundingrock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1 314–1 325.(in Chinese))
[10]何满潮,张国锋.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2011,28(4):511–516.(HE Manchao,ZHANGGuofeng.Studyonminingtechnologywithout coalpillaralonggoafroofcuttinginprotectivelayerofwhitelead mine[J].JournalofMiningandSafetyEngineering,2011,28(4):511–516.(in Chinese))
[11]何满潮,高玉兵,杨军,等.厚煤层快速回采切顶卸压无煤柱自成巷工程实验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):254–264.(HE Manchao,GAO Yubing,YANG Jun,et al. The quick recovery of the thick coal seamwiththecuttingandunloadingofthecoalpillarselfentry engineeringtest[J].RockandSoilMechanics, 2018, 39(1):254–264.(in Chinese))
[12]何满潮,陈上元,郭志飚,等.切顶卸压沿空留巷围岩结构控制及其工程应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):959–969.(HE Manchao,CHEN Shangyuan,GUO Zhibiao,et al. Structural control andengineeringapplicationingobsideentryretainingwithroof cuttingandpressurereleasing.[J].JournalofChinaUniversityof Mining and Technology,2017,46(5):959–969.(in Chinese))
[13]郭志飚,王将,曹天培,等.薄煤层切顶卸压自动成巷关键参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):879–885.(GUO Zhibiao,WANGJiang,CAOTianpei,etal.Studyonkeyparametersof automaticroofcuttingandpressurereliefforthincoalseam[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2016,45(5):879–885.(in Chinese))
[14]孙晓明,刘鑫.薄煤层切顶卸压沿空留巷关键参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1 449–1 456.(SUN Xiaoming,LIU Xin.Studyonkeyparametersofthincoalseamtopcuttingand pressure releasing gob side entry retaining[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock MechanicsandEngineering, 2014, 33(7):1449–1456.(in Chinese))
[15]汤建泉,宋文军,宋立兵.切顶卸压沿空留巷切缝设计与研究[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(9):53–55.(TANG Jianquan,SONG Wenjun,SONG Libing,et al. Design and research on roof cutting and pressure releasinggobsideentryretaining[J].SafetyinCoalMine,2016,47(9):53–55.(in Chinese))
[16]张俊云,侯忠杰,田瑞云,等.浅埋采场矿压及覆岩破断规律[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1998,(3):10–12.(ZHANGJunyun,HOU Zhongjie,TIANRuiyun,etal.Miningpressureandoverburden breakinglawofshallowminingstope[J].MinePressureandRoof Management,1998,(3):10–12.(in Chinese))
[17]李建璞.超近距离煤层合层开采顶板灾害相似模拟及控制技术研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国矿业大学,2013.(LIJianpu.Similaritysimulationandcontroltechnologyforroofdisasterin combined mining of ultra short distance coal seam[Ph. D. Thesis][D].Beijing:ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology, 2013.(in Chinese))
[18]彭苏萍,孟召平,李玉林.断层对顶板稳定性影响相似模拟实验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,(3):1–4.(PENGSuping,MENG Zhaoping,LI Yulin. Similarity simulation study on the effect of fault on roof stability[J]. Coalfield Geology and Exploration,2001,(3):1–4.(in Chinese))
[2]张农,韩昌良,郑西贵.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1 635–1 641.(ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,ZHENGXigui.Theoryandpracticeofsurroundingrockcontrolin gob side entry retaining[J]. Chinese Journal of Coal Science,2014,39(8):1 635–1 641.(in Chinese))
[3]柏建彪,周华强,侯朝炯,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护技术的发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):59–62.(BAIJianbiao,ZHOU Huaqiang,HOU Chaojiong,et al. Development of roadside supporting technology in gob side entry retaining[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(2):59–62.(in Chinese))
[4]张东升,茅献彪,马文顶.综放沿空留巷围岩变形特征的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):331–334.(ZHANG Dongsheng,MAOXianbiao,MAWending.Experimentalstudyon deformationcharacteristicsofsurroundingrockingobsideentry cavingoffullymechanizedcavingface[J].ChineseJournalofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):331–334.(in Chinese))
[5]李化敏.沿空留巷顶板岩层控制设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):651–654.(LI Huamin. Control design of roof strata in gobsideentryretaining[J].ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsand Engineering,2000,19(5):651–654.(in Chinese))
[6]康红普,牛多龙,张镇,等.深部沿空留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1 977–1 987.(KANG Hongpu,NIU Duolong,ZHANG Zhen,et al. Deformation characteristics and support technology of surrounding rock of deep goaf[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1 977–1 987.(in Chinese))
[7]何满潮,宋振骐,王安,等.长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法——第三次矿业科学技术变革[J].煤炭科技,2017,(1):1–9.(HE Manchao,SONG Zhenqi,WANG An,et al. The theory of roof cutting short wall beam in longwall mining and its 110 method of work—thethirdminingscienceandtechnologytransformation[J].Coal Science,2017,(1):1–9.(in Chinese))
[8]高玉兵,杨军,何满潮,等.厚煤层无煤柱切顶成巷碎石帮变形机制及控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学,2017,36(10):2 492–2 502.(GAO Yubing,YANG Jun,HE Manchao,et al. Study onthedeformationmechanismandcontroltechnologyofthe lithotripsy of the thick coal seam with no pillar cutting top[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(10):2 492–2 502.(in Chinese))
[9]何满潮,高玉兵,杨军,等.无煤柱自成巷聚能切缝技术及其对围岩应力演化的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(6):1314–1325.(HEManchao,GAOYubing,YANGJun,etal.The studyontheenergycuttingandslittechnologyoffreepillarandits influenceonthestressevolutionofsurroundingrock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1 314–1 325.(in Chinese))
[10]何满潮,张国锋.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2011,28(4):511–516.(HE Manchao,ZHANGGuofeng.Studyonminingtechnologywithout coalpillaralonggoafroofcuttinginprotectivelayerofwhitelead mine[J].JournalofMiningandSafetyEngineering,2011,28(4):511–516.(in Chinese))
[11]何满潮,高玉兵,杨军,等.厚煤层快速回采切顶卸压无煤柱自成巷工程实验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):254–264.(HE Manchao,GAO Yubing,YANG Jun,et al. The quick recovery of the thick coal seamwiththecuttingandunloadingofthecoalpillarselfentry engineeringtest[J].RockandSoilMechanics, 2018, 39(1):254–264.(in Chinese))
[12]何满潮,陈上元,郭志飚,等.切顶卸压沿空留巷围岩结构控制及其工程应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):959–969.(HE Manchao,CHEN Shangyuan,GUO Zhibiao,et al. Structural control andengineeringapplicationingobsideentryretainingwithroof cuttingandpressurereleasing.[J].JournalofChinaUniversityof Mining and Technology,2017,46(5):959–969.(in Chinese))
[13]郭志飚,王将,曹天培,等.薄煤层切顶卸压自动成巷关键参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):879–885.(GUO Zhibiao,WANGJiang,CAOTianpei,etal.Studyonkeyparametersof automaticroofcuttingandpressurereliefforthincoalseam[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2016,45(5):879–885.(in Chinese))
[14]孙晓明,刘鑫.薄煤层切顶卸压沿空留巷关键参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1 449–1 456.(SUN Xiaoming,LIU Xin.Studyonkeyparametersofthincoalseamtopcuttingand pressure releasing gob side entry retaining[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock MechanicsandEngineering, 2014, 33(7):1449–1456.(in Chinese))
[15]汤建泉,宋文军,宋立兵.切顶卸压沿空留巷切缝设计与研究[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(9):53–55.(TANG Jianquan,SONG Wenjun,SONG Libing,et al. Design and research on roof cutting and pressure releasinggobsideentryretaining[J].SafetyinCoalMine,2016,47(9):53–55.(in Chinese))
[16]张俊云,侯忠杰,田瑞云,等.浅埋采场矿压及覆岩破断规律[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1998,(3):10–12.(ZHANGJunyun,HOU Zhongjie,TIANRuiyun,etal.Miningpressureandoverburden breakinglawofshallowminingstope[J].MinePressureandRoof Management,1998,(3):10–12.(in Chinese))
[17]李建璞.超近距离煤层合层开采顶板灾害相似模拟及控制技术研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国矿业大学,2013.(LIJianpu.Similaritysimulationandcontroltechnologyforroofdisasterin combined mining of ultra short distance coal seam[Ph. D. Thesis][D].Beijing:ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology, 2013.(in Chinese))
[18]彭苏萍,孟召平,李玉林.断层对顶板稳定性影响相似模拟实验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,(3):1–4.(PENGSuping,MENG Zhaoping,LI Yulin. Similarity simulation study on the effect of fault on roof stability[J]. Coalfield Geology and Exploration,2001,(3):1–4.(in Chinese))