红壤坡耕地耕层土壤质量特征及障碍因素研究
|
摘要
为探究红壤坡耕地耕层质量特征及其障碍因素,通过野外调查、资料查阅及室内土壤理化性质分析等综合性研究手段,对江西红壤坡耕地耕层土壤质量统计特征、演变特征及主要障碍因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)红壤坡耕地田面坡度主要分布在2~16°之间,耕层平均厚度13.40 cm,有效土层厚度平均88.30 cm,土壤容重平均为1.17 g/cm~3;耕层土壤有机质平均含量19.37 g/kg,土壤pH值平均5.36。(2)红壤坡耕地耕层质量近20年有明显提高,田面坡度从6°降至4°,耕层厚度从13.68 cm增至16.42 cm;耕层土壤有机质含量24.63 g/kg,提高33.93%,全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加10.53%、230.98%、44.18%。(3)红壤坡耕地低产耕层土壤质量的主要障碍因素是土壤养分贫瘠化、粘重化和酸化;花生和木薯低产耕层的土壤容重和粘粒含量均大于高产耕层,而土壤孔隙度、田间持水量、有机质含量及pH值均小于高产耕层,表明高产坡耕地耕层土壤质量优于低产坡耕地。研究结果可为江西红壤坡耕地耕层质量改善和合理耕层构建提供科学参考。
In order to explore the red soil quality and its limitation factors of slope farmland plough layer in Jiangxi province,a systematic analysis of statistical characteristics,evolution and main limitation factors of red soil quality of slope farmland plough layer was made through field surveys,data inspection and laboratory analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the slope of red soil slope farmland was mainly located between 2 ~ 16°,the average thickness of plough layer was 13. 4 cm,the average thickness of effective soil layer was 88. 3 cm,the average value of soil bulk density was 1. 17 g/cm~3,the average value of organic matter content was 19. 37 g/kg,the average value of soil pH was 5. 36. The quality of plough layer in red soil slope farmland had been improved in the past 20 years,the slope of farmland had been reduced from 6°to 4 °,and the thickness of plough layer had been increased from 13. 68 cm to 16. 42 cm,the content of organic matter was 24. 63 g/kg and increased by 33. 93%,the content of total nitrogen,active phosphorus and available potassium increased by 10. 53%,230. 98% and 44. 18% respectively. The main obstacle factors of soil quality of low yield plough layer in red soil slope farmland were the soil nutrient depletion,viscosity and acidification. The soil bulk density and clay content of the low yield plough layer of peanut and cassava were higher than that of high yield plough layer,and soil porosity,field holding water,organic matter content and pH value were lower than that of high yield plough layer. The soil quality of high yield plough layer was better than low yield plough layer in red soil slope farmland. The research results could provide a scientific reference for the improvement of red soil quality and the construction of reasonable slope farmland plough layer in Jiangxi province.
In order to explore the red soil quality and its limitation factors of slope farmland plough layer in Jiangxi province,a systematic analysis of statistical characteristics,evolution and main limitation factors of red soil quality of slope farmland plough layer was made through field surveys,data inspection and laboratory analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the slope of red soil slope farmland was mainly located between 2 ~ 16°,the average thickness of plough layer was 13. 4 cm,the average thickness of effective soil layer was 88. 3 cm,the average value of soil bulk density was 1. 17 g/cm~3,the average value of organic matter content was 19. 37 g/kg,the average value of soil pH was 5. 36. The quality of plough layer in red soil slope farmland had been improved in the past 20 years,the slope of farmland had been reduced from 6°to 4 °,and the thickness of plough layer had been increased from 13. 68 cm to 16. 42 cm,the content of organic matter was 24. 63 g/kg and increased by 33. 93%,the content of total nitrogen,active phosphorus and available potassium increased by 10. 53%,230. 98% and 44. 18% respectively. The main obstacle factors of soil quality of low yield plough layer in red soil slope farmland were the soil nutrient depletion,viscosity and acidification. The soil bulk density and clay content of the low yield plough layer of peanut and cassava were higher than that of high yield plough layer,and soil porosity,field holding water,organic matter content and pH value were lower than that of high yield plough layer. The soil quality of high yield plough layer was better than low yield plough layer in red soil slope farmland. The research results could provide a scientific reference for the improvement of red soil quality and the construction of reasonable slope farmland plough layer in Jiangxi province.
引文
[1]赵小敏,邵华,石庆华,等.近30年江西省耕地土壤全氮含量时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):298-305.
[2]Andrews S S,Karlen D L,Mitchell J P.A comparison of soil quality indexing methods for vegetable production system in Northern California[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2002,90(1):25-45.
[3]郑红兵,齐华,刘武仁,等.玉米农田耕层现状、存在问题及合理耕层构建探讨[J].耕作与栽培,2014,5(18):39-42.
[4]Cambardella C A,Moormana T B,Andrews S S,et al.Watershed-scale assessment of soil quality in the loess hills of southwest Iowa[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2004,78:237-247.
[5]Maddonni G A,Urricariet S,Ghersa C M,et al.Assessing soil quality in the Rolling Pampa,using soil properties and maize characteristics[J].Agronomy Journal,1999,91:280-287.
[6]苏晓燕,黄标,王虹,等.我国华南地区不同利用条件下土壤演变对障碍因素的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(1):135-142.
[7]王琪琪,濮励杰,朱明,等.沿海滩涂围垦区土壤质量演变研究—以江苏省如东县为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(2):256-264.
[8]杨奇勇,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.基于GIS的耕地土壤养分贫瘠化评价及其障碍因素分析[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(8):1375-1384.
[9]Mielke L N,Wilhelm W W,Fenster C R.Soil physical characteristics of reduced tillage in a wheat-fallow system[J].Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1984,27:1724-1728.
[10]张仁陟,罗珠珠,蔡立群,等.长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤物理质量的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):1-10.
[11]张方方,齐述华,舒晓波,等.南方山地丘陵土地利用类型的地形影响GIS分析—以江西省为例[J].地球信息科学学报,2010,12(6):784-790.
[12]马良,姜广辉,左长清,等.江西省50余年来降雨侵蚀力变化的时空分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(10):61-68.
[13]徐小林,黄欠如,叶川,等.丘陵红壤旱地花生木薯间作适宜间距研究[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(4):20-22.
[14]林洪鑫,袁展汽,刘仁根,等.江西红壤旱地木薯农艺性状与产量的关系初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(27):204-208.
[15]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.
[16]王改改,傅瓦利,袁红,等.万州区土壤质量变化评价及其可持续利用对策[J].西南农业大学学报,2006,28(2):236-240.
[17]韩平,王纪华,潘立刚,等.北京郊区田块尺度土壤质量评价[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(增刊2):228-234.
[18]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[19]Filip Z.International approach to assessing soil quality by ecologically-related biological parameters[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2002,88:169-174.
[20]白伟,孙占祥,郑家明,等.辽西地区土壤耕层及养分状况调查分析[J].土壤,2011,43(5):714-719.
[21]何园球,孙波.红壤质量演变与调控[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[22]王金满,杨睿璇,白中科.草原区露天煤矿排土场复垦土壤质量演替规律与模型[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(14):229-235.
[23]涂起红,朱安繁,张龙华,等.江西省耕地地力演变趋势研究[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(2):17-21.
[24]郑海金,杨洁,黄鹏飞,等.覆盖和草篱对红壤坡耕地花生生长和土壤特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):119-126.
[25]赵其国,谢为民,贺湘逸,等.江西红壤[M].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,1988.
[26]王明珠,陈学南.低丘红壤区花生持续高产的障碍及对策[J].花生学报,2005,34(2):17-22.
[2]Andrews S S,Karlen D L,Mitchell J P.A comparison of soil quality indexing methods for vegetable production system in Northern California[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2002,90(1):25-45.
[3]郑红兵,齐华,刘武仁,等.玉米农田耕层现状、存在问题及合理耕层构建探讨[J].耕作与栽培,2014,5(18):39-42.
[4]Cambardella C A,Moormana T B,Andrews S S,et al.Watershed-scale assessment of soil quality in the loess hills of southwest Iowa[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2004,78:237-247.
[5]Maddonni G A,Urricariet S,Ghersa C M,et al.Assessing soil quality in the Rolling Pampa,using soil properties and maize characteristics[J].Agronomy Journal,1999,91:280-287.
[6]苏晓燕,黄标,王虹,等.我国华南地区不同利用条件下土壤演变对障碍因素的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(1):135-142.
[7]王琪琪,濮励杰,朱明,等.沿海滩涂围垦区土壤质量演变研究—以江苏省如东县为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(2):256-264.
[8]杨奇勇,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.基于GIS的耕地土壤养分贫瘠化评价及其障碍因素分析[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(8):1375-1384.
[9]Mielke L N,Wilhelm W W,Fenster C R.Soil physical characteristics of reduced tillage in a wheat-fallow system[J].Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1984,27:1724-1728.
[10]张仁陟,罗珠珠,蔡立群,等.长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤物理质量的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):1-10.
[11]张方方,齐述华,舒晓波,等.南方山地丘陵土地利用类型的地形影响GIS分析—以江西省为例[J].地球信息科学学报,2010,12(6):784-790.
[12]马良,姜广辉,左长清,等.江西省50余年来降雨侵蚀力变化的时空分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(10):61-68.
[13]徐小林,黄欠如,叶川,等.丘陵红壤旱地花生木薯间作适宜间距研究[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(4):20-22.
[14]林洪鑫,袁展汽,刘仁根,等.江西红壤旱地木薯农艺性状与产量的关系初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(27):204-208.
[15]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.
[16]王改改,傅瓦利,袁红,等.万州区土壤质量变化评价及其可持续利用对策[J].西南农业大学学报,2006,28(2):236-240.
[17]韩平,王纪华,潘立刚,等.北京郊区田块尺度土壤质量评价[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(增刊2):228-234.
[18]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[19]Filip Z.International approach to assessing soil quality by ecologically-related biological parameters[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2002,88:169-174.
[20]白伟,孙占祥,郑家明,等.辽西地区土壤耕层及养分状况调查分析[J].土壤,2011,43(5):714-719.
[21]何园球,孙波.红壤质量演变与调控[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[22]王金满,杨睿璇,白中科.草原区露天煤矿排土场复垦土壤质量演替规律与模型[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(14):229-235.
[23]涂起红,朱安繁,张龙华,等.江西省耕地地力演变趋势研究[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(2):17-21.
[24]郑海金,杨洁,黄鹏飞,等.覆盖和草篱对红壤坡耕地花生生长和土壤特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):119-126.
[25]赵其国,谢为民,贺湘逸,等.江西红壤[M].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,1988.
[26]王明珠,陈学南.低丘红壤区花生持续高产的障碍及对策[J].花生学报,2005,34(2):17-22.